scholarly journals Integrated IEW-TOPSIS and Fire Dynamics Simulation for Agent-Based Evacuation Modeling in Industrial Safety

Safety ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Wattana Chanthakhot ◽  
Kasin Ransikarbum
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Entropy Weight ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Modeling ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Impact

Emergency events in the industrial sector have been increasingly reported during the past decade. However, studies that focus on emergency evacuation to improve industrial safety are still scarce. Existing evacuation-related studies also lack a perspective of fire assembly point’s analysis. In this research, location of assembly points is analyzed using the multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) technique based on the integrated information entropy weight (IEW) and techniques for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) to support the fire evacuation plan. Next, we propose a novel simulation model that integrates fire dynamics simulation coupled with agent-based evacuation simulation to evaluate the impact of smoke and visibility from fire on evacuee behavior. Factors related to agent and building characteristics are examined for fire perception of evacuees, evacuees with physical disabilities, escape door width, fire location, and occupancy density. Then, the proposed model is applied to a case study of a home appliance factory in Chachoengsao, Thailand. Finally, results for the total evacuation time and the number of remaining occupants are statistically examined to suggest proper evacuation planning.

scholarly journals An Agent-Based Simulation of Deep Foundation Pit Emergency Evacuation Modeling in the Presence of Collapse Disaster

Symmetry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weilong Yang ◽  
Yue Hu ◽  
Cong Hu ◽  
Mei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Deep Foundation ◽  
Foundation Pit ◽  
Evacuation Modeling ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Deep Foundation Pit ◽  
Decision Making System ◽  
Escape Process ◽  
Exit Distribution

With the gradual expansion of high buildings and underground spaces, deep foundation pits have been widely used in these engineering projects, but if they are not well-designed, safety problems occur. Proper deep foundation pit design requires proper exit distribution. However, calculating an adequate number of exit distributions for evaluation is difficult due to the numerous influential factors existing in the deep foundation pit environment. To this end, this paper presents a prototype of a decision-making system that uses agent-based modeling to simulate deep foundation pit evacuation in the presence of collapse disaster. By modeling the collapse occurrence process and agent escape process, an agent-based evacuation model is built, and a modified simulation-based particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem of exit distribution. Extensive experiments are conducted to verify the system, and the results show that the system provides a feasible framework for deep foundation pit evacuation.

Earthquake evacuation simulation of multi-story buildings during earthquakes

2020 ◽  
pp. 875529302095735
Author(s):  
Jun He
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Earthquake Excitation ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Damage Processes ◽  
Random Vibration Analysis

Through combining a network-based pedestrian dynamics simulation model, simplified probabilistic structural damage assessment, and structural random vibration analysis, a fully random evacuation model is proposed for simulating and analyzing earthquake evacuation processes of multi-story buildings during earthquakes. The model simplifies the simulation of three-dimensional pedestrian dynamics, couples the emergency evacuation processes and damage processes of structures, and takes into account the randomness of pedestrian dynamics, structural damage, and earthquake excitation. The model can be used for the fast pre-evaluation or evaluation of the earthquake evacuation capabilities of multi-story buildings. The simulation and analysis of the earthquake evacuation process of a three-story office building, in which a total of 60 persons work in the first and second stories, illustrates the effectiveness and implementation of the proposed model.

Route-Choice Modeling for Pedestrian Evacuation Based on Infrastructure Knowledge and Personal Preferences

2017 ◽  
Vol 2623 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Stubenschrott ◽  
Thomas Matyus ◽  
Helmut Schrom-Feiertag ◽  
Christian Kogler ◽  
Stefan Seer
Keyword(s):  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Route Choice ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Route Choice Behavior ◽  
Crowd Density ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, pedestrian simulation has been a valuable tool for the quantitative assessment of egress performance in various environments during emergency evacuation. For a high level of realism, an evacuation simulation requires a behavioral model that takes into account behavioral aspects of real pedestrians. In many studies, however, it is assumed that simulated pedestrians have a global knowledge of the infrastructure and choose either a predefined or the shortest route. It is questionable whether this simplification provides realistic results. This study addresses the problem of human-like route-choice behavior for microscopic pedestrian simulations. A route-choice model is presented that considers two concepts: first, the modeling of infrastructure knowledge to represent the variations in the decision-making processes of pedestrians with different degrees of familiarity with the infrastructure (e.g., regular commuters versus first-time visitors). Second, for each pedestrian the internal preference for selecting a certain path can be calibrated to allow the choice for the fastest routes or the ones that are most convenient for the agent (e.g., by avoiding stairs). The approach here uses a hybrid route-choice behavior model composed of a graph-based macrolevel representation of the environment, which is augmented with local information to avoid obstacles and dense crowds in the vicinity. This method was applied with different parameter sets in an evacuation study of a multilevel subway station. The results show the impact of these parameters on evacuation times, use of infrastructure elements, and crowd density at specific locations.

scholarly journals Emergency evacuation simulation of commercial aircraft

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Gobbin ◽  
Raman Khosravi ◽  
Andreas Bardenhagen
Keyword(s):  
Walking Speed ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Agent Based Simulation ◽  
Body Dimension ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Collision Response ◽  
To Receive

AbstractIn order to receive certification approval for new products, aircraft manufacturers have to comply with the specifications regarding cabin evacuation. In case of real evacuation trials, agent-based simulation can be deployed, as they are a less cost-intensive mean of analysing passenger behaviour during the evacuation of commercial aircraft. This paper aims at examining the suitability of agent-based simulation software to reproduce passenger behaviour during evacuation processes. For this purpose, the algorithms and methods of the software PATHFINDER are introduced. Besides, the cabin of a single aisle aircraft is reconstructed in a high-density configuration using software-specific tools. A representative passenger distribution is implemented according to EASA regulations. Evacuation simulations for a single-aisle aircraft are conducted taking EASA standards into account. The effect of vital parameters such as walking speed, body dimension, conflict behaviour, collision response, acceleration time and exit allocation on evacuation times are examined. Results are discussed and examined for plausibility in order to determine whether evacuation simulations of commercial aircraft are possible using agent-based simulation software.

Model of Household Trip-Chain Sequencing in Emergency Evacuation

2003 ◽  
Vol 1831 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela M. Murray-Tuite ◽  
Hani S. Mahmassani
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Household Behavior ◽  
Linear Programs ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Modeling ◽  
Trip Chain ◽  
Household Members

An evacuation modeling framework that bridges the gap between observed household behavior and traditional evacuation models is presented. Numerous observers have noted that household members seek each other and then evacuate as a single unit. The desire to find relatives before leaving an area may result in people moving toward the danger instead of away from it. This pattern has not been captured by traditional evacuation models, which assume that people immediately move away from the danger. The gap between observed behavior and theoretical models leads to longer-than-expected evacuation times. A series of two linear integer programs provide an expression for the household behavior in evacuation conditions. The first formulation determines the meeting location for the household members. The second formulation determines which drivers pick up each of the family members and the sequence of the collection. Tying these linear programs to traffic simulation software allows for a more complete evacuation simulation. Furthermore, information supply strategies may be incorporated into the simulation. The effect of information on reassignment and resequencing may also be examined.

scholarly journals Fire Emergency Evacuation Simulation of a shopping mall using Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Easir A Khan ◽  
Mohammad Abir Ahmed ◽  
Emamul Haque Khan ◽  
Suvash C Majumder
Keyword(s):  
Design Pattern ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Modeling ◽  
Movement Dynamics ◽  
Dynamic Simulator ◽  
Fire Dynamic Simulator

Fire accident in a shopping mall, garments factory and other labor intensive industries nowadays has become a common incident in Bangladesh and poses a great threat to life, facilities and economy of our country. In this work, fire and evacuation simulation was performed for a single stored shopping complex utilizing computational fluid dynamic techniques. Fire Dynamic Simulator with evacuation (FDS+Evac) software was used to simulate a shopping mall fire and study the effects of fire on the emergency egress process of people. The shopping mall of area 64 m2 comprises of seven rooms with a pool fire at the center of the mall is modeled for simulation. The total evacuation time (TET) for a fixed population density were estimated with the change of heat release rate, soot yield, soot density and the design pattern or geometry of shopping mall. The evacuation of agents in different time and different design pattern of the mall has been assessed using the data obtained from the simulation. FDS+Evac provides an integrating platform where the interaction between fire growth and evacuees can be taken into account by simultaneous simulation allowing a full coupling of the fire conditions and human behavior. This makes FDS is an effective tool for simulating large and high density crowds where the movement dynamics of evacuees is affected by the crowd pressure. Full scale fire experiment is often quite difficult to study the fine and crowds evacuation behavior. This paper illustrates a promising application of fire dynamic simulator (FDS+Evac) for fire and evacuation modeling to predict the total evacuation time.Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 30, No. 1, 2017: 32-36

Towards Agent-Based Grid-Enabled and Sensor-Driven Fire Dynamics Simulation Harnessed Over Bluetooth and Wi-Fi Devices

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Michopoulos ◽  
Panayota Tsompanopoulou ◽  
Elias N. Houstis ◽  
Anupam Joshi ◽  
Sasikanth Avancha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Handheld Devices ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Technological Infrastructure ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Fire Propagation ◽  
Heterogeneous Technologies ◽  
Propagation Prediction

The present paper is motivated by the need to develop technological infrastructure for informed and reliable decision support in various crisis and disaster management situations. It describes our prototype data-driven fire hazard simulator capable of predicting fire propagation dynamics that allows the user to take decisions based on reliable micro-future predictions of fire propagation based on potential personnel actions. Several heterogeneous technologies are integrated to achieve this goal. The GRID is utilized for running legacy codes enabling fire-propagation prediction. Sensor networks are used to enable simulation steering and correction. Base-stations enable data and communications coordination. Handheld or other wearable devices are terminal and initial points of interaction of the first responders with the rest of the system. Agent middleware is utilized to coordinate all heterogeneous software present. A demonstration of the first incarnation of this infrastructure is implemented over Bluetooth and WiFi enabled communications between the handheld devices and the base-stations involved.

scholarly journals Agent-based Investigation of the Impact of Low Rates of Influenza on Next Season Influenza Infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary G Krauland ◽  
David D Galloway ◽  
Jonathan M Raviotta ◽  
Richard K Zimmerman ◽  
Mark S Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Past Infection ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Cross Immunity ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntroductionInterventions to curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the 2020-21 influenza season essentially eliminated influenza during that season. Given waning antibody titers over time, future residual population immunity against influenza will be reduced. The implication for the subsequent 2021-22 influenza season is unknown.MethodsWe used an agent-based model of influenza implemented in the FRED (Framework for Reconstructing Epidemiological Dynamics) simulation platform to estimate cases and hospitalization over two succeeding influenza seasons. The model uses a synthetic population to represent an actual population, and individual interactions in workplaces, school, households and neighborhoods. The impact of reduced residual immunity was estimated as a consequence of increased protective measures (e.g., social distancing and school closure) in the first season. The impact was contrasted by the level of similarity (cross-immunity) between influenza strains over the seasons.ResultsWhen the second season strains were dissimilar to the first season (have a low level of cross immunity), a low first season has limited impact on second season cases. When a high level of cross-immunity exists between strains in the 2 seasons, the first season has a much greater impact on the second season. In both cases this is modified by the transmissibility of strains in the 2 seasons. In the context of the 2021-22 season, the worst case scenario is a highly transmissible strain causing increased cases and hospitalizations over average influenza seasons, with a possible significant increase in cases in some scenarios. The most likely overall scenario for 2021-22 is a more modest increase in flu cases over an average season.DiscussionGiven the light 2020-21 season, we found that a large, compensatory second season might occur in 2021-22, depending on cross-immunity from past infection and transmissibility of strains. Furthermore, we found that enhanced vaccine coverage could reduce this high, compensatory season. Young children may be especially at risk in 2021-22 since very young children were unlikely to have had any exposure to infection and most immunity in that age group would be from vaccination, which wanes quickly.

Agent-based modeling of emergency evacuation in a railway station square under sarin terrorist attack

2016 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 1750022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Ma ◽  
Bin Chen ◽  
Sihang Qiu ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Xiaogang Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Railway Station ◽  
Evacuation Modeling ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Planning Algorithm ◽  
Path Planning Algorithm ◽  
Support Decision Making

Evacuation modeling is a promising measure to support decision making in scenarios such as flooding, explosion, terrorist attack and other emergency incidents. Given the special attention to the terrorist attack, we build up an agent-based evacuation model in a railway station square under sarin terrorist attack to analyze such incident. Sarin dispersion process is described by Gaussian puff model. Due to sarin’s special properties of being colorless and odorless, we focus more on the modeling of agents’ perceiving and reasoning process and use a Belief, Desire, Intention (BDI) architecture to solve the problem. Another contribution of our work is that we put forward a path planning algorithm which not only take distance but also comfort and threat factors into consideration. A series of simulation experiments demonstrate the ability of the proposed model and examine some crucial factors in sarin terrorist attack evacuation. Though far from perfect, the proposed model could serve to support decision making.

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