Association between Sarcopenic Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Hypertension in Overweight and Obese Treatment-Seeking Adult Women

The last decade has seen a new condition that describes the coexistence of obesity and sarcopenia, termed sarcopenic obesity (SO). We aimed to assess the prevalence of SO in overweight and obese treatment-seeking adult women and the association with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. A body composition assessment was conducted with an InBody bioimpedance analyser in 154 overweight and obese women referred to the Outpatient Clinic in the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics at Beirut Arab University (BAU) in Lebanon, and 30 normal-weight participants of similar age. The overweight and obese patients were then categorized as being with or without sarcopenia. Thirty-one out of the 154 overweight or obese participants met the criteria for SO and displayed a significantly higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes and hypertension than those without SO. Logistic regression analysis showed that SO increases the odds of having type 2 diabetes and hypertension by nearly 550% (odds ratio = 5.42, 95% confidence interval = 1.37–21.40, p < 0.05) after adjusting for central fat, eating habits, level of physical activity, and smoking. SO affects nearly 20% of treatment-seeking overweight and obese adult women. Moreover, SO seems to be strongly associated with type 2 diabetes and hypertension.

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Dietary Copper-Zinc Ratio and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Women: The E3N Cohort Study

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa061_059 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1431-1431

Author(s):

Nasser Laouali ◽

Conor-James MacDonald ◽

Douae El Fatouhi ◽

Francesca Romana Mancini ◽

Guy Fagherazzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Trace Elements ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Obese Women

Abstract Objectives Trace elements are essential minerals that are required for a variety of biological processes. Zinc (Zn) is a trace element involved in many biological processes including regulation of insulin and glycaemia. It has been suggested that the serum copper (Cu) to Zn ratio could be of importance towards risk of diabetes. However, little is known about the effect of suboptimal intakes of these two competitive trace elements. We aimed to investigate the association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) incidence and the dietary Cu-Zn, ratio. Methods A total of 70,991 women from the E3N (Etude Epidémiologique auprès de femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale) cohort study were followed for 20 years. The individual daily energy-adjusted intakes of Cu and Zn were estimated at baseline using a validated food frequency questionnaire. T2D cases were identified and validated using diabetes-specific questionnaires and drug reimbursement insurance databases. Multivariable Cox regression models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between dietary Cu-Zn ratio intakes and T2D risk. Interactions were tested between Cu-Zn ratio and smoking status and BMI on incident T2D. Results A total of 3292 incident T2D cases were identified during follow-up. A lower Cu-Zn ratio was associated with a lower risk of T2D. Compared to the 1st quintile group, women from the 2nd (HR 0.87 [95% CI 0.78, 0.97]) and 3rd (HR 0.89 [95% CI 0.79, 0.99]) quintile groups had a lower risk of T2D. Spline analysis showed that a Cu-Zn ratio intake < 0.30 was associated with a lower risk of T2D and that there was no departure from a linear association (P = 0.1180). There was an interaction between the Cu-Zn ratio and BMI on T2D risk (pInteraction = 0.0010) but not smoking status (pInteraction = 0.6956). Cu-Zn ratio was positively associated with T2D only in obese women, but not in normal-weight or overweight women. Conclusions Our findings suggest that a lower dietary Cu-Zn ratio intake is associated with a lower T2D risk, especially among obese women. Further studies are warranted to validate our results and determine whether the associations are similar in men. Funding Sources This work was supported by a grant for the E4N study project by the Agence Nationale de Recherche and by a grant for the Nutriperso Project (IDEX Paris Saclay).

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Reduced Lean Body Mass and Cardiometabolic Diseases in Adult Males with Overweight and Obesity: A Pilot Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph15122754 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 2754 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Shirine Khazem ◽

Leila Itani ◽

Dima Kreidieh ◽

Dana El Masri ◽

Hana Tannir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Treatment Seeking ◽

Adult Males ◽

Body Composition Assessment ◽

Cardiometabolic Diseases

Little is known about the reduction in lean body mass (LBM) and its health consequences in overweight and in obesity, especially in males. Therefore, we aimed to assess the prevalence of low LBM in treatment-seeking adult males with overweight and obesity and the association with cardiometabolic diseases, i.e., type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and dyslipidemia. A body composition assessment was conducted by a bio-impedance analyzer (InBody 170) among a total of 110 males, of whom 72 were overweight and obese and were referred to the Outpatient Clinic in the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics at Beirut Arab University (BAU) in Lebanon, and 38 were normal-weight participants of similar ages. The participants with overweight and obesity were then categorized as being with or without low LBM. Of the sample of 72 participants, 50 (69.4%) met the criteria for reduced LBM and displayed a significantly higher prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases (i.e., type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and dyslipidemia) than those with normal LBM (36.0% vs. 9.1%; p = 0.019). Logistic regression analysis showed that low LBM increases the odds of having cardiometabolic diseases by nearly 550% (odds ratio (OR) = 5.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.31–26.39, p < 0.05) after adjusting for total fat and central adiposity. Treatment-seeking adult males with overweight and obesity displayed a great prevalence of reduced LBM, which seems to be strongly associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.

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Associations of maternal early-pregnancy blood glucose and insulin concentrations with DNA methylation in newborns

Clinical Epigenetics ◽

10.1186/s13148-020-00924-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Madelon L. Geurtsen ◽

Vincent W. V. Jaddoe ◽

Romy Gaillard ◽

Janine F. Felix

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Dna Methylation ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Obese Women ◽

Differentially Methylated Regions ◽

Adult Type

Abstract Background Intrauterine exposure to a disturbed maternal glucose metabolism is associated with adverse offspring outcomes. DNA methylation is a potential mechanism underlying these associations. We examined whether maternal early-pregnancy glucose and insulin concentrations are associated with newborn DNA methylation. In a population-based prospective cohort study among 935 pregnant women, maternal plasma concentrations of non-fasting glucose and insulin were measured at a median of 13.1 weeks of gestation (95% range 9.4–17.4). DNA methylation was measured using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (Ilumina). We analyzed associations of maternal early-pregnancy glucose and insulin concentrations with single-CpG DNA methylation using robust linear regression models. Differentially methylated regions were analyzed using the dmrff package in R. We stratified the analyses on normal weight versus overweight or obese women. We also performed a look-up of CpGs and differently methylated regions from previous studies to be associated with maternal gestational diabetes, hyperglycemia or hyperinsulinemia, or with type 2 diabetes in adults. Results Maternal early-pregnancy glucose and insulin concentrations were not associated with DNA methylation at single CpGs nor with differentially methylated regions in the total group. In analyses stratified on maternal BMI, maternal early-pregnancy glucose concentrations were associated with DNA methylation at one CpG (cg03617420, XKR6) among normal weight women and at another (cg12081946, IL17D) among overweight or obese women. No stratum-specific associations were found for maternal early-pregnancy insulin concentrations. The two CpGs were not associated with birth weight or childhood glycemic measures (p values > 0.1). Maternal early-pregnancy insulin concentrations were associated with one CpG known to be related to adult type 2 diabetes. Enrichment among nominally significant findings in our maternal early-pregnancy glucose concentrations was found for CpGs identified in a previous study on adult type 2 diabetes. Conclusions Maternal early-pregnancy glucose concentrations, but not insulin concentrations, were associated with DNA methylation at one CpG each in the subgroups of normal weight and of overweight or obese women. No associations were present in the full group. The role of these CpGs in mechanisms underlying offspring health outcomes needs further study. Future studies should replicate our results in larger samples with early-pregnancy information on maternal fasting glucose metabolism.

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Leptin may enhance hepatic insulin sensitivity in children and women born small for gestational age

Endocrine Connections ◽

10.1530/ec-12-0071 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 38-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Anna Kistner ◽

Mireille Vanpée ◽

Kerstin Hall

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Regression Line ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Compensatory Mechanism ◽

Adult Women ◽

Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity

Objective Children born small for gestational age (SGA) are at risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Lipodystrophy leads to early type 2 diabetes and leptin reverses the metabolic consequences of the disease. Low IGF-binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) can predict the development of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine leptin, insulin, and IGFBP1 in children and adult women born preterm or SGA to evaluate the role of leptin as a compensatory mechanism in insulin resistance development. Methods Seventy-six children (8.5–10 years, 41 girls and 35 boys) and 45 women (23–30 years) were studied. The children comprised subjects born appropriate for gestational age (<30 gestational weeks) (n=22), born SGA at term (n=23), and full-term normal-weight controls (n=31). Among the women, the corresponding figures were, n=10, n=18, and n=17 respectively. Fasting levels of IGFBP1, leptin, insulin, and IGF1 were determined and total adiponectin only in women. Results In girls and women, term SGA subjects had higher leptin levels in relation to BMI SDS (P=0.042 and P=0.03 respectively). More than half of IGFBP1 variability was explained by leptin and insulin in children. In term SGA women, IGFBP1 level was lower compared with controls (P=0.012) and the regression line of IGFBP1 on insulin was suppressed below −1 s.d. of a reference material. Conclusion Leptin levels were elevated in term SGA girls and women, in particular in adult women, but not found in preterm girls and women. IGFBP1 was lower in term SGA women. In children, leptin and insulin were strong suppressors of IGFBP1. We speculate that higher leptin levels could be a protective event to enhance hepatic insulin sensitivity.

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Multivariate Statistical Approach for Nephrines in Women with Obesity

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26051393 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 1393

Author(s):

Ralitsa Robeva ◽

Miroslava Nedyalkova ◽

Georgi Kirilov ◽

Atanaska Elenkova ◽

Sabina Zacharieva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Stress Response ◽

Exploratory Data Analysis ◽

Principal Component ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Obese Women ◽

Exploratory Data

Catecholamines are physiological regulators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism during stress, but their chronic influence on metabolic changes in obese patients is still not clarified. The present study aimed to establish the associations between the catecholamine metabolites and metabolic syndrome (MS) components in obese women as well as to reveal the possible hidden subgroups of patients through hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The 24-h urine excretion of metanephrine and normetanephrine was investigated in 150 obese women (54 non diabetic without MS, 70 non-diabetic with MS and 26 with type 2 diabetes). The interrelations between carbohydrate disturbances, metabolic syndrome components and stress response hormones were studied. Exploratory data analysis was used to determine different patterns of similarities among the patients. Normetanephrine concentrations were significantly increased in postmenopausal patients and in women with morbid obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension but not with prediabetes. Both metanephrine and normetanephrine levels were positively associated with glucose concentrations one hour after glucose load irrespectively of the insulin levels. The exploratory data analysis showed different risk subgroups among the investigated obese women. The development of predictive tools that include not only traditional metabolic risk factors, but also markers of stress response systems might help for specific risk estimation in obesity patients.

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The Role of Lifestyle, Eating Habits and Social Environment in the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13051460 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1460

Author(s):

Kalliopi Karatzi ◽

Yannis Manios

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Social Environment ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Health Problems ◽

Major Health ◽

The Past ◽

Prevention And Treatment

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and hypertension are major health problems, with an undisputed growth burden in the past decades [...]

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Life-course trajectories of weight and their impact on the incidence of type 2 diabetes

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91910-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Diego Yacamán-Méndez ◽

Ylva Trolle-Lagerros ◽

Minhao Zhou ◽

Antonio Monteiro Ponce de Leon ◽

Hrafnhildur Gudjonsdottir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Life Course ◽

Risk Ratio ◽

Absolute Risk ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Incident Cases

AbstractAlthough exposure to overweight and obesity at different ages is associated to a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, the effect of different patterns of exposure through life remains unclear. We aimed to characterize life-course trajectories of weight categories and estimate their impact on the incidence of type 2 diabetes. We categorized the weight of 7203 participants as lean, normal or overweight at five time-points from ages 7–55 using retrospective data. Participants were followed for an average of 19 years for the development of type 2 diabetes. We used latent class analysis to describe distinctive trajectories and estimated the risk ratio, absolute risk difference and population attributable fraction (PAF) associated to different trajectories using Poisson regression. We found five distinctive life-course trajectories. Using the stable-normal weight trajectory as reference, the stable overweight, lean increasing weight, overweight from early adulthood and overweight from late adulthood trajectories were associated to higher risk of type 2 diabetes. The estimated risk ratios and absolute risk differences were statistically significant for all trajectories, except for the risk ratio of the lean increasing trajectory group among men. Of the 981 incident cases of type 2 diabetes, 47.4% among women and 42.9% among men were attributable to exposure to any life-course trajectory different from stable normal weight. Most of the risk was attributable to trajectories including overweight or obesity at any point of life (36.8% of the cases among women and 36.7% among men). The overweight from early adulthood trajectory had the highest impact (PAF: 23.2% for woman and 28.5% for men). We described five distinctive life-course trajectories of weight that were associated to increased risk of type 2 diabetes over 19 years of follow-up. The variability of the effect of exposure to overweight and obesity on the risk of developing type 2 diabetes was largely explained by exposure to the different life-course trajectories of weight.

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Dietary Copper/Zinc Ratio and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Women: The E3N Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13082502 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2502

Author(s):

Nasser Laouali ◽

Conor-James MacDonald ◽

Sanam Shah ◽

Douae El Fatouhi ◽

Francesca Romana Mancini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Important Determinant ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Serum Copper ◽

Obese Women ◽

Dietary Copper ◽

Zinc Intake ◽

Copper Zinc

The serum copper (Cu) to zinc (Zn) ratio could be an important determinant of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, but prospective epidemiological data are scarce. We aimed to investigate the association between T2D incidence and the dietary Cu/Zn ratio. A total of 70,991 women from the E3N cohort study were followed for 20 years. The intakes of copper and zinc were estimated at baseline using a validated food frequency questionnaire. We identified and validated 3292 incident T2D cases. Spline analysis showed that a Cu/Zn ratio < 0.55 was associated with a lower risk of T2D. Subgroup analyses comparing women in the highest versus the lowest quintile of Cu/Zn ratio showed the same pattern of association for obese women and those with zinc intake ≥8 mg/day. However, for women with zinc intake <8 mg/day, higher Cu/Zn ratio appeared to be associated with higher T2D risk. Our findings suggest that a lower dietary Cu/Zn ratio is associated with a lower T2D risk, especially among obese women and women with zinc intake >8 mg/day. Further studies are warranted to validate our results.

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