scholarly journals Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Air-Conditioning Systems in Hospitals, Farms, and Residences

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaying Li ◽  
Hongkai Liao ◽  
Huaiying Yao
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Significant Difference

High-throughput quantitative PCR combined with Illumina sequencing and network analysis were used to characterize the antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) profiles in air-conditioning filters from different environments. In total, 177 ARGs comprising 10 ARG types were determined. The detectable numbers and the relative abundance of ARGs in hospitals and farms were significantly higher than those in city and village residences. Compared to hospitals, farms had a higher level of tetracycline, multidrug, integrase, and macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin (MLS) B resistance genes but a lower level of beta-lactam resistance genes. The bl3_cpha gene was the most abundant resistance gene subtype in hospital samples with an abundance of 2.01 × 10−4 copies/16S rRNA, while a level of only 5.08 × 10−12 copies/16S rRNA was observed in farm samples. There was no significant difference in bacterial diversity among the hospitals, farms, and residences, and Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum. Network analysis revealed that Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were possible hosts of the beta-lactam, MLSB, aminoglycoside, multidrug, sulfonamide, and tetracycline resistance genes. The results demonstrate that ARGs exist in indoor environments and that farms and hospitals are important sources. This study provides a useful reference for understanding the distribution patterns and risk management of ARGs in indoor environments.

scholarly journals Longitudinal assessment of antibiotic resistance gene profiles from the infant gut microbiome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Loo ◽  
Amanda Zain ◽  
Gaik Chin Yap ◽  
Rikky W Purbojati ◽  
Daniela I Drautz-Moses ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Background: The rapid spread of multidrug- resistant pathogenic bacteria is a worldwide public health concern. Given the high carriage rate of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)- producing Enterobacteriaceae in Asia, we aimed to evaluate community prevalence and dynamics by studying the longitudinal changes in antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) profiles and prevalence of ESBL-producing E coli and K. pneumoniae in the intestinal microbiome of infants participating in the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) study, a longitudinal cohort study of pregnant women and their infants. Methods: We analysed the antibiotic resistance genes profile in the first year of life among 75 infants who had stool samples collected at multiple timepoints using metagenomics. Results: The mean number of ARGs per infant increased with age. The most common ARGs identified confer resistance to aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, macrolide and tetracycline antibiotics; all infants harboured these antibiotic resistance genes at some point in the first year of life. Few ARGs persisted throughout the first year of life. Beta-lactam resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were detected in 4 (5.3%) and 32 (42.7%) of subjects respectively. Conclusion: In this longitudinal cohort study of healthy infants living in a region with high endemic antibacterial resistance, we demonstrate that majority of the infants harboured a number of antibiotic resistance genes in their gut and showed that the infant gut resistome is diverse and dynamic over the first year of life.

scholarly journals Metagenomics Analysis Reveals the Microbial Communities, Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Diversity and Potential Pathogen Transmission Risk of Two Different Landfills in China

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Shan Wan ◽  
Min Xia ◽  
Jie Tao ◽  
Yanjun Pang ◽  
Fugen Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Gene

In this study, we used a metagenomic approach to analyze microbial communities, antibiotic resistance gene diversity, and human pathogenic bacterium composition in two typical landfills in China. Results showed that the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were predominant in the two landfills, and archaea and fungi were also detected. The genera Methanoculleus, Lysobacter, and Pseudomonas were predominantly present in all samples. sul2, sul1, tetX, and adeF were the four most abundant antibiotic resistance genes. Sixty-nine bacterial pathogens were identified from the two landfills, with Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bordetella pertussis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus cereus as the major pathogenic microorganisms, indicating the existence of potential environmental risk in landfills. In addition, KEGG pathway analysis indicated the presence of antibiotic resistance genes typically associated with human antibiotic resistance bacterial strains. These results provide insights into the risk of pathogens in landfills, which is important for controlling the potential secondary transmission of pathogens and reducing workers’ health risk during landfill excavation.

scholarly journals Molecular Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance Gene Clusters in Vibrio cholerae O139 and O1 SXT Constins

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 2991-3000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Hochhut ◽  
Yasmin Lotfi ◽  
Didier Mazel ◽  
Shah M. Faruque ◽  
Roger Woodgate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O139 ◽  
El Tor

ABSTRACT Many recent Asian clinical Vibrio cholerae E1 Tor O1 and O139 isolates are resistant to the antibiotics sulfamethoxazole (Su), trimethoprim (Tm), chloramphenicol (Cm), and streptomycin (Sm). The corresponding resistance genes are located on large conjugative elements (SXT constins) that are integrated into prfC on the V. cholerae chromosome. We determined the DNA sequences of the antibiotic resistance genes in the SXT constin in MO10, an O139 isolate. In SXTMO10, these genes are clustered within a composite transposon-like structure found near the element's 5′ end. The genes conferring resistance to Cm (floR), Su (sulII), and Sm (strA and strB) correspond to previously described genes, whereas the gene conferring resistance to Tm, designated dfr18, is novel. In some other O139 isolates the antibiotic resistance gene cluster was found to be deleted from the SXT-related constin. The El Tor O1 SXT constin, SXTET, does not contain the same resistance genes as SXTMO10. In this constin, the Tm resistance determinant was located nearly 70 kbp away from the other resistance genes and found in a novel type of integron that constitutes a fourth class of resistance integrons. These studies indicate that there is considerable flux in the antibiotic resistance genes found in the SXT family of constins and point to a model for the evolution of these related mobile elements.

scholarly journals Longitudinal assessment of antibiotic resistance gene profiles in gut microbiomes of infants at risk of eczema

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Loo ◽  
Amanda Zain ◽  
Gaik Chin Yap ◽  
Rikky W Purbojati ◽  
Daniela I Drautz-Moses ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
First Year ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Background While there is increasing knowledge about the gut microbiome, the factors influencing and the significance of the gut resistome are still not well understood. Infant gut commensals risk transferring multidrug-resistant antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to pathogenic bacteria. The rapid spread of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria is a worldwide public health concern. Better understanding the naïve infant gut resistome may build the evidence base for antimicrobial stewardship in both humans and in the food industry. Given the high carriage rate of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)- producing Enterobacteriaceae in Asia, we aimed to evaluate community prevalence, dynamics, and longitudinal changes in antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) profiles and prevalence of ESBL-producing .E coli and K. pneumoniae in the intestinal microbiome of infants participating in the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) study, a longitudinal cohort study of pregnant women and their infants. Methods We analysed ARGs in the first year of life among 75 infants who had stool samples collected at multiple timepoints using metagenomics. Results The mean number of ARGs per infant increased with age. The most common ARGs identified confer resistance to aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, macrolide and tetracycline antibiotics; all infants harboured these antibiotic resistance genes at some point in the first year of life. Few ARGs persisted throughout the first year of life. Beta-lactam resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were detected in 4 (5.3%) and 32 (42.7%) of subjects respectively. Conclusion In this longitudinal cohort study of infants living in a region with high endemic antibacterial resistance, we demonstrate that the majority of the infants harboured several antibiotic resistance genes in their gut and showed that the infant gut resistome is diverse and dynamic over the first year of life.

US Immigration Is Associated With Rapid and Persistent Acquisition of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Gut

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-421
Author(s):  
Quentin Le Bastard ◽  
Pajau Vangay ◽  
Eric Batard ◽  
Dan Knights ◽  
Emmanuel Montassier
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Metagenomics Analysis

Abstract Little is known about the effect of human migration on gut microbiome antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) carriage. Using deep shotgun stool metagenomics analysis, we found a rapid increase in gut microbiome ARG richness and abundance in women from 2 independent ethnic groups relocating from Thailand to the United States.

scholarly journals Is exposure to mercury a driving force for the carriage of antibiotic resistance genes?

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 804-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Skurnik ◽  
Raymond Ruimy ◽  
Derren Ready ◽  
Etienne Ruppe ◽  
Claire Bernède-Bauduin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Mercury Exposure ◽  
Mercury Resistance ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
E Coli

The mercury resistance gene merA has often been found together with antibiotic resistance genes in human commensal Escherichia coli. To study this further, we analysed mercury resistance in collections of strains from various populations with different levels of mercury exposure and various levels of antibiotic resistance. The first population lived in France and had no known mercury exposure. The second lived in French Guyana and included a group of Wayampi Amerindians with a known high exposure to mercury. Carriage rates of mercury resistance were assessed by measuring the MIC and by detecting the merA gene. Mercury-resistant E. coli was found significantly more frequently in the populations that had the highest carriage rates of antibiotic-resistant E. coli and in parallel antibiotic resistance was higher in the population living in an environment with a high exposure to mercury, suggesting a possible co-selection. Exposure to mercury might be a specific driving force for the acquisition and maintenance of mobile antibiotic resistance gene carriage in the absence of antibiotic selective pressure.

scholarly journals Analytical Performance of Multiplexed Screening Test for 10 Antibiotic Resistance Genes from Perianal Swab Samples

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Terrance Walker ◽  
Tony J Rockweiler ◽  
Rossio K Kersey ◽  
Kelly L Frye ◽  
Susan R Mitchner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gene Test

Abstract BACKGROUND Multiantibiotic-resistant bacteria pose a threat to patients and place an economic burden on health care systems. Carbapenem-resistant bacilli and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers drive the need to screen infected and colonized patients for patient management and infection control. METHODS We describe a multiplex microfluidic PCR test for perianal swab samples (Acuitas® MDRO Gene Test, OpGen) that detects the vancomycin-resistance gene vanA plus hundreds of gene subtypes from the carbapenemase and ESBL families Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM), Verona integron-mediated metallo-β-lactamase (VIM), imipenemase metallo-β-lactamase (IMP), OXA-23, OXA-48, OXA-51, CTX-M-1, and CTX-M-2, regardless of the bacterial species harboring the antibiotic resistance. RESULTS Analytical test sensitivity per perianal swab is 11–250 CFU of bacteria harboring the antibiotic resistance genes. Test throughput is 182 samples per test run (1820 antibiotic resistance gene family results). We demonstrate reproducible test performance and 100% gene specificity for 265 clinical bacterial organisms harboring a variety of antibiotic resistance genes. CONCLUSIONS The Acuitas MDRO Gene Test is a sensitive, specific, and high-throughput test to screen colonized patients and diagnose infections for several antibiotic resistance genes directly from perianal swab samples, regardless of the bacterial species harboring the resistance genes.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Removal of Antibiotics, Antibiotic-Resistance Genes and Bacterial Communities in Hospital Wastewater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijie Yao ◽  
Jianfeng Ye ◽  
Qing Yang ◽  
Yaru Hu ◽  
Tianyang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Relative Abundances

Abstract Hospital wastewater contains a variety of human-related antibiotics and pathogens, which makes the treatment of hospital wastewater essential. However, there is a lack of research on these pollutants in hospital wastewater treatment plants. In this study, the characteristics and removal of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in independent treatment processes of hospitals of different scales (primary hospital H1, secondary hospital H2, and tertiary hospital H3) were investigated. The occurrence of antibiotics and ARGs in wastewater from three hospitals varied greatly. The first-generation cephalosporin cefradine was detected at a concentration of 2.38 μg/L in untreated wastewater of H1, while the fourth-generation cephalosporin cefepime had the highest concentration, 540.39 μg/L, in H3. Ofloxacin was detected at a frequency of 100% and had removal efficiencies of 44.2%, 51.5%, and 81.6% for H1, H2, and H3, respectively. The highest relative abundances of the β-lactam resistance gene blaGES-1 (1.77×10-3 copies/16S rRNA), quinolone resistance gene qnrA (8.81×10-6 copies/16S rRNA), and integron intI1 (1.86×10-4 copies/16S rRNA) were detected in the treated wastewaters. The concentrations of several ARGs were increased in the treated wastewater (e.g., blaOXA-1, blaOXA-10 and blaTEM-1). Several pathogenic or opportunistic bacteria (e.g., Acinetobacter, Klebsiella, Aeromonas, and Pseudomonas) were observed with high relative abundances in the treated wastewater. These results suggested the co-occurrence of novel antibiotics, ARGs, and antibiotic-resistant pathogens in hospital wastewater that may spread into the receiving water environment.

scholarly journals Fecal pollution explains antibiotic resistance gene abundances in anthropogenically impacted environments

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karkman Antti ◽  
Pärnänen Katariina ◽  
Larsson D.G. Joakim
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Environmental Selection

AbstractDischarge of treated sewage leads to release of antibiotic resistant bacteria, resistance genes and antibiotic residues to the environment. Such pollution can directly contribute to increased morbidity caused by the transmission of resistant fecal pathogens. Residual antibiotics in wastewaters have been speculated to select for resistant bacteria and thereby promote the evolution and emergence of new resistance factors. Increased abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in sewage and sewage-impacted environments may, however, simply be a result of fecal contamination with resistant bacteria rather than caused by an on-site selection pressure. In this study we have disentangled these two alternative scenarios by relating the relative resistance gene abundance to the accompanying extent of fecal pollution in publicly available metagenomic data. This was possible by analyzing the abundance of a newly discovered phage which is exceptionally abundant in, and specific to, human feces. The presence of resistance genes could largely be explained by fecal pollution, with no clear signs of selection in the environment, the only exception being environments polluted by very high levels of antibiotics from manufacturing where selection is evident. Our results demonstrate the necessity to take in to account the fecal pollution levels to avoid making erroneous assumptions regarding environmental selection of antibiotic resistance. The presence or absence of selection pressure has major implications for what the risk scenarios are (transmission versus evolution) and for what mitigations (reducing pathogenic bacteria or selective agents) should be prioritized to reduce health risks related to antibiotic resistance in the environment.

Longitudinal assessment of antibiotic resistance gene profiles in gut microbiomes of infants at risk of eczema

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Loo(Former Corresponding Author) ◽  
Amanda Zain ◽  
Gaik Chin Yap ◽  
Rikky W Purbojati ◽  
Daniela I Drautz-Moses ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
First Year ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Background While there is increasing knowledge about the gut microbiome, the factors influencing and the significance of the gut resistome are still not well understood. Infant gut commensals risk transferring multidrug-resistant antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to pathogenic bacteria. The rapid spread of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria is a worldwide public health concern. Better understanding the naïve infant gut resistome may build the evidence base for antimicrobial stewardship in both humans and in the food industry. Given the high carriage rate of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)- producing Enterobacteriaceae in Asia, we aimed to evaluate community prevalence, dynamics, and longitudinal changes in antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) profiles and prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae in the intestinal microbiome of infants participating in the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) study, a longitudinal cohort study of pregnant women and their infants. Methods: We analysed ARGs in the first year of life among 75 infants at risk of eczema who had stool samples collected at multiple timepoints using metagenomics. Results: The mean number of ARGs per infant increased with age. The most common ARGs identified confer resistance to aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, macrolide and tetracycline antibiotics; all infants harboured these antibiotic resistance genes at some point in the first year of life. Few ARGs persisted throughout the first year of life. Beta-lactam resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were detected in 4 (5.3%) and 32 (42.7%) of subjects respectively. Conclusion: In this longitudinal cohort study of infants living in a region with high endemic antibacterial resistance, we demonstrate that majority of the infants harboured several antibiotic resistance genes in their gut and showed that the infant gut resistome is diverse and dynamic over the first year of life.

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