Trends and Age-Period-Cohort Effects of Fertility Rate: Analysis of 26,224 Married Women in Taiwan

Taiwan and a few Asian societies have had among the lowest fertility rates in the world for the past decade. Understanding the reasons behind the low fertility and designing policies accordingly to improve fertility has been a priority of governments in the region. It what follows we examine the low fertility rate in Taiwan by studying the trend of actual fertility rate and desired fertility rate in Taiwan using an age-period-cohort (APC) model. Using the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of contraception survey data between 1973 and 2004, we applied APC analyses on the actual fertility rate and desired fertility rate of married women. We found that youngest cohorts (the mid-cohort year 1983) had 10% higher actual fertility and 15% higher desired fertility compared to those who were born in 1959–1965, respectively. Additionally, we attributed current lowest-low fertility (at or below 1.3) to late marriages. There is a lag between the actual and desired fertility rates in KAP survey due to tempo effect. Furthermore, the trends of the cohort effects of both fertility rates in KAP surveys are reversing in Taiwan. Consequently, increase total fertility rate (TFR) should encourage marriage among the marriageable population and reward married and childbearing households.

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INADEQUATE PRACTICE RELATED OF THE PAPANICOLAOU TEST AMONG WOMEN

Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0104-07072017005050015 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elainy Fabrícia Galdino Dantas Malta ◽

Fabiane do Amaral Gubert ◽

Camila Teixeira Moreira Vasconcelos ◽

Emília Soares Chaves ◽

João Marcos Ferreira de Lima Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Single Women ◽

Married Women ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Papanicolaou Test ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Attitude And Practice ◽

Knowledge Attitude And Practice

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the factors related to inadequate practice of the Papanicolaou test among women in northeastern Brazil. Method: cross-sectional study using a KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE inquiry, performed from June to October, 2013, with 240 women aged between 24 and 59 years. Results: inadequacies were observed, particularly in knowledge, because, despite having information about the examination, it was only used to detect sexually transmitted infections. Regarding the issue of practice, it was noted that single women and those up to 29 years of age were more likely to present inadequate practice than the older and married women, increasing the likelihood of developing cervical cancer. The greater difficulty for performing the examination was the lack of materials (68.1%). Conclusion: clarification for women regarding the examination requires effective communication between the users and health professionals, as well as guarantees and support for the continuity of care by managers.

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Knowledge, attitude and practice of family planning among married women of reproductive age in a VDC of eastern Nepal

Journal of Chitwan Medical College ◽

10.3126/jcmc.v6i1.16655 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 48-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S Uprety ◽

I S Poudel ◽

A Ghimire ◽

M Poudel ◽

S Bhattrai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Married Women ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Modern Contraceptive ◽

Contraceptive Methods ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Attitude And Practice ◽

Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Contraceptive use and fertility rates vary substantially among developing countries. An important factor, which affects the fertility of any population, is Contraceptive. Contraceptive use varies by age. Nepal over the past 15 years show an impressive increase in the use of modern contraceptive methods from 26 percent in 1996 to 43 percent in 2011. Objectives of the is to assess the knowledge, attitude regarding family planning and the practice of contraceptives among the married women of Dhabi VDC of Eastern Nepal. A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was done in Dhabi VDC. Total of 300 married women age 15-49 sample were taken from family planning center situated in Dhabi. Knowledge, attitude and practice on contraceptives were evaluated with the help of a predesigned questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was done by using SPSS 11.5 software to obtain frequencies and percentages. Out of 300 interviewed women, the mean age was 27.94 years, 98% had heard about Family planning method. Radio was the main Source of family planning information. Regarding the usage of contraceptive methods, about 79.3% had ever used and 63.3 had current using some sort of contraception, among the method used Injectables were the commonly used methods About 71% of married women other child in the further. Despite the knowledge of all family planning methods majority of the women used Injectables. Easily accessible and easily to use were the main reasons for choosing Injectables methods.

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Has fertility increased at very high levels of development?

10.31235/osf.io/cufpa ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hampton Gray Gaddy

Keyword(s):

Human Development Index ◽

National Level ◽

Low Fertility ◽

Clear Relationship ◽

Fertility Rates ◽

Social Scientists ◽

The Past ◽

Level Data ◽

The Relationship ◽

Very High

Increasing development is historically associated with fertility declines. However, demographic paradigms disagree about whether that relationship should hold at very high levels of development. Using national-level data through 2005, Myrskylä, Kohler, and Billari (2009) found that very high levels of the Human Development Index (HDI) were associated with increasing total fertility rates (TFR). This paper updates that finding with data up to 2017. It investigates whether the observed association has continued to hold for the countries originally studied and whether it holds for countries that have more recently reached very high HDI. For countries that reached HDI ≥ 0.8 in 2000 or before (n=27), the data indicate no clear relationship between changes in HDI and TFR at HDI ≥ 0.8. There is also no clear relationship for countries that reached HDI ≥ 0.8 between 2001 and 2010 (n=13). For countries that reached HDI ≥ 0.8 in 2000 or before, there appear to have been notable increases in TFR between 2000 and 2010, but those gains appear to have completely reversed between 2010 and 2017. The past finding of TFR increases at very high levels of development has not borne out in recent years. In fact, TFRs declined markedly in very high development countries between 2010 and 2017. This paper contributes to the debate over the relationship between development and fertility. That debate has an important bearing on how low fertility is conceived by social scientists and policymakers.

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Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice regarding Food, and Waterborne Outbreak after Massive Diarrhea Outbreak in Yazd Province, Iran, Summer 2013

International Scholarly Research Notices ◽

10.1155/2014/403058 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zahra Cheraghi ◽

Batul Okhovat ◽

Amin Doosti Irani ◽

Mojgan Talaei ◽

Elham Ahmadnezhad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Health Information ◽

Education Level ◽

Health Centers ◽

Survey Study ◽

Waterborne Outbreak ◽

Attitude And Practice ◽

Kap Survey ◽

Gender Education ◽

Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Objective. This Study was conducted after a diarrhea outbreak that occurred in Yazd Province, Iran. The aim of the study was to compare knowledge, attitude, practice, and other risk factors of the affected communities regarding diarrhea outbreak (the cities of Zarch, Meybod, and Ardakan) to nonaffected communities (the cities of Yazd and Taft). Methods. A knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) survey study was conducted from August to September 2013 enrolling 505 subjects who were referred to health centers anonymously during the epidemic. The questionnaire included the following four parts: (a) general characteristics such as gender, education level, source of health information obtaining; (b) 12 questions on knowledge (Min = 0, Max = 36); (c) 10 questions on attitude (Min = 0, Max = 50); and (d) nine questions on practice (Min = 0, Max = 27). Results. The overall mean score of knowledge, attitude, and practice was 28.17 (SD = 4.58), 37.07 (SD = 4.39), and 21.31 (SD = 3.81), respectively. Practice on food- and waterborne outbreaks was significantly higher in females (P=0.001) and in nonaffected communities (P=0.031). Conclusions. Nonaffected communities had a considerably better practice score. With the increase in the score of knowledge about food- and waterborne outbreaks, the score of practice increased slightly.

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Knowledge, attitude and practice of maternal health care amongst the married women in a rural area of Bangladesh

Ibrahim Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/imcj.v5i1.9855 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 13-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sonia Shirin

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Maternal Health ◽

Rural Women ◽

Home Delivery ◽

Married Women ◽

Maternal Health Care ◽

Physical Work ◽

Monthly Income ◽

Attitude And Practice ◽

Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Bangladesh is facing a big challenge in reducing maternal and neonatal mortality. Addressing maternal health issues is now on the global social agenda in the new millennium. This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in the unions of Sreepur Upazilla in March 2010 among 300 rural married women having at least one living child. Data were collected by face to face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice on maternal health care of married women in Sreepur Upazilla. The mean ± SD age of women was 33.5 ± 10.4 years and monthly income was Tk. 6,518.3 ± 5,142.4. Reproductive history of the women reveals that mean ± SD age at marriage, age at first child, and parity were 15.3 ± 2.9, 18.2 ± 3, 3 ± 2 years respectively. Only 42.3% of the respondents knew about swelling of the foot, 36.3% were aware of fits, 25.7% knew about severe headache and 24.7% knew about unusual bleeding as warning signs of pregnancy. About 84.3% respondents knew that the first meal of the baby should be colostrum. Among the participants 57%, 70.7% and 62.3% had average knowledge on ANC, INC and PNC respectively. Rural married women having a positive attitude towards maternal health care was 96.3% in ANC, 80% in home delivery, 61.3% in hospital delivery and 95.3% in PNC. It was found that 35.6% and 27.1% respondents were taking ANC 3 and 4 times respectively. Among the respondents 66.7% had done their laboratory examination and 84.7% took vitamins adequately. About 67.2% respondents performed normal physical work as before during pregnancy and 30.5% took more food than before. Home delivery was practiced by 88.3% respondents and 10.3% women delivered their baby at the hospital. Among the respondents who delivered their baby at home, 64.9% of them practiced few of the features of safe home delivery. Practice was good on ANC among 55.3% respondents where poor practice was found 69.3% on INC and 72.3% on PNC. Age and monthly income were related to knowledge on ANC (P<.001, P<.05) and PNC (P<.01, P<.05) respectively. Practice on maternal health care also related to socio-economic condition of the rural women. Women in rural settings are vulnerable due to poor maternal health care and exposed to risk of pregnancy and child birth. Appropriate health education activities, encouraging institutional delivery and development of socio-economic status are key factors to improve our maternal health.Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2011; 5(1): 13-16 Key Words: Knowledge; attitude; practice; maternal health care; Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v5i1.9855

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Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Hospital Delivery among Rural Married Women in Northern Bangladesh

Ibrahim Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/imcj.v3i1.2914 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 17-20

Author(s):

Nawzia Yasmin ◽

Khairul Alam ◽

Suman Lahiry ◽

Mahmud Hossain Faruquee ◽

Tamjida Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Negative Attitude ◽

Emergency Obstetric Care ◽

Married Women ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Safe Motherhood ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hospital Delivery ◽

Safe Delivery ◽

Attitude And Practice ◽

Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Various programs for safe motherhood aiming to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality are undertaken by public sectors as well as the NGOs. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on the married women in their reproductive age (15-40y) belonging to 211 households of Shitlai village of Kahalu Thana of Bogra district in Bangladesh from January to April 2007. Using a semi-structured questionnaire, data were collected by door-to-door visits and through face-to-face interviews with the respondents. Considering the knowledge on safe motherhood and safe delivery, majority of the respondents (98.6%) mentioned that every pregnant mother should receive antenatal care, and 97.6% said that pregnancy is a period of risk. Regarding safety, 96.2% mentioned hospital delivery as safe, while 80.6% mentioned home delivery as a risk. Among the respondents, 70.1% said that ANC is important, 29.9% was found to be informed of child birth complications, 16.1% knew the duration of pregnancy, 8.1% knew the danger signs of pregnancy, 4.7% about emergency obstetric care (EOC), 4.3% about expected date of delivery (EDD), 2.4% about safe motherhood and 28.4% about the access of health facilities in the village. Among the respondents, 85.3% showed a positive attitude towards hospital delivery while 14.7% had a negative attitude. Study also showed that majority of the respondents (66.8%) had delivered at home, and only onefourth of the respondents delivered their index child in a hospital. Thus the study recommends to improve the knowledge, economic status, to change the decision making process through the launching of different activities with appropriate health programmes. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2009; 3(1): 17-20 Key Words: Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP), hospital delivery, married women doi: 10.3329/imcj.v3i1.2914

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Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Family Planning among Married Women Living in Jalingo, Nigeria

Nigerian Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review ◽

10.12816/0040339 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 9-17

Author(s):

Oberiri Destiny Apuke

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Married Women ◽

Attitude And Practice ◽

Knowledge Attitude And Practice

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Fertility dynamics and reproductive behaviour of men and women entering into marriage in the Republic of Bashkortostan

Population and Economics ◽

10.3897/popecon.5.e64858 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 55-75

Author(s):

Yana A. Skryabina

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Behaviour ◽

Fertility Rate ◽

Low Fertility ◽

Reproduction Rate ◽

Fertility Rates ◽

Expected Number ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Reproductive Intentions ◽

Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽

The Republic

The article is devoted to the analysis of the fertility rate dynamics in the Republic of Bashkortostan and the study of the reproductive behaviour of the population entering into a registered marriage. The author examines the crude and total fertility rates, the net population reproduction rate, the total fertility rate by the order of births, as well as age-specific fertility rates. In addition, basing on the data of population surveys, the author regards reproductive intentions of citizens applying for marriage in the registry office, as well as reasons that may prevent them from having a child. The study shows that the Republic of Bashkortostan is characterized by a low fertility rate; the generation of children does not replace the generation of parents. The reproductive intentions of the respondents measured by the desired and expected number of children correspond to the small (two-child) family model. Among the main reasons that can prevent the birth of a child, the first two are financial and housing difficulties, and third is the desire to live for oneself for a while.

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