Landscape Pattern Changes in the Xingkai Lake Area, Northeast China

Understanding landscape change is important for ecologically sustainable development. In this paper, we assessed the spatiotemporal variations of landscape pattern in the Xingkai Lake area using remote sensing data from 1982, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. Landscape patterns of marshlands, paddy fields, dry farmlands, and their combinations were analyzed at class and landscape levels. We examined the stability of landscape types through principal component analysis based on class level indices for landscape types. The results indicated that marshland areas decreased significantly by 33.87% but paddy fields increased by 1.84 times from 1982 to 2015. The largest conversion of dry farmlands to paddy fields was 90.88 km2 during the period 2010–2015. In contrast, the largest conversion of paddy fields to dry farmlands was 86.03 km2 during the period 2000–2005. The difference in relative change revealed that dry farmlands had experienced a greater relative change than paddy fields since 2000. The interspersion and juxtaposition index decreased, while the number of patches grew. This showed that landscape fragmentation was increasing and the landscape pattern was becoming dispersed. Marshlands were more stable than paddy fields and dry farmlands across all time periods, except for the year 2005.

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Landscape Pattern Evolution Processes of Wetlands and Their Driving Factors in the Xiong’an New Area of China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094403 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4403

Author(s):

Miao Yang ◽

Jiaguo Gong ◽

Yong Zhao ◽

Hao Wang ◽

Cuiping Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Landscape Pattern ◽

Socioeconomic Development ◽

Landscape Heterogeneity ◽

Principal Component ◽

Landscape Patterns ◽

Hydrological Processes ◽

Large Area ◽

Landscape Type ◽

Wetland Landscape ◽

Landscape Types

Wetland landscape patterns are the result of various ecological and hydrological processes. Based on the land use landscape types from 1980 to 2017, a transfer matrix, landscape pattern analysis index, and principal component analysis were used to analyze the landscape pattern evolution in the Xiong’an New Area of China, which has a large area with a lake and river wetlands. The results showed that the wetland area has changed greatly since 2000 and the beach land has decreased greatly, while the area of the lake and river wetlands has increased slightly. Beach land was the dominant landscape type of the wetland. The dominant degree of the wetland landscape showed a slightly decreasing trend, and the patches tended to be scattered. The shape complexity of the ponds was the lowest, while that of rivers was the highest. The fragmentation degree of the wetland patches increased, the proportion of landscape types tended to be equalized, and the landscape heterogeneity increased. The leading factors of the wetland landscape change can be summarized as socioeconomic, meteorological, and hydrological processes, with a cumulative contribution rate of 85.3%, among which socioeconomic development was the most important factor. The results have important guiding significance for the ecological restoration and management of wetlands in the Xiong’an New Area and other wetland ecosystems with rivers and lakes.

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Perceptions of landscape patterns: Do the numbers count?

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc76475-3 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 76 (3) ◽

pp. 475-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Robert G. D'Eon ◽

Susan M. Glenn

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Landscape Metrics ◽

Landscape Pattern ◽

Human Perception ◽

Landscape Fragmentation ◽

Landscape Patterns ◽

Relative Efficacy ◽

Patch Shape ◽

Before And After ◽

Patch Density

Human perception and intuition can powerfully influence how we measure and interpret landscape pattern. We compared human perception with more quantitative measures to determine their relative efficacy in arriving at conclusions about landscape pattern. We surveyed 30 professional workshop participants and 38 undergraduate students for their perception of landscape fragmentation before and after calculating a suite of landscape metrics. Participants' perception of fragmentation was most correlated with number of patches, patch density, and patch shape. Most participants retained their original intuitive response after calculating indices. We suggest that a lack of meaningful quantitative expressions for absolute landscape structure will continue to result in a dependence on intuitive human perception for management of landscape pattern. Key words: landscape pattern, forest fragmentation, perception, landscape metrics, forest management

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Understanding the Correlation between Landscape Pattern and Vertical Urban Volume by Time-Series Remote Sensing Data: A Case Study of Melbourne

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information ◽

10.3390/ijgi10010014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

Mengyu Ge ◽

Shenghui Fang ◽

Yan Gong ◽

Pengjie Tao ◽

Guang Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Landscape Pattern ◽

Local Development ◽

3D Structure ◽

Remote Sensing Data ◽

Landscape Patterns ◽

Surface Pattern ◽

Entire Study ◽

The City

Urbanization is changing the world’s surface pattern more and more drastically, which brings many social and ecological problems. Quantifying the changes in the landscape pattern and 3D structure of the city is important to understand these issues. This research study used Melbourne, a compact city, as a case study, and focused on landscape patterns and vertical urban volume (volume mean (VM), volume standard deviation (VSD)) and investigate the correlation between them from the scope of different scales and functions by Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. We found: (1) From 2000 to 2012, the landscape pattern had a trend of decreasing fragmentation and increasing patch aggregation. The growth of VM and VSD was more severe than that of landscape metrics, and presented a “high–low” situation from the city center to the surroundings, maintaining the structure of “large east and small west”. (2) Landscape pattern was found closely associated with the urban volume. In the entire study area, landscape pattern patches with low fragmentation and high aggregation were directly proportional to VM with high value, which represented high urbanization, and patches with high connectivity and fragmentation had a positive relationship with high VSD, which represented strong spatial recognition. (3) The urban volumes of different urban functional areas were affected by different landscape patterns, and the analysis based on the local development situation can explain the internal mechanism of the interaction between the landscape pattern and the urban volume.

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A study on the evolution mechanism of agricultural landscape pattern of Dadu River Valley in Danba Region

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202130002015 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 300 ◽

pp. 02015

Author(s):

Linlu Tian ◽

Jiajin Wu ◽

Minqing Li ◽

Chunwei Xia ◽

Jianpeng Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Heterogeneity ◽

Landscape Pattern ◽

Agricultural Landscape ◽

Landscape Fragmentation ◽

Research Area ◽

Landscape Patterns ◽

Agricultural Policies ◽

Dry Valley ◽

Moderate Drought ◽

Dadu River

Taking the Dadu River Basin in the Danba area of Ganzi Prefecture, Sichuan Province as the research area, based on the 2013 and 2016 Landsat8 remote sensing images, the temperature vegetation drought index (TVDI) method is used to divide the Dadu River dry valley into 6 arid gradient regions. Using ArcGIS10.5 software and Fragstats4.2 software to calculate the landscape pattern index of different arid gradient areas in different years, combined with the survey results of agricultural policies, development models, and agricultural landscape patterns in key regions, analyze the evolution of agricultural landscape patterns under different drought gradients. The results show that, except for other forestlands, the degree of landscape fragmentation is decreasing year by year on the gradient of light and moderate drought, and the degree of spatial heterogeneity is higher. On the gradient of extreme drought, the degree of landscape fragmentation is higher, and the degree of spatial heterogeneity is lower.

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Analysis on Evolution of Landscape Pattern in Dianchi Basin Based on RS and GIS

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.3419 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 291-294 ◽

pp. 3419-3423 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhao Qin Han ◽

Jing Ye ◽

Zhen Wang ◽

Jie Liu ◽

Shu Xia Yu

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Landscape Metrics ◽

Landscape Pattern ◽

Principal Component ◽

Landscape Fragmentation ◽

Remote Sensing Images ◽

Rs And Gis ◽

Land Use Types ◽

Landscape Patches ◽

Landscape Level

With the support of RS, GIS and FRAGSTATS techniques, the landscape pattern has been analyzed quantitatively in Dianchi basin by 16 commonly used landscape metrics, based on remote sensing images of 1988, 1990, 1994, 1999, 2002 and 2008. After performance of principal component analysis (PCA) on the 16 landscape metrics, three principal components (PCs) were generalized: spatial aggregation of landscape patches, landscape fragmentation and landscape diversity. Then, the characteristics and evolution of landscape pattern in Dianchi basin have been explored at the landscape level. The results showed, that, from 1988 to 1994, the landscape fragmentation was serious and the level of diversity was fluctuant. And for some kinds of landscape patches, the integrity was much undermined, the spatial distribution was scattered and the degree of aggregation was fallen. From 1994 to 2008, the degree of aggregation between patches increased gradually. The situation of landscape fragmentation was under control. And, the land use types had a tendency towards diversification and homogenization.

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Geographic context affects the landscape change and fragmentation caused by wind energy facilities

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.7129 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e7129 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jay E. Diffendorfer ◽

Monica A. Dorning ◽

Jolene R. Keen ◽

Louisa A. Kramer ◽

Robert V. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Wind Energy ◽

Landscape Pattern ◽

Landscape Change ◽

Road Networks ◽

Landscape Fragmentation ◽

Landscape Patterns ◽

Core Area ◽

Area Index ◽

Geographic Context ◽

The Impact

Wind energy generation affects landscapes as new roads, pads, and transmission lines are constructed. Limiting the landscape change from these facilities likely minimizes impacts to biodiversity and sensitive wildlife species. We examined the effects of wind energy facilities’ geographic context on changes in landscape patterns using three metrics: portion of undeveloped land, core area index, and connectance index. We digitized 39 wind facilities and the surrounding land cover and measured landscape pattern before and after facility construction using the amount, core area, and connectivity of undeveloped land within one km around newly constructed turbines and roads. New facilities decreased the amount of undeveloped land by 1.8% while changes in metrics of landscape pattern ranged from 50 to 140%. Statistical models indicated pre-construction development was a key factor explaining the impact of new wind facilities on landscape metrics, with pre-construction road networks, turbine spacing, and topography having smaller influences. As the proportion of developed land around facilities increased, a higher proportion of the facility utilized pre-construction developed land and a lower density of new roads were built, resulting in smaller impacts to undeveloped landscapes. Building of new road networks was also a predictor of landscape fragmentation. Utilizing existing development and carefully placing turbines may provide opportunities to minimize the impacts of new wind energy facilities.

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Land Use and Landscape Pattern Changes in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China

Forests ◽

10.3390/f9100637 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 637 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Xiaohui Liu ◽

Yu An ◽

Guihua Dong ◽

Ming Jiang

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Landscape Pattern ◽

Northeast China ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Sanjiang Plain ◽

Paddy Fields ◽

Dynamic Monitoring ◽

The Sanjiang Plain ◽

Relative Change ◽

Landscape Level

Agricultural reclamation has been the major threat to land use changes in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China, over the past decades. However, spatial and temporal dynamics of land use and landscape, especially in the recent years, are not well known. In this study, land use and landscape pattern changes from 1982 to 2015 were analyzed using remote sensing data by splitting the period into five periods. The results indicated that the largest reduction of forestland area was 648.70 km2 during 1995–2000, and the relative change was −1.84%. The converted area of forestlands to dry farmlands in this period was about 90% of the total reduced forestland area. Marshland areas decreased remarkably by 63.29% and paddy fields increased by 1.78 times from 1982 to 2015. Paddy fields experienced large conversion into dry farmlands during 2005–2010 (1788.57 km2), followed by a reverse conversion from 1995 to 2000 (2379.60 km2). The difference of relative change revealed development speed of paddy field was faster than that of dry farmlands among the five periods. Landscape pattern was analyzed using class- and landscape-level metrics. The landscape diversity index and number of patches increased, which showed that the degrees of the forestland, marshland, and cropland landscape fragmentation were aggravated. Our study provides the effective means of land use dynamic monitoring and evaluation at the landscape level for the existing forestlands and marshlands protection.

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Multivariate micropollutants analysis in marine waters

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1995.0701 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 32 (9-10) ◽

pp. 341-348

Author(s):

V. Librando ◽

G. Magazzù ◽

A. Puglisi

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Data Analysis ◽

Partial Least Squares Regression ◽

Environmental Chemistry ◽

Sampling Site ◽

Principal Component ◽

Least Squares Regression ◽

Organic Micropollutants ◽

Suspended Material ◽

The Difference

The monitoring of water quality today provides a great quantity of data consisting of the values of the parameters measured as a function of time. In the marine environment, and especially in the suspended material, increasing importance is being given to the presence of organic micropollutants, particularly since some are known to be carcinogenic. As the number of measured parameters increases examining the data and their consequent interpretation becomes more difficult. To overcome such difficulties, numerous chemometric techniques have been introduced in environmental chemistry, such as Multivariate Data Analysis (MVDA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR). The use of the first technique in this work has been applied to the interpretation of the quality of Augusta bay, by measuring the concentration of numerous organic micropollutants, together with the classical water pollution parameters, in different sites and at different times. The MVDA has highlighted the difference between various sampling sites whose data were initially thought to be similar. Furthermore, it has allowed a choice of more significant parameters for future monitoring and more suitable sampling site locations.

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Development of the Statistical Model for Monitoring Salinization in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam Using Remote Sensing Data and In-Situ Measurements

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/iecg_2018-05362 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (10) ◽

pp. 565

Author(s):

Nguyen Nguyen Vu ◽

Le Van Trung ◽

Tran Thi Van

Keyword(s):

Statistical Model ◽

Mekong Delta ◽

Remote Sensing Data ◽

Principal Component ◽

Measured Data ◽

In Situ Measurements ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Spectral Bands ◽

Component Band

This article presents the methodology for developing a statistical model for monitoring salinity intrusion in the Mekong Delta based on the integration of satellite imagery and in-situ measurements. We used Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager and Thermal Infrared Sensor (Landsat- 8 OLI and TIRS) satellite data to establish the relationship between the planetary reflectance and the ground measured data in the dry season during 2014. The three spectral bands (blue, green, red) and the principal component band were used to obtain the most suitable models. The selected model showed a good correlation with the exponential function of the principal component band and the ground measured data (R2 > 0.8). Simulation of the salinity distribution along the river shows the intrusion of a 4 g/L salt boundary from the estuary to the inner field of more than 50 km. The developed model will be an active contribution, providing managers with adaptation and response solutions suitable for intrusion in the estuary as well as the inner field of the Mekong Delta.

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Distribution and Severity of Placental Lesions Caused by the Chlamydia abortus 1B Vaccine Strain in Vaccinated Ewes

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10050543 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 543

Author(s):

Sergio Gastón Caspe ◽

Javier Palarea-Albaladejo ◽

Clare Underwood ◽

Morag Livingstone ◽

Sean Ranjan Wattegedera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Outbreaks ◽

Principal Component ◽

Placental Pathology ◽

Wild Type ◽

Cell Infiltrate ◽

Chlamydia Abortus ◽

Vaccine Type ◽

The Difference ◽

Enzootic Abortion Of Ewes

Chlamydia abortus infects livestock species worldwide and is the cause of enzootic abortion of ewes (EAE). In Europe, control of the disease is achieved using a live vaccine based on C. abortus 1B strain. Although the vaccine has been useful for controlling disease outbreaks, abortion events due to the vaccine have been reported. Recently, placental pathology resulting from a vaccine type strain (vt) infection has been reported and shown to be similar to that resulting from a natural wild-type (wt) infection. The aim of this study was to extend these observations by comparing the distribution and severity of the lesions, the composition of the predominating cell infiltrate, the amount of bacteria present and the role of the blood supply in infection. A novel system for grading the histological and pathological features present was developed and the resulting multi-parameter data were statistically transformed for exploration and visualisation through a tailored principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate the difference between them. The analysis provided no evidence of meaningful differences between vt and wt strains in terms of the measured pathological parameters. The study also contributes a novel methodology for analysing the progression of infection in the placenta for other abortifacient pathogens.

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