Reduced Lean Body Mass and Cardiometabolic Diseases in Adult Males with Overweight and Obesity: A Pilot Study

Little is known about the reduction in lean body mass (LBM) and its health consequences in overweight and in obesity, especially in males. Therefore, we aimed to assess the prevalence of low LBM in treatment-seeking adult males with overweight and obesity and the association with cardiometabolic diseases, i.e., type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and dyslipidemia. A body composition assessment was conducted by a bio-impedance analyzer (InBody 170) among a total of 110 males, of whom 72 were overweight and obese and were referred to the Outpatient Clinic in the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics at Beirut Arab University (BAU) in Lebanon, and 38 were normal-weight participants of similar ages. The participants with overweight and obesity were then categorized as being with or without low LBM. Of the sample of 72 participants, 50 (69.4%) met the criteria for reduced LBM and displayed a significantly higher prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases (i.e., type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and dyslipidemia) than those with normal LBM (36.0% vs. 9.1%; p = 0.019). Logistic regression analysis showed that low LBM increases the odds of having cardiometabolic diseases by nearly 550% (odds ratio (OR) = 5.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.31–26.39, p < 0.05) after adjusting for total fat and central adiposity. Treatment-seeking adult males with overweight and obesity displayed a great prevalence of reduced LBM, which seems to be strongly associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.

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DIABETES OR OBESITY; MAJOR EFFECTOR OF ALTERED LEVELS OF GHRELIN AND LEPTIN

10.36106/ijsr/2604593 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 55-59

Author(s):

Lakshmi G.L ◽

Shruti Dasgupta ◽

Mohammed Salman ◽

Sanjay K. R

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Independent Effect ◽

Mass Percentage ◽

Obesity And Diabetes ◽

Obese Subjects

Background: Ghrelin and leptin are the key hormones involved in the energy homeostasis and plays a relevant role in regulating hunger and satiety stimuli afferent to the brain. Abnormalities in the levels of ghrelin and leptin are often associated with the obesity and type 2 diabetes complications. However, there are no studies clarifying whether ghrelin and leptin levels have stronger association with obesity or Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Aims:To evaluate and compare the independent effect of major dening factors of obesity and diabetes on ghrelin and leptin concentrations. Materials And Methods: Anthropometric measures such as height, weight, waist (WC) and hip circumference (HC), Body mass index (BMI), Basal metabolic rate (BMR), fat percentage, lean body mass, were taken. Assessed daily physical activity and energy intake. Biochemical parameters such as fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, HBA1c, ghrelin, leptin and insulin levels were measured. Statistical Analysis: One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Chi-square (χ2) test Pearson's correlation coefcients, Multiple stepwise linear regression model analysis were performed. Result: The diabetic subjects irrespective of obesity showed signicantly higher waist to hip ratio, HOMAIR levels of fasting blood glucose, postprandial glucose and signicantly lower levels of Ghrelin than non-diabetics. Similarly, obese subjects irrespective of diabetes have signicantly higher BMR and higher levels of Leptin than non-diabetics. Asignicantly higher BMI, fat mass percentage and lower lean body mass percentage were observed in obese subjects irrespective of diabetes than non-obese subjects. Among non-obese, diabetics have higher BMI, Fat mass percentage and lower lean body mass percentage. The levels of insulin were signicantly higher in diabetic obese subjects. HOMAIR (P≤0.0001) and Postprandial glucose (P≤0.05) showed negative independent effect and QUICKI (P≤0.0001) showed positive independent effect on the levels of ghrelin. BMI (P≤0.05) showed a positive effect and lean body mass percentage (P≤0.0001) showed an inverse effect on levels of leptin. Conclusion: It is evident from the study that low levels of ghrelin are predominantly associated with diabetes parameters when compared to parameters of obesity and on the contrary increased leptin levels have much stronger association with measures of obesity than diabetes. Evidence of altered leptin and ghrelin levels in these disorders infers vice versa, their respective roles in obesity and lean diabetes.

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Dietary protein and exercise for preservation of lean mass and perspectives on type 2 diabetes prevention

Experimental Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1177/1535370219861910 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 244 (12) ◽

pp. 992-1004

Author(s):

Maysa Vieira de Sousa ◽

Diana Bento da Silva Soares ◽

Elaine Reis Caraça ◽

Ronaldo Cardoso

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

The Elderly ◽

Sarcopenic Obesity ◽

Nutritional Interventions

Sedentary lifestyle and aging favor the increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes and their comorbidities. The loss of lean body mass reduces muscle strength, resulting in impaired functional capacity and leading to increased risks of chronic diseases with advancing age. Besides aging, conditions such as inappetence, social isolation, and inadequate dietary intake cause the loss of lean body mass and increased abdominal fatty mass, resulting in sarcopenic obesity and predisposition to type 2 diabetes. Compared to younger people, this condition is more common in the elderly owing to natural changes in body composition associated with aging. Lifestyle changes such as increased physical activity and improved dietary behaviors are effective for preventing the occurrence of comorbidities. Regarding muscle nutrition, besides caloric adequacy, meeting the requirements for the consumption of dietary amino acids and proteins is important for treating sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity because muscle tissue mainly consists of proteins and is, therefore, the largest reservoir of amino acids in the body. Thus, this review discusses the effects of dietary protein on the preservation of lean body mass, improvements in the functional capacity of muscle tissue, and prevention of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. In addition, we address the effects of regular physical training associated with dietary protein strategies on lean body mass, body fat loss, and muscle strength in the elderly at a risk for type 2 diabetes development. Impact statement Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide health problem associated with obesity and sedentary lifestyle, which predisposes affected individuals to mortality and morbidity. Additionally, aging and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors increase inflammation and insulin resistance, contributing to the reduction of cytokines related to muscle nutrition and the suppression of lipogenesis, resulting in the development of sarcopenic obesity. One strategy for the prevention of T2D is the avoidance of secondary aging by participating in healthy action programs, including exercise and nutritional interventions. This minireview of several studies demonstrates the impact of physical activity and nutritional interventions on gaining or preserving muscle mass and on the functional aspects of muscles with aging. It provides information on the effect of protein, leucine, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB), and creatine supplementation on muscle mass, strength, and volume gain and on the prevention of the progressive decrease in muscle mass with aging in combination with maintaining regular physical activity.

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Associations between Dietary Polyphenols and Type 2 Diabetes in a Cross-Sectional Analysis of the PREDIMED-Plus Trial: Role of Body Mass Index and Sex

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8110537 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 537 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Anna Tresserra-Rimbau ◽

Sara Castro-Barquero ◽

Facundo Vitelli-Storelli ◽

Nerea Becerra-Tomas ◽

Zenaida Vázquez-Ruiz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Polyphenols ◽

Cross Sectional Analysis ◽

Sectional Analysis

Overweight and obesity are important risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Moving towards healthier diets, namely, diets rich in bioactive compounds, could decrease the odds of suffering T2D. However, those individuals with high body mass index (BMI) may have altered absorption or metabolism of some nutrients and dietary components, including polyphenols. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether high intakes of some classes of polyphenols are associated with T2D in a population with metabolic syndrome and how these associations depend on BMI and sex. This baseline cross-sectional analysis includes 6633 participants from the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Polyphenol intakes were calculated from food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). Cox regression models with constant time at risk and robust variance estimators were used to estimate the prevalence ratios (PRs) for polyphenol intake and T2D prevalence using the lowest quartile as the reference group. Analyses were stratified by sex and BMI groups (overweight and obese) to evaluate potential effect modification. Catechins, proanthocyanidins, hydroxybenzoic acids, and lignans were inversely associated with T2D. Hydroxycinnamic acids were directly related in men. These associations were different depending on sex and BMI, that is, women and overweight obtained stronger inverse associations.

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Association between Sarcopenic Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Hypertension in Overweight and Obese Treatment-Seeking Adult Women

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease ◽

10.3390/jcdd5040051 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 51 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Dima Kreidieh ◽

Leila Itani ◽

Dana El Masri ◽

Hana Tannir ◽

Roberto Citarella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Sarcopenic Obesity ◽

Treatment Seeking ◽

Adult Women ◽

Obese Women ◽

Body Composition Assessment ◽

Nutrition And Dietetics

The last decade has seen a new condition that describes the coexistence of obesity and sarcopenia, termed sarcopenic obesity (SO). We aimed to assess the prevalence of SO in overweight and obese treatment-seeking adult women and the association with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. A body composition assessment was conducted with an InBody bioimpedance analyser in 154 overweight and obese women referred to the Outpatient Clinic in the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics at Beirut Arab University (BAU) in Lebanon, and 30 normal-weight participants of similar age. The overweight and obese patients were then categorized as being with or without sarcopenia. Thirty-one out of the 154 overweight or obese participants met the criteria for SO and displayed a significantly higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes and hypertension than those without SO. Logistic regression analysis showed that SO increases the odds of having type 2 diabetes and hypertension by nearly 550% (odds ratio = 5.42, 95% confidence interval = 1.37–21.40, p < 0.05) after adjusting for central fat, eating habits, level of physical activity, and smoking. SO affects nearly 20% of treatment-seeking overweight and obese adult women. Moreover, SO seems to be strongly associated with type 2 diabetes and hypertension.

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A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS COMPARING DIFFERENT FACTORS BETWEEN LEAN BODY WEIGHT, NON OBESE AND OBESE PATIENTS IN WESTERN UTTAR PRADESH

Journal of Current Medical Research and Opinion ◽

10.15520/jcmro.v3i01.248 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (01) ◽

pp. 404-407

Author(s):

Manish Shrivastav ◽

Nihit Kharkwal ◽

Alankar Tiwari ◽

Keshav Kumar Gupta

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Lean Body Weight

Introduction- Incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus has been increased quite rapidly from last decade. It was thought previously that obesity is one of the major predisposing risk factor and complications of diabetes would be more common and fatal in obese persons with diabetes, but it has been shown in more recent studies that some of the factors and peculiarities are much more common in patients with lean body mass. Material and methods- This study was done in a tertiary care centre of western Uttar Pradesh over 240 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus that were divided into three categories in equal proportion considering their body mass index (lean , non obese and obese ). Some of the factors like urine microscopy, fasting and post prandial glucose level, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid profile and kidney functions were studied to find out the difference in level of above mentioned factors in these groups. Results- Fasting blood glucose, post prandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin level, and triglyceride level came to be signinifiacntly higher in lean body mass group as compared to other two groups. As far as renal status is concerned there was no significant variation in different groups of diabetes mellitus. Conclusion- Present study showed that lean body weight type of type 2 diabetes mellitus are definitely different subset of population of type 2 diabetes mellitus with clinical characteristics different from other subtype i.e. non obese and obese in this region of country. Introduction- Incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus has been increased quite rapidly from last decade. It was thought previously that obesity is one of the major predisposing risk factor and complications of diabetes would be more common and fatal in obese persons with diabetes, but it has been shown in more recent studies that some of the factors and peculiarities are much more common in patients with lean body mass. Material and methods- This study was done in a tertiary care centre of western Uttar Pradesh over 240 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus that were divided into three categories in equal proportion considering their body mass index (lean , non obese and obese ). Some of the factors like urine microscopy, fasting and post prandial glucose level, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid profile and kidney functions were studied to find out the difference in level of above mentioned factors in these groups. Results- Fasting blood glucose, post prandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin level, and triglyceride level came to be signinifiacntly higher in lean body mass group as compared to other two groups. As far as renal status is concerned there was no significant variation in different groups of diabetes mellitus. Conclusion- Present study showed that lean body weight type of type 2 diabetes mellitus are definitely different subset of population of type 2 diabetes mellitus with clinical characteristics different from other subtype i.e. non obese and obese in this region of country. Introduction- Incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus has been increased quite rapidly from last decade. It was thought previously that obesity is one of the major predisposing risk factor and complications of diabetes would be more common and fatal in obese persons with diabetes, but it has been shown in more recent studies that some of the factors and peculiarities are much more common in patients with lean body mass. Material and methods- This study was done in a tertiary care centre of western Uttar Pradesh over 240 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus that were divided into three categories in equal proportion considering their body mass index (lean , non obese and obese ). Some of the factors like urine microscopy, fasting and post prandial glucose level, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid profile and kidney functions were studied to find out the difference in level of above mentioned factors in these groups. Results- Fasting blood glucose, post prandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin level, and triglyceride level came to be signinifiacntly higher in lean body mass group as compared to other two groups. As far as renal status is concerned there was no significant variation in different groups of diabetes mellitus. Conclusion- Present study showed that lean body weight type of type 2 diabetes mellitus are definitely different subset of population of type 2 diabetes mellitus with clinical characteristics different from other subtype i.e. non obese and obese in this region of country.

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Lean body mass and risk of type 2 diabetes - a Danish cohort study

Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders ◽

10.1007/s40200-019-00438-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 445-451 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christine Friis Baker ◽

Kim Overvad ◽

Christina Catherine Dahm

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Danish Cohort

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Is Lean Body Mass Index Associated with Liver Fat in Youth at Risk of Type 2 diabetes?

Canadian Journal of Diabetes ◽

10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.08.022 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

pp. S9

Author(s):

Martin Sénéchal ◽

Brandy Wicklow ◽

Kristy Wittmeier ◽

Jacqueline Hay ◽

Andrea C. Macintosh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

At Risk ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Liver Fat ◽

Youth At Risk

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Association of Predicted Lean Body Mass and Fat Mass With Incident Diabetic Nephropathy in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Post Hoc Analysis of ACCORD Trial

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2021.719666 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Nyarko Hukportie ◽

Fu-Rong Li ◽

Rui Zhou ◽

Meng-Chen Zou ◽

Xiao-Xiang Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Accord Study ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Specific Association ◽

Post Hoc

BackgroundLean body mass (LBM) and fat mass (FM) have been shown to have different associations with several chronic diseases but little is known about the sex-specific association of LBM and FM with diabetic nephropathy (DN) risk among participants with diabetes.MethodsParticipants from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study was used in a post hoc analysis to examine the association of predicted LBM index (LBMI) and FM index (FMI) with incident DN risk (defined as a composite outcome of three types of predefined DN). Because of sex differences in body composition, analyses were conducted separately using sex-specific quartiles of predicted LBMI and FMI.ResultsOf the 9,022 participants with type 2 diabetes (5,575 men and 3,447 women) included in this study, 5,374 individuals developed DN (3,396 in men and 1,978 in women). Higher quartiles of LBMI were associated with a reduced risk of DN while higher quartiles of FMI were associated with an increased higher risk of DN among men but not women. Compared with the lowest quartile, the fully adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)for the highest quartile of predicted LBMI and FMI were respectively 0.83 (95% CI 1.71 – 0.96) and 1.23 (95% CI 1.06-1.43) among men; and 0.92 (95% CI 0.63 – 1.33) and 1.14 (95% CI 0.79 – 1.63) among women.ConclusionsAmong participants with diabetes, predicted LBMI was inversely associated with risk of DN while predicted FMI was positively associated with an increased risk of incident DN among men but not women. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov., no. NCT00000620.

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