scholarly journals Oral Microbiota of the Snake Bothrops lanceolatus in Martinique

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dabor Résière ◽  
Claude Olive ◽  
Hatem Kallel ◽  
André Cabié ◽  
Rémi Névière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Morganella Morganii ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

In Martinique, Bothrops lanceolatus snakebite, although relatively uncommon (~30 cases/year), may result in serious complications such as systemic thrombosis and local infections. Infections have been hypothesized to be related to bacteria present in the snake’s oral cavity. In this investigation, we isolated, identified, and studied the susceptibility to beta-lactams of bacteria sampled from the oral cavity of twenty-six B. lanceolatus specimens collected from various areas in Martinique. Microbiota from B. lanceolatus oral cavity was polymicrobial. Isolated bacteria belonged to fifteen different taxa; the most frequent being Aeromonas hydrophyla (present in 50% of the samples), Morganella morganii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus spp., and Enterococcus spp. Analysis of antibiotic susceptibility revealed that 66.7% of the isolated bacteria were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanate. In contrast, the majority of isolated bacteria were susceptible to the third-generation cephalosporins (i.e., 73.3% with cefotaxime and 80.0% with ceftazidime). Microbiota from B. lanceolatus oral cavity is polymicrobial with bacteria mostly susceptible to third-generation cephalosporins but rarely to amoxicillin/clavulanate. In conclusion, our findings clearly support that first-line antibiotic therapy in the B. lanceolatus-bitten patients, when there is evidence of infection, should include a third-generation cephalosporin rather than amoxicillin/clavulanate.

scholarly journals Detecting the dual presence of AmpC and ESBL enzymes

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
John Sfakinos
Keyword(s):  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
First Line ◽  
Morganella Morganii ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Inducible-chromosomal AmpC cephalosporinase enzymes have been recognised for several years in the ESCAPPM (Enterobacter spp., Serratia spp., Citrobacter freundii, Acinetobacter spp., Proteus vulgaris, Providencia spp. and Morganella morganii) group of gram-negative organisms, which result in the potential resistance to third-generation cephalosporin drugs. More recently several non-ESCAPPM Enterobacteriaceae (particularly E coli, Klebsiella and Proteus mirabilis) have been found to harbour a non-inducible-plasmid form of AmpC. This is particularly important when found in bacteremic patients where third-generation cephalosporins are often the first line drugs of choice.

scholarly journals Emergence of Third-Generation Cephalosporin-Resistant Morganella morganii in a Captive Breeding Dolphin in South Korea

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2052
Author(s):  
Seon Young Park ◽  
Kyunglee Lee ◽  
Yuna Cho ◽  
Se Ra Lim ◽  
Hyemin Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphin ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Morganella Morganii ◽  
Human Sepsis ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

The emergence of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) strains of Morganella morganii is increasingly being recognized. Recently, we reported a fatal M. morganii infection in a captive bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) bred at a dolphinarium in South Korea. According to our subsequent investigations, the isolated M. morganii strain KC-Tt-01 exhibited extensive resistance to third-generation cephalosporins which have not been reported in animals. Therefore, in the present study, the genome of strain KC-Tt-01 was sequenced, and putative virulence and AMR genes were investigated. The strain had virulence and AMR genes similar to those of other M. morganii strains, including a strain that causes human sepsis. An amino-acid substitution detected at the 86th residue (Arg to Cys) of the protein encoded by ampR might explain the extended resistance to third-generation cephalosporins. These results indicate that the AMR M. morganii strain isolated from the captive dolphin has the potential to cause fatal zoonotic infections with antibiotic treatment failure due to extended drug resistance, and therefore, the management of antibiotic use and monitoring of the emergence of AMR bacteria are urgently needed in captive cetaceans for their health and conservation.

scholarly journals Acute kidney injury as the presenting complaint of ceftazidime-induced immune-mediated haemolysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. e232884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Ferro ◽  
Meryl Griffiths ◽  
Rona Smith ◽  
Andrew Fry
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Tubular Necrosis ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Centre ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

We present the case of ceftazidime-induced immune-mediated haemolysis with associated acute kidney injury in a 43-year-old woman. The patient initially presented to the regional cystic fibrosis centre for treatment of an infective exacerbation of cystic fibrosis. After initiation of ceftazidime (a third-generation cephalosporin), renal function rapidly deteriorated and a fall in haemoglobin was noted. On transfer to our care, a haemolysis screen identified immune-mediated haemolysis, and renal biopsy confirmed the finding of acute tubular necrosis secondary to haem pigment. The patient’s renal function deteriorated such that she required haemodialysis, although she subsequently recovered and is now dialysis-independent. Although acute haemolytic reactions are recognised with third-generation cephalosporins, this is the first reported case of ceftazidime-induced immune-mediated haemolysis with acute kidney injury. Given the increased frequency of cephalosporin usage, it is important for both nephrologists and general physicians to be aware of this rare but very serious complication.

scholarly journals National Prevalence of Resistance to Third-Generation Cephalosporins in Escherichia coli Isolates from Layer Flocks in France

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 6351-6353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Chauvin ◽  
Laetitia Le Devendec ◽  
Eric Jouy ◽  
Maena Le Cornec ◽  
Sylvie Francart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Gene Control ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
National Prevalence ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

ABSTRACTResistance ofEscherichia colito third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) in fecal samples representative of French egg production was studied. The susceptibility to cefotaxime ofE. coliisolates obtained by culture on nonselective media was determined. Twenty-two nonsusceptible isolates were obtained (7.51%; 95% confidence interval, 4.49 to 10.54%), the majority of which came from young birds. Most isolates carried ablaCTX-M-1group gene, and a few carried ablaCMY-2-like gene. Control of 3GC resistance in laying hens is needed.

scholarly journals Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis Caused byCardiobacterium hominis: A Case Report

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davie Wong ◽  
Julie Carson ◽  
Andrew Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Bacterial Endocarditis ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
First Line ◽  
Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Cardiobacterium hominis, a member of the HACEK group of organisms, is an uncommon but important cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis. First-line therapy is a third-generation cephalosporin due to rare beta-lactamase production. The authors report a case involving endovascular infection due toC hoministhat initially tested resistant to third-generation cephalosporins using an antibiotic gradient strip susceptibility method (nitrocephin negative), but later proved to be susceptible using broth microdilution reference methods (a ‘major’ error). There are limited studies to guide susceptibility testing and interpretive breakpoints forC hominisin the medical literature, and the present case illustrates some of the issues that may arise when performing susceptibility testing for fastidious organisms in the clinical microbiology laboratory.

Impact of restriction of third generation cephalosporins on the burden of third generation cephalosporin resistant K. pneumoniae and E. coli in an ICU

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 862-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Meyer ◽  
Matthias Lapatschek ◽  
Andreas Bechtold ◽  
Gerhard Schwarzkopf ◽  
Petra Gastmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

scholarly journals Characterization of Third-Generation-Cephalosporin-Resistant Shiga Toxin-Producing Strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Japan

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 3035-3038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuji Kawahara ◽  
Kazuko Seto ◽  
Masumi Taguchi ◽  
Chie Nakajima ◽  
Yuko Kumeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

We isolated Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coliO157:H7 strains resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. The resistant strains harboredblaCMY-2, a plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase. Genotyping of isolates revealed the possible spread of this problematic bacterium. Results suggested the importance of the investigation and surveillance of enterobacteria with plasmids harboringblaCMY-2.

scholarly journals Third-Generation Cephalosporin-Resistant Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis: A single-Centre Experience and Summary of Existing Studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Chaulk ◽  
Michelle Carbonneau ◽  
Hina Qamar ◽  
Adam Keough ◽  
Hsiu-Ju Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Bacterial Peritonitis ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Cephalosporin Resistance ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins ◽  
Culture Positive

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is the most prevalent bacterial infection in patients with cirrhosis. Although studies from Europe have reported significant rates of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, there are limited SBP-specific data from centres in North America.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of, predictors for and clinical impact of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant SBP at a Canadian tertiary care centre, and to summarize the data in the context of the existing literature.METHODS: SBP patients treated with both antibiotics and albumin therapy at a Canadian tertiary care hospital between 2003 and 2011 were retrospectively identified. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine independent predictors of third-generation cephalosporin resistance and mortality.RESULTS: In 192 patients, 25% of infections were nosocomial. Forty per cent (77 of 192) of infections were culture positive; of these, 19% (15 of 77) were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. The prevalence of cephalosporin resistance was 8% with community-acquired infections, 17% with health care-associated infections and 41% with nosocomial acquisition. Nosocomial acquisition of infection was the only predictor of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (OR 4.0 [95% CI 1.04 to 15.2]). Thirty-day mortality censored for liver transplantation was 27% (50 of 184). In the 77 culture-positive patients, resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (OR 5.3 [1.3 to 22]) and the Model for End-stage Live Disease score (OR 1.14 [1.04 to 1.24]) were independent predictors of 30-day mortality.CONCLUSIONS: Third-generation cephalosporin-resistant SBP is a common diagnosis and has an effect on clinical outcomes. In an attempt to reduce the mortality associated with resistance to empirical therapy, high-risk subgroups should receive broader empirical antibiotic coverage.

Intrathecal Administration of Amikacin for Treatment of Meningitis Secondary to Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia Coli

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 870-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra L. Preston ◽  
Laurie L. Briceland
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Intrathecal Administration ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Efficacious Treatment ◽  
Clonic Seizures ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of gram-negative bacillary meningitis (GNBM) secondary to cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli that was treated with intrathecal and intravenous amikacin and intravenous imipenem/cilastatin (I/C). CASE SUMMARY: A patient who had undergone two recent neurosurgical procedures developed GNBM and bacteremia. He was treated empirically with ceftazidime. Both bloodstream and cerebrospinal fluid isolates were identified as E. coli, resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, penicillins, tobramycin, and gentamicin. The patient was subsequently treated with intravenous and intrathecal amikacin plus intravenous I/C He experienced subjective and objective improvement on days 2–4 of antimicrobial therapy; two generalized tonic-clonic seizures occurred on days 7 and 12. Intrathecal amikacin was discontinued after 6 days, and intravenous amikacin and I/C were discontinued after 23 and 27 days, respectively. The patient's mental status did not completely return to premeningitis baseline. DISCUSSION: Third-generation cephalosporins are the treatment of choice for GNBM. In the case reported herein, bacterial resistance to these agents prompted the use of a therapy that has not been well studied and is also considered to be less safe and perhaps less efficacious. Treatment of GNBM with an intrathecally administered aminoglycoside or with intravenous I/C plus an aminoglycoside is reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with GNBM secondary to third-generation cephalosporin-resistant organisms may require therapies that may be less effective and more toxic. Further study of alternative agents is warranted.

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