scholarly journals Silver Linings and Storm Clouds: Divergent Profiles of Student Momentary Engagement Emerge in Response to the Same Task

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Elisabeth Symonds ◽  
James B. Schreiber ◽  
Benjamin M. Torsney
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Systematic Observation ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
English Grammar ◽  
Minute Period ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Academic Self Efficacy

Previous research has demonstrated that student motivation and engagement can take different forms across a variety of tasks at school or college. However, no research has yet examined the forms of student momentary engagement that emerge in response to a single task. Adolescent students (N = 196) from two low-income secondary schools in Dublin, Ireland, were given the same English grammar task to complete in a ten-minute period. We used systematic observation and post-task self-report measures to collect data on momentary cognition, emotion, motivation, and behavior. Using Latent Profile Analysis, we discovered seven main forms of momentary (dis)engagement: fully engaged, attentive but amotivated, attentive but disinterested, attentive but disaffected, distracted but motivated, disengaged, and deeply disengaged. Gender, ethnicity, academic self-efficacy, peer support and classmate cognitive engagement were notable predictors of group membership. The results should be useful to educators wanting to understand why students in their classrooms have a variety of responses to the same task.

scholarly journals Prenatal substance exposure and maternal hostility from pregnancy to toddlerhood: Associations with temperament profiles at 16 months of age

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Brendan D. Ostlund ◽  
Koraly E. Pérez-Edgar ◽  
Shannon Shisler ◽  
Sarah Terrell ◽  
Stephanie Godleski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Prenatal Substance Exposure ◽  
Substance Exposure ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Maternal Hostility

Abstract We investigated whether infant temperament was predicted by level of and change in maternal hostility, a putative transdiagnostic vulnerability for psychopathology, substance use, and insensitive parenting. A sample of women (N = 247) who were primarily young, low-income, and had varying levels of substance use prenatally (69 nonsmokers, 81 tobacco-only smokers, and 97 tobacco and marijuana smokers) reported their hostility in the third trimester of pregnancy and at 2, 9, and 16 months postpartum, and their toddler's temperament and behavior problems at 16 months. Maternal hostility decreased from late pregnancy to 16 months postpartum. Relative to pregnant women who did not use substances, women who used both marijuana and tobacco prenatally reported higher levels of hostility while pregnant and exhibited less change in hostility over time. Toddlers who were exposed to higher levels of prenatal maternal hostility were more likely to be classified in temperament profiles that resemble either irritability or inhibition, identified via latent profile analysis. These two profiles were each associated with more behavior problems concurrently, though differed in their association with competence. Our results underscore the utility of transdiagnostic vulnerabilities in understanding the intergenerational transmission of psychopathology risk and are discussed in regards to the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework.

Identifying Suicide Typologies Among Trauma-Exposed Veterans

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Bounoua ◽  
Jasmeet P. Hayes ◽  
Naomi Sadeh
Keyword(s):  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Research Priority ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
And Behaviors

Abstract. Background: Suicide among veterans has increased in recent years, making the identification of those at greatest risk for self-injurious behavior a high research priority. Aims: We investigated whether affective impulsivity and risky behaviors distinguished typologies of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in a sample of trauma-exposed veterans. Method: A total of 95 trauma-exposed veterans (ages 21–55; 87% men) completed self-report measures of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors, impulsivity, and clinical symptoms. Results: A latent profile analysis produced three classes that differed in suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI): A low class that reported little to no self-injurious thoughts or behaviors; a self-injurious thoughts (ST) class that endorsed high levels of ideation but no self-harm behaviors; and a self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (STaB) class that reported ideation, suicide attempts and NSSI. Membership in the STaB class was associated with greater affective impulsivity, disinhibition, and distress/arousal than the other two classes. Limitations: Limitations include an overrepresentation of males in our sample, the cross-sectional nature of the data, and reliance on self-report measures. Conclusion: Findings point to affective impulsivity and risky behaviors as important characteristics of veterans who engage in self-injurious behaviors.

scholarly journals Social and Environmental Neighborhood Typologies and Lung Function in a Low-Income, Urban Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Humphrey ◽  
Megan Lindstrom ◽  
Kelsey Barton ◽  
Prateek Shrestha ◽  
Elizabeth Carlton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Environmental Hazards ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Front Range

Consensus is growing on the need to investigate the joint impact of neighborhood-level social factors and environmental hazards on respiratory health. This study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to empirically identify distinct neighborhood subtypes according to a clustering of social factors and environmental hazards, and to examine whether those subtypes are associated with lung function. The study included 182 low-income participants who were enrolled in the Colorado Home Energy Efficiency and Respiratory Health (CHEER) study during the years 2015–2017. Distinct neighborhood typologies were identified based on analyses of 632 census tracts in the Denver-Metro and Front Range area of Colorado; neighborhood characteristics used to identify typologies included green space, traffic-related air pollution, violent and property crime, racial/ethnic composition, and socioeconomic status (SES). Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the association between neighborhood typology and lung function. We found four distinct neighborhood typologies and provide evidence that these social and environmental aspects of neighborhoods cluster along lines of advantage/disadvantage. We provide suggestive evidence of a double jeopardy situation where low-income populations living in disadvantaged neighborhoods may have decreased lung function. Using LPA with social and environmental characteristics may help to identify meaningful neighborhood subtypes and inform research on the mechanisms by which neighborhoods influence health.

scholarly journals A latent profile analysis of the typology of bulimic symptoms in an indigenous Pacific population: evidence of cross-cultural variation in phenomenology

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Thomas ◽  
R. D. Crosby ◽  
S. A. Wonderlich ◽  
R. H. Striegel-Moore ◽  
A. E. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cultural Orientation ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Latent Structure ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Clinical Impairment ◽  
Latent Profile

BackgroundPrevious efforts to derive empirically based eating disorder (ED) typologies through latent structure modeling have been limited by the ethnic and cultural homogeneity of their study populations and their reliance on DSM-IV ED signs and symptoms as indicator variables.MethodEthnic Fijian schoolgirls (n=523) responded to a self-report battery assessing ED symptoms, herbal purgative use, co-morbid psychopathology, clinical impairment, cultural orientation, and peer influences. Participants who endorsed self-induced vomiting or herbal purgative use in the past 28 days (n=222) were included in a latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify unique subgroups of bulimic symptomatology.ResultsLPA identified a bulimia nervosa (BN)-like class (n=86) characterized by high rates of binge eating and self-induced vomiting, and a herbal purgative class (n=136) characterized primarily by the use of indigenous Fijian herbal purgatives. Both ED classes endorsed greater eating pathology and general psychopathology than non-purging participants, and the herbal purgative class endorsed greater clinical impairment than either the BN-like or non-purging participants. Cultural orientation did not differ between the two ED classes.ConclusionsIncluding study populations typically under-represented in mental health research and broadening the scope of relevant signs and symptoms in latent structure models may increase the generalizability of ED nosological schemes to encompass greater cultural diversity.

scholarly journals Profiles of psychological skill use and their relations with self and coach-rated mental toughness in Thai athletes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Manley ◽  
Chayut Piromsombat ◽  
Somboon Jarukasemthawee ◽  
Kullaya Pisitsungkagarn
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mental Toughness ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Informant Ratings ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Report Measure ◽  
Latent Profile

We examined two questions relating to athletes use of psychological skills and techniques (PS). First, we consider whether athletes differ in the configuration of PS they use. Second, we examine how PS use is related to both self-reported and informant-rated mental toughness. A sample of 309 elite Thai athletes reported their frequency of PS use in practice and competition settings and completed a self-report measure of mental toughness; coaches provided informant ratings of mental toughness for a subset of athletes. Using latent profile analysis, we replicated previous findings (Ponnusamy, Lines, Zhang, & Gucciardi, 2018) to show that athletes could be best classified in to three subgroups based on their PS use, and these subgroups differed in the relative frequency of their PS use rather than in the specific patterns of PS. Further, we find that mental toughness differed as a function of PS use with higher frequency of PS use associated with higher self-rated mental toughness, and higher coach-ratings of mental toughness. These findings suggest that athletes do not appear to differ in the configurations of PS used and show that PS not only relate to self-perceptions of mental toughness but also to the display of more mentally tough behaviour

scholarly journals Hypersomnia subtypes, sleep and relapse in bipolar disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1751-1763 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Kaplan ◽  
E. L. McGlinchey ◽  
A. Soehner ◽  
A. Gershon ◽  
L. S. Talbot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Excessive Sleepiness ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Long Sleep ◽  
Latent Profile

Background.Though poorly defined, hypersomnia is associated with negative health outcomes and new-onset and recurrence of psychiatric illness. Lack of definition impedes generalizability across studies. The present research clarifies hypersomnia diagnoses in bipolar disorder by exploring possible subgroups and their relationship to prospective sleep data and relapse into mood episodes.Method.A community sample of 159 adults (aged 18–70 years) with bipolar spectrum diagnoses, euthymic at study entry, was included. Self-report inventories and clinician-administered interviews determined features of hypersomnia. Participants completed sleep diaries and wore wrist actigraphs at home to obtain prospective sleep data. Approximately 7 months later, psychiatric status was reassessed. Factor analysis and latent profile analysis explored empirical groupings within hypersomnia diagnoses.Results.Factor analyses confirmed two separate subtypes of hypersomnia (‘long sleep’ and ‘excessive sleepiness’) that were uncorrelated. Latent profile analyses suggested a four-class solution, with ‘long sleep’ and ‘excessive sleepiness’ again representing two separate classes. Prospective sleep data suggested that the sleep of ‘long sleepers’ is characterized by a long time in bed, not long sleep duration. Longitudinal assessment suggested that ‘excessive sleepiness’ at baseline predicted mania/hypomania relapse.Conclusions.This study is the largest of hypersomnia to include objective sleep measurement, and refines our understanding of classification, characterization and associated morbidity. Hypersomnia appears to be comprised of two separate subgroups: long sleep and excessive sleepiness. Long sleep is characterized primarily by long bedrest duration. Excessive sleepiness is not associated with longer sleep or bedrest, but predicts relapse to mania/hypomania. Understanding these entities has important research and treatment implications.

Perceived Discrimination, Ethnic Identity, and Mental Distress Among Asian International Students in Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 991-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Na Suh ◽  
Lisa Y. Flores ◽  
Kenneth T. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
International Students ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Exploration Process ◽  
Asian International Students

This study explored the associations between perceived discrimination, ethnic identity, and mental distress among 118 Asian international college students in Korea. Perceived discrimination and ethnic identity were included as critical factors in international students’ adaptation to living in Korea, and their associations with self-report measures of depression and anxiety were explored using canonical correlation and latent profile analysis. Based on studies identifying two types of discrimination, we explored how each discrimination type relates to mental distress. Results indicated (a) students’ perceptions of personal rejection (i.e., demeaning and overt acts of discrimination) were significantly associated with depression and anxiety, and this association was stronger than that of perceived unfair treatment, and depression and anxiety (b) students’ exploration of ethnic identity had a positive relationship with anxiety. These results suggest the need to provide additional supports for international students engaged in the exploration process. The current results also suggest that Asian international students’ adaptation experiences in Korea may differ from those international students in other countries as reported in the literature. More attention and study with international students is needed to seek possible common parameters of adaptation in diverse cultural contexts of host countries.

Does Everyone Benefit Equally From Self-Efficacy Beliefs? The Moderating Role of Perceived Social Support on Motivation

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabahat Cigdem Bagci
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Career Motivations ◽  
Academic Self Efficacy

This study investigated whether perceived goal support from family and friends may moderate the relationship between academic self-efficacy and motivational outcomes among early adolescent students recruited from a low-middle socio-economic status(SES) background school in Turkey ( N = 319, [Formula: see text]age = 13.13, SD = .80). Self-report questionnaires included measures of academic self-efficacy, perceived family and friend support, and academic and career motivations. Academic self-efficacy and perceived support from family related positively to both types of motivation. Children who perceived lower family support benefited more from the positive effects of self-efficacy on motivations, whereas children with higher family support seemed to gain less (or not gain at all) from self-enhancing functions of self-efficacy. Same findings were found for peer support, but only when family support was excluded from analyses. Findings implied the need to study larger family and peer contexts under which self-efficacy beliefs may be more or less effective on motivation.

scholarly journals Work-to-family profiles, family structure and burnout in mothers

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1167-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura D. Robinson ◽  
Christopher A. Magee ◽  
Peter Caputi
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Family Types ◽  
Demographic Covariates ◽  
Health And Well Being

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify work-to-family profiles in working mothers, test whether profiles differ between sole and partnered mothers, and examine whether the work-to-family profiles are associated with burnout. Design/methodology/approach Data on work-to-family conflict (WFC), work-to-family enrichment (WFE), burnout, and relevant socio-demographic covariates were collected via a self-report online survey. Latent profile analysis on WFC and WFE items was used to identify profiles in 179-sole and 857-partnered mothers in paid employment. Regression analyses were performed to examine whether profiles were associated with burnout. Findings Five distinct work-to-family profiles were identified: Harmful, Negative Active, Active, Beneficial, and Fulfilled. Profile membership differed significantly between sole and partnered mothers, with sole mothers more likely to be in the harmful profile. The five profiles had differing implications for burnout. Practical implications WFC and WFE can co-occur, and have differing implications for health and well-being. It is important to consider both WFC and WFE when addressing employee burnout. Furthermore, sole mothers may need greater assistance in reducing WFC and increasing WFE in order to minimize burnout. Originality/value This study contributes to existing research by demonstrating differences in work-to-family profiles between sole and partnered mothers, and highlights the need for future research on diverse family types.

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