scholarly journals Social and Environmental Neighborhood Typologies and Lung Function in a Low-Income, Urban Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Humphrey ◽  
Megan Lindstrom ◽  
Kelsey Barton ◽  
Prateek Shrestha ◽  
Elizabeth Carlton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Environmental Hazards ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Front Range

Consensus is growing on the need to investigate the joint impact of neighborhood-level social factors and environmental hazards on respiratory health. This study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to empirically identify distinct neighborhood subtypes according to a clustering of social factors and environmental hazards, and to examine whether those subtypes are associated with lung function. The study included 182 low-income participants who were enrolled in the Colorado Home Energy Efficiency and Respiratory Health (CHEER) study during the years 2015–2017. Distinct neighborhood typologies were identified based on analyses of 632 census tracts in the Denver-Metro and Front Range area of Colorado; neighborhood characteristics used to identify typologies included green space, traffic-related air pollution, violent and property crime, racial/ethnic composition, and socioeconomic status (SES). Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the association between neighborhood typology and lung function. We found four distinct neighborhood typologies and provide evidence that these social and environmental aspects of neighborhoods cluster along lines of advantage/disadvantage. We provide suggestive evidence of a double jeopardy situation where low-income populations living in disadvantaged neighborhoods may have decreased lung function. Using LPA with social and environmental characteristics may help to identify meaningful neighborhood subtypes and inform research on the mechanisms by which neighborhoods influence health.

scholarly journals Silver Linings and Storm Clouds: Divergent Profiles of Student Momentary Engagement Emerge in Response to the Same Task

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Elisabeth Symonds ◽  
James B. Schreiber ◽  
Benjamin M. Torsney
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Systematic Observation ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
English Grammar ◽  
Minute Period ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Academic Self Efficacy

Previous research has demonstrated that student motivation and engagement can take different forms across a variety of tasks at school or college. However, no research has yet examined the forms of student momentary engagement that emerge in response to a single task. Adolescent students (N = 196) from two low-income secondary schools in Dublin, Ireland, were given the same English grammar task to complete in a ten-minute period. We used systematic observation and post-task self-report measures to collect data on momentary cognition, emotion, motivation, and behavior. Using Latent Profile Analysis, we discovered seven main forms of momentary (dis)engagement: fully engaged, attentive but amotivated, attentive but disinterested, attentive but disaffected, distracted but motivated, disengaged, and deeply disengaged. Gender, ethnicity, academic self-efficacy, peer support and classmate cognitive engagement were notable predictors of group membership. The results should be useful to educators wanting to understand why students in their classrooms have a variety of responses to the same task.

scholarly journals Prenatal substance exposure and maternal hostility from pregnancy to toddlerhood: Associations with temperament profiles at 16 months of age

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Brendan D. Ostlund ◽  
Koraly E. Pérez-Edgar ◽  
Shannon Shisler ◽  
Sarah Terrell ◽  
Stephanie Godleski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Prenatal Substance Exposure ◽  
Substance Exposure ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Maternal Hostility

Abstract We investigated whether infant temperament was predicted by level of and change in maternal hostility, a putative transdiagnostic vulnerability for psychopathology, substance use, and insensitive parenting. A sample of women (N = 247) who were primarily young, low-income, and had varying levels of substance use prenatally (69 nonsmokers, 81 tobacco-only smokers, and 97 tobacco and marijuana smokers) reported their hostility in the third trimester of pregnancy and at 2, 9, and 16 months postpartum, and their toddler's temperament and behavior problems at 16 months. Maternal hostility decreased from late pregnancy to 16 months postpartum. Relative to pregnant women who did not use substances, women who used both marijuana and tobacco prenatally reported higher levels of hostility while pregnant and exhibited less change in hostility over time. Toddlers who were exposed to higher levels of prenatal maternal hostility were more likely to be classified in temperament profiles that resemble either irritability or inhibition, identified via latent profile analysis. These two profiles were each associated with more behavior problems concurrently, though differed in their association with competence. Our results underscore the utility of transdiagnostic vulnerabilities in understanding the intergenerational transmission of psychopathology risk and are discussed in regards to the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework.

scholarly journals Determinants of adolescent lung function in Indians: race, nutrition and systemic inflammation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohit Aggarwal ◽  
Anubhuti Bansal ◽  
Bapu Koundinya Desiraju ◽  
Shailendra Singh ◽  
Anurag Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Normal Variation ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Waist Height Ratio

AbstractRationaleWhile determining normal variation of spirometric volumes, the geo-political construct of ‘Indian’ inadequately captures the diverse racial structure and varied lifestyles that exist for 1 in 5 people globally. It is necessary to determine the degree of racial heterogeneity and other underlying factors to know whether lower spirometric volumes of ‘Indians’ is normal or abnormal.ObjectivesTo investigate the differences in spirometric volumes and their associations with overall health parameters, for adolescent children and young adults, across geo-ethnic regions within India.MethodsData was analyzed for 2338 healthy subjects aged 9-19 years with acceptable spirometry from SOLID cohort. Associations between lung function and potential determinants (Race, anthropometry, nutrition, family/life history, airway oscillometric parameters and systemic inflammation) were examined by using multiple regression. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed for 903 subjects to uncover hidden sub-phenotypes.ResultsFEV1 and FVC varied significantly between Indian genetic ancestries, being highest in Tibeto-Burmans and lowest in Dravidians. After statistical adjustments, FEV1 and FVC were positively correlated with waist-height-ratio, shoulder-height-ratio, normalized BMI, and blood hemoglobin. Lower FVC was associated with lower expiratory flows (PEF and FEF25-75), higher lung reactance (X5), higher airway resistance (R10 and R15), gastro-intestinal symptoms, and higher inflammation (IL-8 and IL-17). A sub-phenotype of thinness, higher inflammation (IFN-gamma, IL-17, TNF-alpha, IL-8) and lower FVC was identified on LPA for 35% of the sample.ConclusionsSpirometric volumes in Indians are different between major racial subgroups but may also be abnormally low due to prevalent nutritional or environmental adversity. Care must be taken while establishing normative standards.

Identifying Suicide Typologies Among Trauma-Exposed Veterans

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Bounoua ◽  
Jasmeet P. Hayes ◽  
Naomi Sadeh
Keyword(s):  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Research Priority ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
And Behaviors

Abstract. Background: Suicide among veterans has increased in recent years, making the identification of those at greatest risk for self-injurious behavior a high research priority. Aims: We investigated whether affective impulsivity and risky behaviors distinguished typologies of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in a sample of trauma-exposed veterans. Method: A total of 95 trauma-exposed veterans (ages 21–55; 87% men) completed self-report measures of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors, impulsivity, and clinical symptoms. Results: A latent profile analysis produced three classes that differed in suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI): A low class that reported little to no self-injurious thoughts or behaviors; a self-injurious thoughts (ST) class that endorsed high levels of ideation but no self-harm behaviors; and a self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (STaB) class that reported ideation, suicide attempts and NSSI. Membership in the STaB class was associated with greater affective impulsivity, disinhibition, and distress/arousal than the other two classes. Limitations: Limitations include an overrepresentation of males in our sample, the cross-sectional nature of the data, and reliance on self-report measures. Conclusion: Findings point to affective impulsivity and risky behaviors as important characteristics of veterans who engage in self-injurious behaviors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document