scholarly journals Detecting the dual presence of AmpC and ESBL enzymes

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
John Sfakinos
Keyword(s):  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
First Line ◽  
Morganella Morganii ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Inducible-chromosomal AmpC cephalosporinase enzymes have been recognised for several years in the ESCAPPM (Enterobacter spp., Serratia spp., Citrobacter freundii, Acinetobacter spp., Proteus vulgaris, Providencia spp. and Morganella morganii) group of gram-negative organisms, which result in the potential resistance to third-generation cephalosporin drugs. More recently several non-ESCAPPM Enterobacteriaceae (particularly E coli, Klebsiella and Proteus mirabilis) have been found to harbour a non-inducible-plasmid form of AmpC. This is particularly important when found in bacteremic patients where third-generation cephalosporins are often the first line drugs of choice.

scholarly journals Oral Microbiota of the Snake Bothrops lanceolatus in Martinique

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dabor Résière ◽  
Claude Olive ◽  
Hatem Kallel ◽  
André Cabié ◽  
Rémi Névière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Morganella Morganii ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

In Martinique, Bothrops lanceolatus snakebite, although relatively uncommon (~30 cases/year), may result in serious complications such as systemic thrombosis and local infections. Infections have been hypothesized to be related to bacteria present in the snake’s oral cavity. In this investigation, we isolated, identified, and studied the susceptibility to beta-lactams of bacteria sampled from the oral cavity of twenty-six B. lanceolatus specimens collected from various areas in Martinique. Microbiota from B. lanceolatus oral cavity was polymicrobial. Isolated bacteria belonged to fifteen different taxa; the most frequent being Aeromonas hydrophyla (present in 50% of the samples), Morganella morganii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus spp., and Enterococcus spp. Analysis of antibiotic susceptibility revealed that 66.7% of the isolated bacteria were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanate. In contrast, the majority of isolated bacteria were susceptible to the third-generation cephalosporins (i.e., 73.3% with cefotaxime and 80.0% with ceftazidime). Microbiota from B. lanceolatus oral cavity is polymicrobial with bacteria mostly susceptible to third-generation cephalosporins but rarely to amoxicillin/clavulanate. In conclusion, our findings clearly support that first-line antibiotic therapy in the B. lanceolatus-bitten patients, when there is evidence of infection, should include a third-generation cephalosporin rather than amoxicillin/clavulanate.

scholarly journals National Prevalence of Resistance to Third-Generation Cephalosporins in Escherichia coli Isolates from Layer Flocks in France

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 6351-6353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Chauvin ◽  
Laetitia Le Devendec ◽  
Eric Jouy ◽  
Maena Le Cornec ◽  
Sylvie Francart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Gene Control ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
National Prevalence ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

ABSTRACTResistance ofEscherichia colito third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) in fecal samples representative of French egg production was studied. The susceptibility to cefotaxime ofE. coliisolates obtained by culture on nonselective media was determined. Twenty-two nonsusceptible isolates were obtained (7.51%; 95% confidence interval, 4.49 to 10.54%), the majority of which came from young birds. Most isolates carried ablaCTX-M-1group gene, and a few carried ablaCMY-2-like gene. Control of 3GC resistance in laying hens is needed.

scholarly journals Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis Caused byCardiobacterium hominis: A Case Report

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davie Wong ◽  
Julie Carson ◽  
Andrew Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Bacterial Endocarditis ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
First Line ◽  
Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Cardiobacterium hominis, a member of the HACEK group of organisms, is an uncommon but important cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis. First-line therapy is a third-generation cephalosporin due to rare beta-lactamase production. The authors report a case involving endovascular infection due toC hoministhat initially tested resistant to third-generation cephalosporins using an antibiotic gradient strip susceptibility method (nitrocephin negative), but later proved to be susceptible using broth microdilution reference methods (a ‘major’ error). There are limited studies to guide susceptibility testing and interpretive breakpoints forC hominisin the medical literature, and the present case illustrates some of the issues that may arise when performing susceptibility testing for fastidious organisms in the clinical microbiology laboratory.

Impact of restriction of third generation cephalosporins on the burden of third generation cephalosporin resistant K. pneumoniae and E. coli in an ICU

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 862-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Meyer ◽  
Matthias Lapatschek ◽  
Andreas Bechtold ◽  
Gerhard Schwarzkopf ◽  
Petra Gastmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Intrathecal Administration of Amikacin for Treatment of Meningitis Secondary to Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia Coli

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 870-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra L. Preston ◽  
Laurie L. Briceland
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Intrathecal Administration ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Efficacious Treatment ◽  
Clonic Seizures ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of gram-negative bacillary meningitis (GNBM) secondary to cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli that was treated with intrathecal and intravenous amikacin and intravenous imipenem/cilastatin (I/C). CASE SUMMARY: A patient who had undergone two recent neurosurgical procedures developed GNBM and bacteremia. He was treated empirically with ceftazidime. Both bloodstream and cerebrospinal fluid isolates were identified as E. coli, resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, penicillins, tobramycin, and gentamicin. The patient was subsequently treated with intravenous and intrathecal amikacin plus intravenous I/C He experienced subjective and objective improvement on days 2–4 of antimicrobial therapy; two generalized tonic-clonic seizures occurred on days 7 and 12. Intrathecal amikacin was discontinued after 6 days, and intravenous amikacin and I/C were discontinued after 23 and 27 days, respectively. The patient's mental status did not completely return to premeningitis baseline. DISCUSSION: Third-generation cephalosporins are the treatment of choice for GNBM. In the case reported herein, bacterial resistance to these agents prompted the use of a therapy that has not been well studied and is also considered to be less safe and perhaps less efficacious. Treatment of GNBM with an intrathecally administered aminoglycoside or with intravenous I/C plus an aminoglycoside is reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with GNBM secondary to third-generation cephalosporin-resistant organisms may require therapies that may be less effective and more toxic. Further study of alternative agents is warranted.

scholarly journals Comparative Activity of Several Antimicrobial Agents against Nosocomial Gram-Negative Rods Isolated across Canada

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley R Scriver ◽  
Canadian Antimicrobial Resistance Study Group ◽  
Donald E Low
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cephalosporin Resistance ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins ◽  
Group 1

In 1992, a surveillance study was performed in Canada to determine the susceptibility of nosocomial Gram-negative rods to several wide spectrum antimicrobials. Consecutive isolates from 10 institutions, as well as additional strains of selected species of Enterobacteriaceae that are known to possess the Bush group 1 beta-lactamase, were tested for susceptibility to 12 antimicrobials. Third-generation cephalosporin resistance was found to be as high as 29% inEnterobacter cloacaethat possesses the Bush group 1 beta-lactamase and less than 4% in those isolates not possessing this enzyme. Cefepime equalled or exceeded the activity of the third-generation cephalosporins against the species of Enterobacteriaceae that demonstrated resistance to the third-generation cephalosporins.

The Cephalosporin Antibiotic Agents— III. Third-Generation Cephalosporins

1985 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Donald Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Negative Spectrum ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Dosing Intervals ◽  
First And Second Generation

The third-“generation” cephalosporin antibiotics (Table 1) represent a class of agents with an expanded gram-negative spectrum of activity beyond that of the first- and second-“generation” cephalosporins. Greater stability to beta-lactamases produced by gram-negative organisms confers to these agents a greater bactericidal action against the Enterobacteriaceae. Large bacterial inocula (105/ml) in vitro significantly increase the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) explaining treatment failures with these agents in infections associated with large numbers of organisms. The pharmacokinetic features of some of the agents allow prolongation of dosing intervals, and enhanced tissue penetration amplifies their clinical utility in infections distant from the bloodstream (eg, meningitis).

scholarly journals Trends in Antibiotic Consumption and Resistance in France Over 20 Years: Large and Continuous Efforts but Contrasting Results

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Carlet ◽  
Vincent Jarlier ◽  
Jacques Acar ◽  
Olivier Debaere ◽  
Patrick Dehaumont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Antimicrobial Consumption ◽  
Information Campaign ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Public Campaign ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious threat to humanity. This paper describes the French efforts made since 2001 and presents data on antimicrobial consumption (AC) and AMR. Methods We gathered all data on AC and AMR recorded since 2001 from different national agencies, transferred on a regular basis to standardized European data on AC and resistance in both humans and animals. Results After a large information campaign implemented in France from 2001 to 2005 in humans, AC in the community decreased significantly (18% to 34% according to the calculation method used). It remained at the same level from 2005 to 2010 and increased again from 2010 to 2018 (8%). Contrasting results were observed for AMR. The resistance of Staphylococcus aureus decreased significantly. For gram-negative bacilli, the results were variable according to the microorganism. The resistance of Enterobacteriaceae to third-generation cephalosporins increased, remaining moderate for Escherichia coli (12% in 2017) but reaching 35% in the same year for Klebsiella pneumoniae. Resistance to carbapenems in those 2 microorganisms remained below 1%. Both global AC and resistance to most antibiotics decreased significantly in animals. Conclusions Antibiotic consumption decreased significantly in France after a large public campaign from 2001 to 2005, but this positive effect was temporary. The effect on AMR varied according to the specific microorganism: The effect was very impressive for gram-positive cocci, variable for gram-negative bacilli, and moderate for E. coli, but that for K. pneumoniae was of concern. The consumption of and resistance to antibiotics decreased significantly in animals.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance of selected invasive bacteria in a tertiary care center: results of a prospective surveillance study

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1325-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivera Djuric ◽  
Snezana Jovanovic ◽  
Branka Stosovic ◽  
Tanja Tosic ◽  
Milica Jovanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Aminoglycoside Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Clinically Relevant Bacteria

Introduction: We aimed to report the distribution and resistance patterns of eight invasive clinically relevant bacteria surveyed in the Clinical Center of Serbia (CCS) in Belgrade. Methodology: A total of 477 clinical blood stream isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter spp. were collected in the period from January to December 2013. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using standard methods and interpreted using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoint criteria. Results: Acinetobacter spp. was the most prevalent bacteria encountered (37%), followed by K. pneumoniae (25.7%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 92.5% of all isolates. Out of 177 strains of Acinetobacter spp., 97.7% were resistant to fluoroquinolones and carbapenems. Resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and third-generation cephalosporins was 97.1%, 95.4%, and 95.8% among K. pneumoniae and 21.4%, 21.7%, and 31% among E. coli isolates, respectively. In total, 65.1% of K. pneumoniae and 12.1% of E. coli isolates were determined to be extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) positive. High-level aminoglycoside resistance of E. faecalis was 71.4%, and glycopeptide resistance of E. faecium was 95%. Out of 66 strains of S. aureus, 63.4% were methicillin resistant. Conclusions: The majority of bloodstream isolates of clinically relevant bacteria in CCS were multidrug resistant. The biggest concerns are carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp., K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa; third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli; vancomycin-resistant E. faecium; and methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Stricter measures of infection control and antibiotic use are needed.

scholarly journals The Epidemiology of Meningitis in Infants under 90 Days of Age in a Large Pediatric Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 526
Author(s):  
Timothy A. Erickson ◽  
Flor M. Munoz ◽  
Catherine L. Troisi ◽  
Melissa S. Nolan ◽  
Rodrigo Hasbun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Viral Meningitis ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Group B ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Background: Meningitis is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly in the first three months of life. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients <90 days of age with meningitis at Texas Children’s Hospital from 2010–2017. Cases were confirmed using the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definition of meningitis. Results: Among 694 infants with meningitis, the most common etiology was viral (n = 351; 51%), primarily caused by enterovirus (n = 332; 95%). A quarter of cases were caused by bacterial infections (n = 190; 27%). The most common cause of bacterial meningitis was group B Streptococcus (GBS, n = 60; 32%), followed by Gram-negative rods other than E. coli (n = 40; 21%), and E. coli (n = 37; 19%). The majority of Gram-negative organisms (63%) were resistant to ampicillin, and nearly one-fourth of Gram-negative rods (23%) other than E. coli and 2 (6%) E. coli isolates were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. Significant risk factors for bacterial meningitis were early preterm birth and the Black race. Conclusions: Enteroviruses most commonly caused viral meningitis in infants; GBS was the most common bacterial cause despite universal screening and intrapartum prophylaxis. The emergence of MRSA and resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in Gram-negative bacterial meningitis challenges the options for empirical antimicrobial therapy.

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