Biopsychosocial inequality, active lifestyle and chronic health conditions: a cross-sectional National Health Survey 2013 in Brazil

This study estimated the biopsychosocial factors related to active physical behavior in the Brazilian population with and without chronic non-transmissible disease (NCD). Cross-sectional study of the National Health Survey (NHS) in Brazil, with 60,202 individuals in 2013. Participants were randomly selected by complex sampling. The outcome was physically active behavior measured by performing a minimum of 150 min of physical exercise per week. The independent variables were social and psychological characteristics, lifestyle and health. Cox regression was applied to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR). There are 29,666 (48.3%; 95% CI 47.0–50.0) participants reported having NCD. Not being a smoker or alcoholic, living in an urban area (PR = 1.44; CI95% 1.23–1.68/PR = 1.38; CI95% 1.08–1.75), having informal social support (PR = 1.26; CI95% 1.10–1.44/PR = 1.19; CI95% 1.05–1.34), A social class (PR = 0.43; CI95% 0.25–0.73/PR = 0.46; CI95% 0.26–0.80), high schooling (PR = 0.34; CI95% 0.23–0.51/PR = 0.33; CI95% 0.24–0.46) as well as paid work (PR = 0.87; CI95% 0.78–0.96/PR = 0.89; CI95% 0.79–0.99) are more associated with active lifestyle in both groups. However, only in the group without NCD, the male sex (PR = 1.42; CI95% 1.28–1.57), no having some disability (PR = 1.31; CI95% 1.03–1.66) and having private health insurance (PR = 1.26; CI95% 1.13–1.41) were more associated with active behavior, while in the group with NCD, being elderly (PR = 1.22; CI95% 1.05–1.42), not be white (PR = 0.85; CI95% 0.77–0.95) and not having restful sleep (PR = 1.23; CI95% 1.08–1.40) are associated with active lifestyle. People with and without NCD in Brazil have very close active behavior, however, some biopsychosocial factors such as: sex, age, lifestyle, socioeconomic level are unevenly associated with the active lifestyle in the groups. Thus, therapeutic or preventive proposals as well as public policies for health promotion must observe these distinctions when elaborating their actions.

Concept, types and signs of responsibility in the field of medical activities

The development of medical science, the improvement of the living standards of the population and the establishment of democratic institutions contribute to the increase of the requirements for the activity of medical workers and to the increase of cases of bringing them to justice for improper performance of professional duties. Civil law distinguishes between types of liability according to different criteria. Thus, on the basis of the rights and obligations, for the violation of which liability is established, it is divided into contractual and non-contractual. Contractual and non-contractual civil liability have some common generic features. Liability in medical activities arises in case of violation of rights and responsibilities. The activities of health professionals (doctors, nurses, support staff) in any case, aimed at the patient, he receives medical care, taking into account his health, physical condition, and aim at positive changes in the patient's health. In the case of contractual liability, the terms of the contract are violated, in the case of non-contractual (tort) liability between the violator and the victim before the violation there were absolute legal relations. The behavior of the offender must be active, ie passive behavior is not the basis for tortious liability, but only if there are special rules of law that provide only for active behavior (doctors). Tort liability damages the general prohibition, where potentially harmful conduct is not clearly defined by law, as any active conduct is illegal and associated with the occurrence of the damage. Contractual liability will arise in compliance with the terms of liability, especially the causal link, ie the objectively existing link between the wrongful conduct of the debtor and the adverse consequences that have occurred. The classic features of the contract, of course, are more clearly manifested in private medical services (eg, dentists, private medical institutions), there are contractual relationships. Liability in the field of medical activity is a type of legal liability, ie the implementation of a sanction of a legal norm, which by its nature is a means of coercion, is accompanied by condemnation by the state and is expressed in imposing on the perpetrator of violation of intangible consequences of a material nature.

Hippocampal ripples signal contextually-mediated episodic recall

High-frequency oscillatory events, termed ripples, represent synchrony of neural activity in the brain1. Experiments in animal models have characterized ripples during quiescent and sleep states1 and to a lesser degree during active behavior2-4. Converging evidence from these animal studies5,computational modeling6, and recent examinations in human participants support a link between hippocampal7-9 or medial temporal lobe (MTL)10,11 ripples and memory retrieval. Analyzing direct MTL recordings from 219 neurosurgical participants performing episodic recall tasks, we ask whether ripples specifically reflect the reinstatement of contextual information12-14, a defining property of episodic memory12,15, and are not just a recapitulation of recently-experienced stimuli7,10. Here we find that the rate of hippocampal ripples rises just prior to the free recall of recently-formed memories. This pre-recall ripple effect appears most strongly in the CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) subfields of hippocampus--regions critical for episodic memory16-18. Neighboring entorhinal and parahippocampal cortices exhibit a significantly weaker effect. The pre-recall ripple effect is strongest prior to the retrieval of semantically- and/or temporally-related recalls, indicating the involvement of ripples in contextual reinstatement, thereby specifically linking ripples with retrieval of episodic memories.

Biopsychosocial Inequality, Active Lifestyle and Chronic Health Conditions In Brazilians

Background:A study estimated the biopsychosocial factors related to active physical behavior in the Brazilian population with and without chronic non-transmissible disease (CNCD).Methodology: Cross-sectional study of the National Health Survey (NHS) in Brazil, with 60,202 individuals. The outcome was physically active behavior. The independent variables were social characteristics, lifestyle and health. Cox regression was applied to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR).Results: 29,666 (48.3%; 95% CI: 47.0–50.0) reported having CNCD. Not being a smoker or alcoholic, living in an urban area, having informal social support, you are in class A, high schooling as well as paid work are more associated with active lifestyle in both groups. However, in the group without CNCD, the female sex, having some disability and not having private health insurance were more associated with sedentary behavior, while in the group with CNCD, being elderly, white and not having restful sleep are associated with sedentary lifestyle.Conclusion: People with and without CNCD in Brazil have very close active behavior, however, some biopsychosocial factors such as: sex, age, lifestyle, socioeconomic level are unevenly associated with the active lifestyle in the groups. Thus, therapeutic or preventive proposals as well as public policies for health promotion must observe these distinctions when elaborating their actions.

Supporting Factors for Community Participation in the Waste Bank Program: A Study in Sleman Regency of Indonesia

The waste bank is one of the methods used by the Government of Sleman Regency, DIY, to solve the waste problem. However, citizen participation to be active as customers in the waste bank is still lacking. For this reason, a study was conducted to find out what factors affect the level of activity of citizens in depositing waste into the waste bank. The research uses The Theory of Planned Behavior, coupled with factors: knowledge of how and what and knowledge of consequences. Data was collected through interviews with several bank administrators and customers and filling out the questionnaire. Respondents were selected by purposive sampling from 11 waste banks. The analysis method uses multiple linear regression by testing the significance of the regression model, the coefficient of determination, and the partial effect test of each variable. The results showed that attitudes, subjective norms, contr, knowledge of how and what, and knowledge of consequences simultaneously affected 73% of the intention. Among the five independent variables, only the perceived behavioral control has no partial effect. The study also showed that the intention had a significant effect on the waste bank's active behavior with a coefficient of determination of 63%.

Recent Advances in the Use of Transition-Metal Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Complexes as Electro-Catalyst Materials on Modified Electrodes for Electroanalytical Sensing Applications

Metalloporphyrins (MP) and metallophtalocyanines (MPc) are innovative materials with catalytic properties that have attracted attention for their application for diverse electrochemical purposes. The presence of metallic centers in their structure offers a redox-active behavior that is being applied in the design of solid electrodes for the quantification of biomolecules, water contaminants, and pharmaceuticals, among others. Herein, we collect the recent information about porphyrin and phthalocyanine complexes as modifiers of electrodes, and the important aspects of the design, characterization, and application of these electrodes.

Penyuluhan Tentang Bahaya Abortus Di SMA Negeri 1 Kairatu

Education on sexual and reproductive health for adolescents in Indonesia has not been fully accepted by the community. This is influenced by the complex environment of social, cultural and religious life. Many people consider that sexual and reproductive health education is a taboo subject to discuss among adolescents. These conditions make adolescents confused in determining their reproductive health behavior. However, over time, the influence of Western culture has brought freedom and open access to information so as to provide opportunities for adolescents to have negative behaviors in reproductive health. The prevalence of sexually active behavior in male adolescents (56.6%) is higher when compared to adolescent girls (43.7%). The problem of abortion in adolescents needs to be seriously addressed, because this problem occurs mostly in developing countries such as Indonesia due to the lack of access to information about abortion. This is evident from many studies which state that the high number of unsafe abortions that causes death is due to the lack of knowledge of young women about the dangers of abortion.Keywords: danger of abortion

CHARACTER VALUE IN KARAWITAN ACTIVITY: A QUALITATIVE STUDY AT SDN TRUCUK BANTUL INDONESIA

This study aims to describe the integrated character values in Karawitan activities and the impact of these activities on the personalities of students. A research method is a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. Data collection using observation and interviews technique. The observed character values are Religious Values, Nationalism, Independence, Teamwork, and Integrity. Participants in this study were students in grades 3,4,5 at SDN Trucuk Pajangan Bantul. The sampling technique used was snowball sampling. The results showed that all the character values studied were integrated with Karawitan activities. Religious value is shown from the behavior of implementing religion, tolerance, and peace. The value of nationalism is shown in the attitude of selfishness, love for the country, and obeying the rules. The independent value of students is shown by the behavior of working hard, professionally, and not depending on others. The value of mutual cooperation is shown in the behavior of completing work together, solidarity, and helping each other. The value of integrity is shown from responsible, active behavior and in accordance with words and actions. Recommendations for further research are to integrate karawitan activities into several learning topics so that they have a direct influence on student achievement.

A Systematic Review on Commercially Available and Validated Sensor Technologies for Welfare Assessment of Dairy Cattle

In order to base welfare assessment of dairy cattle on real-time measurement, integration of valid and reliable precision livestock farming (PLF) technologies is needed. The aim of this study was to provide a systematic overview of externally validated and commercially available PLF technologies, which could be used for sensor-based welfare assessment in dairy cattle. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic literature review was conducted to identify externally validated sensor technologies. Out of 1,111 publications initially extracted from databases, only 42 studies describing 30 tools (including prototypes) met requirements for external validation. Moreover, through market search, 129 different retailed technologies with application for animal-based welfare assessment were identified. In total, only 18 currently retailed sensors have been externally validated (14%). The highest validation rate was found for systems based on accelerometers (30% of tools available on the market have validation records), while the lower rates were obtained for cameras (10%), load cells (8%), miscellaneous milk sensors (8%), and boluses (7%). Validated traits concerned animal activity, feeding and drinking behavior, physical condition, and health of animals. The majority of tools were validated on adult cows. Non-active behavior (lying and standing) and rumination were the most often validated for the high performance. Regarding active behavior (e.g., walking), lower performance of tools was reported. Also, tools used for physical condition (e.g., body condition scoring) and health evaluation (e.g., mastitis detection) were classified in lower performance group. The precision and accuracy of feeding and drinking assessment varied depending on measured trait and used sensor. Regarding relevance for animal-based welfare assessment, several validated technologies had application for good health (e.g., milk quality sensors) and good feeding (e.g., load cells, accelerometers). Accelerometers-based systems have also practical relevance to assess good housing. However, currently available PLF technologies have low potential to assess appropriate behavior of dairy cows. To increase actors' trust toward the PLF technology and prompt sensor-based welfare assessment, validation studies, especially in commercial herds, are needed. Future research should concentrate on developing and validating PLF technologies dedicated to the assessment of appropriate behavior and tools dedicated to monitoring the health and welfare in calves and heifers.