scholarly journals Distributional Regression Techniques in Socioeconomic Research on the Inequality of Health with an Application on the Relationship between Mental Health and Income

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 4009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Silbersdorff ◽  
Kai Sebastian Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Generalized Additive Models ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Mental Health Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
German Socioeconomic Panel ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distributional Regression

This study addresses the much-discussed issue of the relationship between health and income. In particular, it focuses on the relation between mental health and household income by using generalized additive models of location, scale and shape and thus employing a distributional perspective. Furthermore, this study aims to give guidelines to applied researchers interested in taking a distributional perspective on health inequalities. In our analysis we use cross-sectional data of the German socioeconomic Panel (SOEP). We find that when not only looking at the expected mental health score of an individual but also at other distributional aspects, like the risk of moderate and severe mental illness, that the relationship between income and mental health is much more pronounced. We thus show that taking a distributional perspective, can add to and indeed enrich the mostly mean-based assessment of existent health inequalities.

scholarly journals Dose response association of objective physical activity with mental health in a representative national sample of adults: a cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paquito Bernard ◽  
Isabelle Doré ◽  
Romain Ahmed Jérôme ◽  
Gabriel Hains-Monfette ◽  
Kingsbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Generalized Additive Models ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Representative National Sample

Although higher physical activity (PA) levels are associated with better mental health, previous findings about the shape of the dose–response relationship between PA and mental health are inconsistent. Furthermore, this association may differ according to sedentary levels. We investigated the cross-sectional dose-response associations between objectively measured PA and mental health in a representative national sample of adults. We also examined whether sedentary time modified the PA - mental health associations. Based on 2007-2013 Canadian Health Measures Survey data, PA and sedentary time were measured using accelerometry among 8150 participants, aged 20 to 79 years. Generalized additive models with a smooth function were fitted to examine associations between minutes per day of moderate and vigorous PA (MVPA), light PA (LPA), daily steps (combined or not with sedentary time) and self-rated mental health. A significant curvilinear relationship between average daily minutes of MVPA and mental health was observed, with increasing benefits up to 50 minutes/day. For LPA, a more complex shape (monotonic and curvilinear) was found. For daily steps, inverted U-shaped curve suggested increasing benefits until a plateau between 5000 and 16000 steps. The MVPA-LPA combination was significantly associated with mental health but with a complex pattern. The tested PA-sedentary time combinations showed that increasing sedentary time decreased the positive PA-mental health associations. Non-linear dose-response patterns between the PA modalities and self-reported mental health were observed. Optimal doses of daily minutes of MVPA, LPA, MVPA combined with LPA and daily steps are independently associated with better mental health in adults. The results also suggest that PA-mental health associations could be hampered by daily sedentary time.

scholarly journals A good-quality breakfast is associated with better mental health in adolescence

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese A O’Sullivan ◽  
Monique Robinson ◽  
Garth E Kendall ◽  
Margaret Miller ◽  
Peter Jacoby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Mental Health Score ◽  
Additional Food ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Score ◽  
Food Diaries ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObjectiveBreakfast consumption has been associated with better mental health in adulthood, but the relationship between breakfast and mental health in adolescence is less well known. The aims of the present study were to evaluate breakfast quality in a cohort of adolescents and to investigate associations with mental health.DesignCross-sectional population-based study. Breakfast quality was assessed by intake of core food groups at breakfast, as determined from 3 d food diaries. Mental health was assessed using the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), with higher scores representing poorer behaviour.SettingThe Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study, Perth, Western Australia.SubjectsEight hundred and thirty-six males and females aged between 13 and 15 years.ResultsMean mental health score as assessed by the CBCL was 45·24 (sd11·29). A high-quality breakfast consisting of at least three food groups was consumed by 11 % of adolescents, while 7 % of adolescents did not consume any items from core food groups on average over the 3 d period. The two most common core food groups consumed at breakfast in this population were dairy products followed by breads and cereals. For every additional food group eaten at breakfast, the associated total mental health score decreased by 1·66 (95 % CI −2·74, −0·59) after adjustment for potential confounding factors, representing an improvement in mental health score.ConclusionThese findings support the concept that breakfast quality is an important component in the complex interaction between lifestyle factors and mental health in early adolescence.

The Relationship between Mobility and COVID-19 in Germany: Modeling Case Occurrence using Apple's Mobility Trends Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark David Walker ◽  
Mihály Sulyok
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Additive Models ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Online Data ◽  
German Government ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Community Mobility ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract Background Restrictions on social interaction and movement were implemented by the German government in March 2020 to reduce the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Apple's “Mobility Trends” (AMT) data details levels of community mobility; it is a novel resource of potential use to epidemiologists. Objective The aim of the study is to use AMT data to examine the relationship between mobility and COVID-19 case occurrence for Germany. Is a change in mobility apparent following COVID-19 and the implementation of social restrictions? Is there a relationship between mobility and COVID-19 occurrence in Germany? Methods AMT data illustrates mobility levels throughout the epidemic, allowing the relationship between mobility and disease to be examined. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were established for Germany, with mobility categories, and date, as explanatory variables, and case numbers as response. Results Clear reductions in mobility occurred following the implementation of movement restrictions. There was a negative correlation between mobility and confirmed case numbers. GAM using all three categories of mobility data accounted for case occurrence as well and was favorable (AIC or Akaike Information Criterion: 2504) to models using categories separately (AIC with “driving,” 2511. “transit,” 2513. “walking,” 2508). Conclusion These results suggest an association between mobility and case occurrence. Further examination of the relationship between movement restrictions and COVID-19 transmission may be pertinent. The study shows how new sources of online data can be used to investigate problems in epidemiology.

scholarly journals Attitude toward Aging Mediates the Relationship between Personality and Mental Health in Older Adults

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Teshome Sirak Bedaso ◽  
Buxin Han
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Mediator ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed to examine attitude toward aging as a potential mediator of the relationship between personality factors and mental health in terms of depression and life satisfaction among older adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 438 Ethiopian elderly individuals aged 60 to 69. The results of the regression-based path analysis showed that after adjusting for demographic data, the relationship between agreeableness and depression in older adults was partially mediated by attitude toward aging. Likewise, attitude toward physical change due to aging and psychological growth subscales jointly mediated the correlation between neuroticism and depression. However, a significant direct path between neuroticism and depression persisted. On the contrary, openness had no significant direct association with depression apart from an indirect through psychosocial loss. The link between life satisfaction and agreeableness as well as openness to experience were partially mediated by psychosocial loss. Therefore, a person’s attitude toward aging and personality characteristics should be taken into consideration while designing interventions for managing mental health issues among older adults.

scholarly journals Prevalence of internalizing disorders, symptoms, and traits across age using advanced nonlinear models

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hanna M. van Loo ◽  
Lian Beijers ◽  
Martijn Wieling ◽  
Trynke R. de Jong ◽  
Robert A. Schoevers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Generalized Additive Models ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Internalizing Disorders ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Most epidemiological studies show a decrease of internalizing disorders at older ages, but it is unclear how the prevalence exactly changes with age, and whether there are different patterns for internalizing symptoms and traits, and for men and women. This study investigates the impact of age and sex on the point prevalence across different mood and anxiety disorders, internalizing symptoms, and neuroticism. Methods We used cross-sectional data on 146 315 subjects, aged 18–80 years, from the Lifelines Cohort Study, a Dutch general population sample. Between 2012 and 2016, five current internalizing disorders – major depression, dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, and panic disorder – were assessed according to DSM-IV criteria. Depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, neuroticism, and negative affect (NA) were also measured. Generalized additive models were used to identify nonlinear patterns across age, and to investigate sex differences. Results The point prevalence of internalizing disorders generally increased between the ages of 18 and 30 years, stabilized between 30 and 50, and decreased after age 50. The patterns of internalizing symptoms and traits were different. NA and neuroticism gradually decreased after age 18. Women reported more internalizing disorders than men, but the relative difference remained stable across age (relative risk ~1.7). Conclusions The point prevalence of internalizing disorders was typically highest between age 30 and 50, but there were differences between the disorders, which could indicate differences in etiology. The relative gap between the sexes remained similar across age, suggesting that changes in sex hormones around the menopause do not significantly influence women's risk of internalizing disorders.

ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERS IN NORTHEAST BRAZIL: HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL, SOCIAL AND SANITARY FACTORS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Samuel Matias Ribeiro ◽  
Lara de Melo Barbosa Andrade ◽  
Maria Helena Constantino Spyrides ◽  
Kellen Carla Lima ◽  
Pollyane Evangelista da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Additive Models ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Environmental Disasters ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Drought Occurrence

AbstractThe occurrence of environmental disasters affects different social segments, impacting health, education, housing, economy and the provision of basic services. Thus, the objective of this study was to estimate the relationship between the occurrence of disasters and extreme climate, sociosanitary and demographic conditions in the Northeast region of Brazil during the period from 1993 to 2013. Initially, we analyzed the spatial pattern of the incidence of events and, subsequently, generalized additive models for location, scale and shape were used in order to identify and estimate the magnitude of associations between factors. Results showed that droughts are the predominant disasters in the NEB representing 81.1% of the cases, followed by events triggered by excessive rainfall such as flash floods (11.1%) and floods (7.8%). Climate conditions presented statistically significant associations with the analyzed disasters, in which indicators of excess rainfall positively contributed to the occurrence of flash floods and floods, but negatively contributed to the occurrence of drought. Sociosanitary factors, such as percentage of households with inadequate sewage, waste collection and water supply, were also positively associated with the model’s estimations, i.e., contributing to an increase in the occurrence of events, with the exception of floods, which were not significantly influenced by sociosanitary parameters. A decrease of 19% in the risk of drought occurrence was estimated, on average. On the other hand, events caused by excessive rainfall increased by 40% and 57%, in the cases of flash floods and floods, respectively.

The relationship between disability and suicide: prospective evidence from the Ten to Men cohort

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Milner ◽  
Anne-Marie Bollier ◽  
Eric Emerson ◽  
Anne Kavanagh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background People with disabilities often face a range of social and economic adversities. Evidence suggests that these disadvantages result in poorer mental health. Some research also indicates that people with disabilities are more likely experience thoughts about suicide than people without disability, although most of this research is based on small cross-sectional samples. Methods We explored the relationship between self-reported disability (measured at baseline) and likelihood of reporting thoughts of suicide (measured at follow up) using a large longitudinal cohort of Australian males. A logistic regression model was conducted with thoughts of suicide within the past 12 months (yes or no) as the outcome and disability as the exposure. The models adjusted for relevant confounders, including mental health using the SF-12 MCS, and excluded males who reported thoughts of suicide at baseline. Results After adjustment, there was a 1.48 (95% CI: 0.98–2.23, P = 0.063) increase in the odds of thoughts of suicide among men who also reported a disability. The size of association was similar to that of being unemployed. Conclusions Males reporting disability may also suffer from thoughts of suicide. We speculate that discrimination may be one explanation for the observed association. More research on this topic is needed.

Promoting Athlete Mental Health: The Role of Emotion Regulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Georgia A. Bird ◽  
Mary L. Quinton ◽  
Jennifer Cumming
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Managing Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
University Athletes

This study investigated the relationship between reappraisal and suppression with depression and mental well-being among university athletes. It was hypothesized reappraisal would associate with lower depression and greater mental well-being, whereas suppression would associate with greater depression and reduced mental well-being. Employing a cross-sectional design, 427 participants (Mage = 20.18, SD = 1.52; 188 males and 239 females) completed questionnaires assessing mental health and strategy use. Hierarchical multiple regressions revealed reappraisal was positively associated, and suppression negatively associated with mental well-being, ΔR2 = 4.8%, ΔF(2, 422) = 17.01, p ≤ .001; suppression, β = −0.08, p = .028; reappraisal, β = 0.21, p ≤ .001, but neither were associated with depression, ΔR2 = 0.4%, ΔF(2, 422) = 1.33, p = .267; suppression, β = 0.06, p = .114; reappraisal, β = 0.03, p = .525. Results highlight reappraisal as correlated with mental well-being in student-athletes, and therefore, reappraisal could be beneficial for managing stress in sport. Reappraisal may implicate how well-being is promoted through sport, but future experimental research is needed to confirm causal relationships.

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