Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals and Lipid Quality Indexes in Freshwater Fish from Lakes of Warmia and Mazury Region, Poland

The objectives of study were to determine heavy metals content (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe and Hg) and fatty acids in selected organs of roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.); bream, Abramis brama (L.); pike, Esox lucius (L.); Eurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis (L.) collected from reservoirs of Warmia and Mazury region (northeastern Poland). Heavy metals were determined with atomic absorption spectrometry AAS. The fatty acids were analyzed using gas chromatography. In a few cases, differences in the content of heavy metals and fatty acids were not significant between species. The muscles of fish characterized significantly higher values of mercury than other organs (p ≤ 0.05), except for bream. The reverse regularity was observed in the case of content of Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe. Fatty acids having a desirable dietary effect in humans (DFA-Hypocholesterolaemic fatty acids) (74.00–74.84) were more than OFA (hypercholesterolaemic fatty acids), i.e., those undesirable (24.03–24.79). The lipid quality indexes AI (index of atherogenicity) (0.40–0.44) and TI (index of thrombogenicity) (0.18–0.24) in muscles of fish were low, which means that the meat of the fish may be recommended for human health. THQ (target hazard quotient) and HI (hazard index) as individual foodstuff were below 1, whereas HI for a specific receptor/pathway combination exceeded 1. This may suggest that eating meat from a given species is safe from a health point of view.

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Using Rutilus rutilus (L.) and Perca fluviatilis (L.) as Bioindicators of the Environmental Condition and Human Health: Lake Łańskie, Poland

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17207595 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (20) ◽

pp. 7595

Author(s):

Joanna Łuczyńska ◽

Beata Paszczyk ◽

Marek Jan Łuczyński ◽

Monika Kowalska-Góralska ◽

Joanna Nowosad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Hazard Quotient ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Food Contamination ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Perca Fluviatilis ◽

Rutilus Rutilus ◽

Mercury Content ◽

Target Hazard Quotient ◽

Roach Rutilus Rutilus

The aim of this study was to determine the mercury content and fatty acids profile in roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) and European perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) from Lake Łańskie (Poland). Mercury content was higher in the muscles than other organs in both species (p < 0.05). Mercury accumulates along the food chain of the lake’s ecosystem. The value of the bioconcentration factor (BCF) indicated that Hg had accumulated in the highest amounts in muscles and in the other organs as follows: muscles > liver > gills > gonads. The metal pollution index (MPI) and target hazard quotient (THQ) were below 1, which means that these fish are safe for consumers. The values of HIS, GSI and FCF indicators show that both species of fish can be good indicators of water quality and food contamination. There were few differences between fatty acid content in the muscles of perch and roach. Contents of fatty acids having an undesirable dietary effect in humans (OFA—hypercholesterolemic fatty acids) were lower compared to hypocholesterolemic fatty acids (DFA, i.e., the desirable ones). In addition, the lipid quality indices AI and TI in the muscles of fish were at 0.40 and 0.22 (perch) and at 0.35 and 0.22 (roach), respectively. On this basis, it can be concluded that the flesh of the fish studied is beneficial from the health point of view.

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Concentrations and related health risk assessment of pesticides, phthalates and heavy metals in strawberry from Shanghai, China

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/jfp-21-165 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wan-ce Shao ◽

Yang-yang Zang ◽

Hai-yao Ma ◽

Ye Ling ◽

Zhen-peng Kai

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Health Risk ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Hazard Quotient ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Hazard Index ◽

Target Hazard Quotient ◽

Pesticides Residues

In the present study, a risk assessment of pesticides, phthalates and heavy metals in strawberries (n = 335) in recent years was conducted by determining the out estimate dietary intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) . 128 Pesticides, 18 phthalates and 3 heavy metals were determined in this determination. 51 pesticide residues were detected in the strawberry samples, and 97.91% samples had levels of at least one of the 51 pesticides above the LOD (limit of detection). 2.39% of samples had pesticides higher than the Chinese MRL. Multiple pesticides residues were detected in most samples. Bis-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) were detected in the strawberry samples with high frequency of detection. Their detectable rates were 100, 100 and 89.9%, respectively. Most of the samples were detected lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) with the detectable rates 75.76, 92.93 and 92.93%, respectively. Estimated daily intake of analyzed pesticide, phthalate and heavy metal residues appear to be relatively low compared to the ADI. The average THQs and HI were less than one. That means the customers who are exposed to the average contaminants levels may not pose significant health risk. Our results show that the strawberries may be polluted by many kinds of contaminants. Therefore, monitoring of pesticides, phthalates and heavy metal residues in strawberries should be increasingly developed in order to fully protect the health of the consumer.

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Concentrations and Risk Evaluation of Selected Heavy Metals in Amaranthus (L.) Leaf Cultivated in Katsina State, North West Nigeria

Journal of Applied Life Sciences International ◽

10.9734/jalsi/2019/v20i430089 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

A. I. Yaradua ◽

A. J. Alhassan ◽

A. Nasir ◽

K. I. Matazu ◽

A. Usman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Hazard Quotient ◽

Hazard Index ◽

Carcinogenic Risk ◽

Risk Level ◽

Target Hazard Quotient ◽

Moderate Risk ◽

Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽

North West

Bioaccumulation of seven heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn) in Amaranthus leaf cultivated in Katsina state Nigeria were measured using atomic absorption spectrometer. The health risks to the local inhabitants from the consumption of the Amaranthus leaf were evaluated based on the Target Hazard Quotient. The possibility of cancer risks in the Amaranthus (L.) leaf through the intake of carcinogenic heavy metals was estimated using the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk. The target hazard quotient was (THQ)>1, indicating that the Amaranthus leaf cultivated may pose a non-carcinogenic risk for all the studied metals. Hazard index (HI) was low. The incremental cancer risk (ILCR) for Cd violated the threshold risk limit (>10−4) and ILCR for Pb reached the moderate risk limit (>10−3) in all the studied samples in adults, While in children ILCR for both Pb in samples from Dabai, Daura, Funtua, Matazu and Zango and Cd for all samples have reached the moderate risk limit (>10−3), while the ILCR for Pb in samples from Birchi, Dutsinma, Kafur, Katsina and Malunfashi are beyond the moderate risk level (>10−2). The study suggests that consumption of Amaranthus leaf cultivated in Katsina may contribute to the population cancer burden.

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HEAVY METALS CONTAMINATION AND HUMAN HEALTH RISK FROM SELECTED FISH IN LAGOS, NIGERIA

JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE ◽

10.36108/jrrslasu/7102/40(0123) ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chima Fausta Nnodum ◽

Kafeelah Abosede Yusuf ◽

Comfort Adetutu Adeniji

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Health Risk ◽

Human Health ◽

Fish Species ◽

Hazard Quotient ◽

Human Health Risk ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Hazard Index ◽

World Health ◽

Target Hazard Quotient

Abstract: Introduction : Heavy metals are known to cause deleterious effects on human health through food chain. Aims: The study is aimed at assessing heavy metal concentrations in the tissues of four highly consumed fish species and to evaluate the potential health risks associated with their consumption. Materials and Methods: The concentrations of Cu, Cd and Pb were analyzed in the tissues of Titus (Scomber Japonicus), Croaker (Pseudolithus Elongatus), Scumbia (Ilisha Africana) and Shrimps (Pipeus Notialis) by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) after digestion of the samples. Results: The results showed that Cd was not detected in the tissues of all fish species. There were variations among Cu and Pb concentrations in the tissues of the fish species. Cu had the highest concentrations (1.00 µg/g) in the tissues of croaker and shrimps respectively while Pb had the lowest concentrations (0.25 µg/g) in the tissues of Scumbia . The levels of all metals in the present study were lower than the limits permitted by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO), European Community Regulation (EU) and European Commission (EC). Assessment of noncarcinogenic health hazard using Target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) indicated no concern from consumption of these fish species. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of the studied metals through fish consumption was below the permissible tolerable daily intake. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is no potential human health risk from consumption of the selected fish species. Keywords: Heavy metals, Hazard index, Target hazard quotient.

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Heavy Metals in Grains from Jilin Province, China, and Human Health Risk

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/jfp-20-075 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 83 (12) ◽

pp. 2193-2199

Author(s):

DANYANG GE ◽

HAICHENG GAO ◽

NAN GUO ◽

MENGMENG JIANG ◽

HAIXIA MA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Human Health ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Hazard Quotient ◽

Hazard Index ◽

National Standards ◽

Jilin Province ◽

Target Hazard Quotient

ABSTRACT Heavy metals are an indispensable part of industrial and agricultural development. As the cradle of China's industry and an important province for agricultural production, Jilin Province has been an area of concern about heavy metal pollution in the local environment and grains. In this study, we focused on four heavy metals that are harmful to humans: arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), methylmercury (MeHg), and inorganic arsenic (iAs). We determined the contents of these metals in 341 grain samples by using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and liquid chromatography–atomic fluorescence spectrometry and compared our results with the limit value of national standards. To evaluate the potential risk to human health, we determined the target hazard quotient and hazard index. Heavy metals were detected at these rates, from high to low: Cd (48%) > iAs (20.8%) > MeHg (4.6%) > Pb (3%). Most of these values are far below the limit of national standards. The target hazard quotient and hazard index were both smaller than 1; thus, we conclude that heavy metal pollution in grains in Jilin Province is not serious and that people are not at high risk from heavy metals in grains. HIGHLIGHTS

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Assessment of the Levels of Pollution and of Their Risks by Radioactivity and Trace Metals on Marine Edible Fish and Crustaceans at the Bay of Bengal (Chattogram, Bangladesh)

Environments ◽

10.3390/environments8020013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 13

Author(s):

Krishna Prasad Biswas ◽

Shahadat Hossain ◽

Nipa Deb ◽

A.K.M. Saiful Islam Bhuian ◽

Sílvia C. Gonçalves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trace Metals ◽

Bay Of Bengal ◽

Hazard Quotient ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Hazard Index ◽

Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Target Hazard Quotient ◽

Crustacean Species ◽

Coastal Belt ◽

Marine Environmental

Marine environmental pollution is a longstanding global problem and has a particular impact on the Bay of Bengal. Effluent from different sources directly enters rivers of the region and eventually flows into the Bay of Bengal. This effluent may contain radioactive materials and trace metals and pose a serious threat to the coastal environment, in addition to aquatic ecosystems. Using gamma spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry, a comprehensive study was carried out on the radioactivity (226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs) and trace metal (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Fe, Mn, and Cr) concentrations, respectively, in fish and crustacean species collected from the coastal belt of the Bay of Bengal (Chattogram, Bangladesh). The analysis showed a noticeable increment in the levels of different radioactive pollutants in the marine samples, although the consumption of the studied fish and crustacean species should be considered safe for human health. Anthropogenic radionuclide (137Cs) was not detected in any sample. Furthermore, the metal concentrations of a small number of trace elements (Pb, Cd, Cr) were found to be higher in most of the samples, which indicates aquatic fauna are subject to pollution. The estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and target cancer risk (TR) were calculated and compared with the permissible safety limits. It was found that consuming the seafood from the Bay of Bengal may cause adverse health impacts if consumption and/or means of pollution are not controlled.

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Heavy metals in private car dusts collected from Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang Campus: Contamination and human health risks

Current Science and Technology ◽

10.15282/cst.v1i2.6688 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 52-57

Author(s):

JOO HUI TAY ◽

Nurhameeza Zakaria

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Health Risks ◽

Hazard Quotient ◽

Hazard Index ◽

Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Vacuum Cleaner ◽

Aqua Regia ◽

Human Health Risks ◽

Private Car ◽

Suction Nozzle

A pilot study was conducted to investigate the concentrations of seven heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni and Pb) in private car dusts collected from Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang campus. Ten private cars were selected among UMP staffs and students, and the dust samples were obtained by using a conventional vacuum cleaner with a clean nylon sampling sock pre-inserted into the suction nozzle. All samples were acid-digested with aqua regia solution and analysed for metal concentration using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The highest mean concentrations were recorded for Fe (650± 480 mg/kg), followed by Zn (160 ± 110 mg/kg), Cu (76.2 ± 18.5 mg/kg), Pb (39.2 ± 99.1 mg/kg), Ni (6.39 ± 8.30 mg/kg), Cr (3.42 ± 5.90 mg/kg) and Cd (0.55 ± 1.40 mg/kg). Hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) values lower than 1 indicated no potential non-carcinogenic risks to the adult drivers.

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Assessment of health risks from consumption of food crops fumigated with metal based pesticides in Gwadam, Gombe State, Nigeria

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences ◽

10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.14 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 100-110

Author(s):

U. Bawa ◽

A. Ahmad ◽

J.N. Ahmad ◽

A.G. Ezra

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Health Risk ◽

Hazard Quotient ◽

Hazard Index ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Food Crops ◽

Potential Health ◽

Index Value ◽

Cu And Zn

Intensive use of agrochemicals has led to build of heavy metals in the soil ecosystem and their transfer to edible parts of crops. This study was aimed to determine the heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu and Zn) concentrations in some twenty commonly used pesticides in northern Nigeria, and health risk associated from the consumption of food crops fumigated with these pesticides as the only source of metal contamination. Heavy metals content in pesticides, food crops and soils were analyzed after acid digestion using atomic absorption spectrometry. Traces of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu and Zn) were detected in most of the pesticides. The concentrations of heavy metals in crops fumigated with pesticides ranged from 0.33-4.68, 1.75-38.08, 0.67-16.83, 9.01-436.75, 0.17-20.80mg/kg for Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, and Zn respectively. The mean concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Cr in all the crops were above WHO, (2019) permissible limit. Heavy metals in soils of corresponding crops were below the permissible limits by UNEP, (2013) and NESREA, (2011). Bioaccumulation factor BAF showed high BAF>1 for Cu and Pb in all the studied crops,while pollution index value revealed contamination for Cd and Pb in all the studied crops. Hazard quotient showed potential health risk from the consumption of only Capsicumannuum for Pb. However, consumers may experience advance health risk through the consumption of Oryza sativa, Zea mays, Solanumlycopersicum, Capsicumfrustescens for all metals (Hazard index). Hence, there is the need for screening of heavy metals in pesticides and monitoring of metals contents in food crops.

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Health risk assessment: heavy metals in fish from the southern Black Sea

Foods and raw materials ◽

10.21603/2308-4057-2020-1-115-124 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 115-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Levent Bat ◽

Ayşah Öztekin ◽

Elif Arici ◽

Fatih Şahin

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Black Sea ◽

Hazard Quotient ◽

Risk Index ◽

Hazard Index ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Target Hazard Quotient ◽

Mean Values ◽

Red Mullet ◽

Cu And Zn

Introduction. The coastal contamination of the Black Sea has been an important issue for several decades. Heavy metals are the most harmful contaminants which affect people health. The research objective of the present study was to determine the amounts of Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, and Zn found in the whiting (M. merlangus L.) and the red mullet (M. barbatus L.). These Black Sea bottom fish species have the highest commercial value. The obtained data were used to assess the risk which the fish represents for human consumers. Study objects and methods. The elements were detected using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The amounts of the metals arranged in the following order: Zn > Cu > Pb > Hg > Cd. Results and discussion. The mean values of Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, and Zn in the edible tissues were 0.013, 0.024, 0.07, 0.195, and 9.05 mg/kg wet wt. for whiting and 0.017, 0.036, 0.05, 0.29, and 6.4 mg/kg wet wt. for red mullet, respectively. These levels proved lower than the permitted values set by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries of the UK (MAFF), Turkish Food Codex (TFC), and EU Commission Regulation. The target hazard quotient (THQ) for all the elements via consumption of whiting and red mullet were also low. Conclusion. Hazard index (HI) was ˂ 1, which means that the fish caused no health problems in people who consumed whiting and red mullet caught in the southern Black Sea during the fishing seasons of 2017–2018. The carcinogenic risk index (CRI) for whiting and red mullet was also considered insignificant.

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Health Risk Assessment of Exposure to Heavy Metals from Sheep Meat and Offal in Kuwait

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-265 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 83 (3) ◽

pp. 503-510 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

SAMIR MOHAMMED ABD-ELGHANY ◽

MAHMOUD AHMED MOHAMMED ◽

ADEL ABDELKHALEK ◽

FAISAL SAAD SAUD SAAD ◽

KHALID IBRAHIM SALLAM

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Hazard Quotient ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Hazard Index ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽

Target Hazard Quotient ◽

Mean Values ◽

Sheep Meat ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

The Mean

ABSTRACT A total of 600 sheep samples (200 each of muscle, liver, and kidney) collected from 200 sheep carcasses slaughtered at abattoirs in Kuwait were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry for concentrations of mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr). These metals were detected in all (100%) examined samples; higher concentrations occurred in kidney followed by liver and muscle. The mean (±standard error of the mean) values of the metals detected in sheep muscle, liver, and kidney samples were 0.320 ± 0.061, 0.488 ± 0.042, and 0.791 ± 0.152 μg/g, respectively for Hg; 349 ± 0.074, 0.504 ± 0.049, and 0.642 ± 0.113 μg/g, respectively, for As; 0.482 ± 0.098, 0.567 ± 0.042, and 0.706 ± 0.098 μg/g, respectively, for Pb; 0.301 ± 0.344, 0.433 ± 0.032, and 0.586 ± 0.064 μg/g, respectively, for Cd; and 0.362 ± 0.064, 0.585 ± 0.044, and 0.738 ± 0.111 μg/g, respectively, for Cr. The concentrations of all heavy metals except Cr exceeded the maximum permissible limits set by various international food agencies. The estimated daily intake of each metal was lower than its provisional tolerable daily intake. The target hazard quotient and hazard index values for Hg were >1.0 in all examined sheep samples, suggesting significant health risks to the public from the consumption of sheep meat and offal marketed in Kuwait. HIGHLIGHTS

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