scholarly journals Obesity Inequalities According to Place of Birth: The Role of Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Rodriguez-Alvarez ◽  
Nerea Lanborena ◽  
Luisa Borrell
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Place Of Birth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
European Health ◽  
Using Data

This study examined obesity inequalities according to place of birth and educational attainment in men and in women in Spain. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2011–2012 and from the European Health Survey in Spain 2014. We used data for 27,720 adults aged 18–64 years of whom 2431 were immigrants. We used log-binomial regression to quantify the association of place of birth with obesity before and after adjusting for the selected characteristics in women and in men. We found a greater probability of obesity in immigrant women (PR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.22–1.64) and a lower probability of obesity in immigrant men (PR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.59–0.89) relative to natives after adjustment. Significant heterogeneity was observed for the association of place of birth and obesity according to education in men (p-interactions = 0.002): Men with lower educational levels (PR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.26–0.83) have a protective effect against obesity compared with their native counterparts. This study suggests that place of birth may affect obesity in women and in men. However, this effect may be compounded with education differently for women and men.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Determinants of Antibiotic Consumption in the Elderly during 2006–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3243
Author(s):  
Silvia Portero de la Cruz ◽  
Jesús Cebrino
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotic Overuse ◽  
European Health ◽  
Using Data

Elderly people are a particularly important population with regard to antibiotic overuse, using around 50% more antibiotics per capita than younger adults. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence, associated factors and evolution over time of antibiotic consumption among the Spanish population aged ≥ 65 years from 2006 to 2017. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Spanish National Health Survey in 2006, 2011/2012 and 2017, and from the European Health Survey in Spain in 2009 and 2014. The sample consisted of 26,891 non-institutionalized individuals ≥ 65 years. Antibiotic consumption was the dependent variable, and sociodemographic variables, lifestyle habits and health status were analyzed using a logistic regression model. The prevalence of antibiotic consumption was 4.94%, with a marked increase from 2006 (4.64%) to 2017 (5.81%) (p < 0.0001). Higher antibiotic consumption was associated with poor or very poor self-perceived health status, no polypharmacy and not having been in hospital during the previous twelve months, while a lower consumption was linked to being limited but not severely due to a health problem and not being at all limited.

scholarly journals Cut-off points of anthropometric markers associated with hypertension in the Brazilian population: National Health Survey, 2013

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 2147-2154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Alves de Souza ◽  
Paulo Rogério Melo Rodrigues ◽  
Ana Paula Muraro ◽  
Naiara Ferraz Moreira ◽  
Rosely Sichieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
National Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio ◽  
Anthropometric Markers

AbstractObjectiveTo identify cut-off points for waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and BMI associated with hypertension in the Brazilian adult and elderly population.DesignCross-sectional study. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the cut-off points of WC, WHtR and BMI in the prediction of hypertension. Those who had systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg and those who reported use of antihypertensive medication were considered hypertensive.SettingBrazil.ParticipantsParticipants from the National Health Survey, the Brazilian household-based survey conducted in 2013, of both sexes and age ≥20 years.ResultsCut-off points for WC and WHtR increased with age in both sexes. WC cut-off limits ranged between 88·0 and 95·9 cm in men and between 85·0 and 93·2 cm in women. For WHtR, cut-off scores ranged from 0·51 to 0·58 for men and from 0·53 to 0·61 for women. Additionally, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for all age and sex groups was greater than 0·60 while the lower limit of the AUC 95 % CI for both WC and WHtR was not less than 0·50. The performance of BMI was similar to that of indicators of fat location.ConclusionsAll analysed anthropometric indicators had similar performance in identifying hypertension in the Brazilian population.

scholarly journals Place of Birth Inequalities in Dental Care Use before and after the Economic Crisis in Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1691
Author(s):  
Elena Rodriguez-Alvarez ◽  
Nerea Lanborena ◽  
Luisa N. Borrell
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Place Of Birth ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Before And After

This study evaluates inequalities in the use of dental services according to place of birth before and after the economic crisis in Spain. A cross-sectional study was performed in adults aged 18 to 65 years in Spain. We used data from three Spanish National Health Surveys for the years 2006 (before the crisis), 2014, and 2017 (after the crisis). Log-binomial regression was used to quantify the association between place of birth and use of dental care services before and after controlling for the selected covariates. In 2006, we found a greater probability of not using dental care services in immigrants from Asia (PR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.10–1.67) and Africa (PR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.05–1.28) compared to the natives. For 2014, the probability of not using dental care services was greater for all immigrants relative to natives, with the greatest probability for those from Africa (PR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.46–2.01) and Asia (PR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.23–1.47). The associations for 2017 were weaker in magnitude than the ones observed for 2014, although stronger than for 2006. This study suggests that the economic recovery did not have the same impact for natives and immigrants regardless of regions of origin, given the observed inequalities in use of dental services.

scholarly journals Biopsychosocial inequality, active lifestyle and chronic health conditions: a cross-sectional National Health Survey 2013 in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Barbosa Otoni Gonçalves Guedes ◽  
Rodolpho Nunes Araújo ◽  
Lídia Reniê Fernandes da Silva ◽  
Diego Neves Araujo ◽  
Sanderson José Costa de Assis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Active Behavior

AbstractThis study estimated the biopsychosocial factors related to active physical behavior in the Brazilian population with and without chronic non-transmissible disease (NCD). Cross-sectional study of the National Health Survey (NHS) in Brazil, with 60,202 individuals in 2013. Participants were randomly selected by complex sampling. The outcome was physically active behavior measured by performing a minimum of 150 min of physical exercise per week. The independent variables were social and psychological characteristics, lifestyle and health. Cox regression was applied to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR). There are 29,666 (48.3%; 95% CI 47.0–50.0) participants reported having NCD. Not being a smoker or alcoholic, living in an urban area (PR = 1.44; CI95% 1.23–1.68/PR = 1.38; CI95% 1.08–1.75), having informal social support (PR = 1.26; CI95% 1.10–1.44/PR = 1.19; CI95% 1.05–1.34), A social class (PR = 0.43; CI95% 0.25–0.73/PR = 0.46; CI95% 0.26–0.80), high schooling (PR = 0.34; CI95% 0.23–0.51/PR = 0.33; CI95% 0.24–0.46) as well as paid work (PR = 0.87; CI95% 0.78–0.96/PR = 0.89; CI95% 0.79–0.99) are more associated with active lifestyle in both groups. However, only in the group without NCD, the male sex (PR = 1.42; CI95% 1.28–1.57), no having some disability (PR = 1.31; CI95% 1.03–1.66) and having private health insurance (PR = 1.26; CI95% 1.13–1.41) were more associated with active behavior, while in the group with NCD, being elderly (PR = 1.22; CI95% 1.05–1.42), not be white (PR = 0.85; CI95% 0.77–0.95) and not having restful sleep (PR = 1.23; CI95% 1.08–1.40) are associated with active lifestyle. People with and without NCD in Brazil have very close active behavior, however, some biopsychosocial factors such as: sex, age, lifestyle, socioeconomic level are unevenly associated with the active lifestyle in the groups. Thus, therapeutic or preventive proposals as well as public policies for health promotion must observe these distinctions when elaborating their actions.

scholarly journals Number of remaining teeth and its association with educational level in Chilean adults: data from the National Health Survey 2016-2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Margozzini ◽  
Rodrigo Berrios ◽  
Rosario García-Huidobro ◽  
Claudia Véliz ◽  
Carolina del Valle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Main Independent Variable ◽  
Functional Dentition ◽  
Chilean Population

Abstract Background: Several population studies have addressed oral health inequity-related issues. Edentulism, functional dentition and number of remaining teeth have been linked to different socioeconomic level measurements. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between educational level (EL) and tooth loss in the Chilean population aged 15 years old and above, based on the recent data collected from the 2016-2017 National Health Survey (ENS 2016-2017). Methods: The sample for this cross-sectional study comprised 5473 subjects. The main independent variable in the study was educational level (LEL: low, MEL: medium, HEL: high). In order to measure tooth loss number of remaining teeth, edentulism and functional dentition were considered. Based on a multivariate logistic regression, it was possible to obtain odds ratios (OR) and, therefore, to assessing the condition of dentition according to the subject’s EL. As to the number of teeth variable, multiple linear regressions were conducted. The analyses were carried out in the SPSS 24.0 program considering the complex sampling design of ENS 2016-2017. Results: When comparing LEL subjects with HEL subjects, the adjusted difference in the number of remaining teeth was 3.11 for maxilla and 1.72 for mandible. An individual with a LEL had a 7.51 [3.50-16.10] and 6.06 [2.68-13.68] times higher risk of upper edentulism and lower edentulism than a HEL individual respectively. Regarding functional dentition, the adjusted OR in HEL subjects was 13.33 [8.02-22.15] and in MEL subjects was 2.81 [2.03-3.87], compared to LEL results. Conclusions: LEL was associated with a significant tooth loss in the Chilean population. Regardless of age, subjects with a LEL obtained a lower mean of number of remaining teeth, higher prevalence of edentulism and lower prevalence of functional dentition.

scholarly journals Patient perceptions about anesthesia and anesthesiologists before and after surgical procedures

2011 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Leite ◽  
Leopoldo Muniz da Silva ◽  
Sckarlet Ernandes Biancolin ◽  
Adriano Dias ◽  
Yara Marcondes Machado Castiglia
Keyword(s):  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anesthetic Care ◽  
Correct Information ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Professional Care ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Patient Relationships

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Anesthesiologist-patient relationships are established preoperatively and intraoperatively. These are opportunities for providing correct information about anesthesia/anesthesiologists, thereby improving outcomes. The aim here was to evaluate patients' perceptions about anesthesiologists before anesthesia and to identify whether the anesthetic care would change such perceptions. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective cross-sectional study using data obtained in 2007-2008, at a tertiary university hospital. METHODS: 518 patients aged 16 years or over were interviewed before and after anesthesia exposure. A questionnaire was used to determine patient characteristics and perceptions of anesthesia/anesthesiologists. RESULTS: The patients were 16-89 years of age and 59.8% had attended elementary school. 79.1% said that anesthesiologists were specialized physicians. Anesthesiologists' roles were associated with loss of consciousness (35.5% pre-anesthesia; 43.5% post-anesthesia), pain relief (29.7% pre-anesthesia, 31.7% post-anesthesia), vital sign monitoring (17.6% pre-anesthesia, 35% post-anesthesia; P < 0.05); and drug administration (10.8% pre-anesthesia, 43.9% post-anesthesia; P < 0.05). The level of confidence in the physician was rated high (82.2% and 89.8% pre- and post-anesthesia, respectively; P < 0.05) or intermediate (5.8% and 6.6% pre- and post-anesthesia, respectively; P < 0.05). The care provided by anesthesiologists was classified as: elucidating (52.8%), encouraging (52.6%), neutral (10.2%) and careless (0.8%). CONCLUSION: Patients' perceptions of anesthesiologists' roles were fairly good, but improvements in this relationship still need to be pursued, to achieve better outcomes. Anesthetic care was important in providing information, confidence and reassurance among patients, regarding their perceptions. Anesthesiologists should not miss opportunities to provide excellent professional care for patients, thereby improving anesthesia outcomes and their image.

scholarly journals To what extent is the altitude at which we live associated with 10-year cardiovascular risk?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Cevallos Guerrero ◽  
Heidi Angela Fernández ◽  
Ángela León-Cáceres ◽  
Luciana Armijos-Acurio ◽  
Carlos Erazo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Income Quintile ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Laboratory Biomarkers

AbstractIntroductionThere is evidence that demonstrates lower incidence rates of cardiometabolic factors at the highlands. There are no studies which correlate the altitude with formally calculated cardiovascular risk by a meter-by-meter approach. Under the hypothesis that cardiovascular risk is inversely associated with altitude, this study was aimed to assess such association.Materials and methodsCross sectional study using data from the Ecuadorian National Health Survey of 2012. We analyzed available information of adults of ≥ 40 to 60 years old who have sociodemographic, anthropometric, cardiovascular risk factors, and laboratory biomarkers that were included in the survey. We assessed the independent association between altitude of the housing in which survey participants lived at, on a meter-by-meter approach, and cardiovascular health risk at ten years, formally calculated by Framingham equations.ResultsLinear regression model showed that participants had 0.0005 % less probability of developing cardiovascular disease at 10 years per each increase in a meter in the altitude that participants live at (p<0.001), adjusted for sex, age, ethnicity, educational level, availability of social security, immigrants in family, area, income quintile, overcrowding (≥ 7 inhabitants in the house), any alcohol consumption, history of hypertension, body mass index, hematocrit, and triglycerides.ConclusionFrom a public health perspective, altitude at which individuals live is an important health determinant of cardiovascular risk. Specifically, per each increase of 1000 m in the altitude that people live at, there is a reduction of almost half a percentual point in the cardiovascular risk at 10 years.

scholarly journals Number of Remaining Teeth and Its Association with Educational Level in Chilean Adults: Data from the National Health Survey 2016-2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Paula Margozzini ◽  
Rodrigo Berrios ◽  
Rosario García-Huidobro ◽  
Claudia Véliz ◽  
Carolina del Valle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Main Independent Variable ◽  
Functional Dentition ◽  
Chilean Population

Introduction. Several population studies have addressed oral health inequalities. Edentulism, functional dentition, and number of remaining teeth have been associated with different socioeconomic level measurements. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between educational level and tooth loss in the Chilean population aged 15 years and above, based on the 2016-2017 National Health Survey (ENS 2016-2017). Material and Methods. The sample for this cross-sectional study comprised 5473 subjects. The main independent variable was educational level (LEL: low, MEL: medium, and HEL: high). To measure tooth loss, we considered the variables number of remaining teeth, edentulism, and functional dentition. We used logistic regressions to assess the condition of dentition according to the subject’s EL. As to the number of teeth variable, linear regressions were conducted. The analyses were carried out considering the complex sampling design in SPSS 24.0. Results. When comparing LEL subjects with HEL subjects, the adjusted difference in number of remaining teeth was 3.11 for the maxilla and 1.72 for the mandible. An individual with LEL had a 7.51 [3.50–16.10] and 6.06 [2.68–13.68] times higher risk of upper edentulism and lower edentulism than a HEL individual, respectively. Regarding functional dentition, the adjusted OR in HEL subjects was 13.33 [8.02–22.15] and in MEL subjects was 2.81 [2.03–3.87], compared to LEL results. Conclusions. LEL was associated with a significant tooth loss in the Chilean population. Subjects with LEL obtained a lower mean of number of remaining teeth and higher prevalence of edentulism and nonfunctional dentition.

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