scholarly journals Adolescent Health Literacy in Beijing and Melbourne: A Cross-Cultural Comparison

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuaijun Guo ◽  
Xiaoming Yu ◽  
Elise Davis ◽  
Rebecca Armstrong ◽  
Elisha Riggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Adolescent Health ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Cultural Groups

While adolescent health literacy has gained momentum, it is under-researched from a cross-cultural perspective. This study aims to compare health literacy among two cultural groups of secondary students in Beijing and Melbourne. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 770 students from five secondary schools in Beijing and Melbourne. A self-administered questionnaire was designed to collect information on health literacy (the eight-item health literacy assessment tool (HLAT-8), the Newest Vital Sign (NVS) and the 47-item Health Literacy Survey (HLS-47)), its antecedents and health outcomes. Overall, students’ health literacy in Melbourne (n = 120) was higher than that in Beijing (n = 650): 28.25 ± 6.00 versus 26.37 ± 5.89 (HLAT-8); and 4.13 ± 1.73 versus 3.65 ± 1.64 (NVS). The proportion of students with low health literacy varied by instruments, representing 23.7–32.2% in Melbourne and 29.0%–45.5% in Beijing. In both cultural groups, students’ self-efficacy, social support, and perceptions of school environment were associated with their health literacy, which in turn predicted their health behaviours, patient-provider communication and health status. Given the nature of our study design and small samples, a cautious conclusion would be that adolescent health literacy is sensitive to the broad cultural context and might be an interactive outcome influenced by an individual’s health skills and the social environment. Particularly, creating a supportive school environment is critical to develop adolescent health literacy that would eventually contribute to better health outcomes.

Health Literacy and Its Mediating Role in Predicting Health Behaviors Among Chinese Secondary Students

2020 ◽  
pp. 101053952098092
Author(s):  
Shuaijun Guo ◽  
Lucio Naccarella ◽  
Xiaoming Yu ◽  
Rebecca Armstrong ◽  
Geoffrey Browne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Chinese School

While health literacy research in mainland China has gained increasing attention, most studies focus on adults. This study aimed to examine the mediating role of health literacy in the relationship between a range of upstream factors and health behaviors among Chinese secondary students. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 650 students in Years 7 to 9 from 4 secondary schools in Beijing. Based on an adapted health literacy framework from Manganello, a self-administered questionnaire was designed to collect information on upstream factors, health literacy, and health behaviors. Path analysis results showed that the proposed framework was mostly supported by empirical data after modification indices were examined and 3 direct paths were added. Students’ self-efficacy, social support, and school environment were associated with health literacy, which in turn predicted health behaviors. A holistic approach is needed to improve both adolescent health literacy and health behaviors for Chinese school-aged adolescents.

Family Buying Decisions: A Cross-Cultural Perspective

1974 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Hempel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Process ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Cultural Comparisons ◽  
Buying Decisions

This study presents cross-cultural comparisons of husband-wife interaction in specific house-buying decisions. The findings indicate that perceived roles vary more by sex of the respondent and stage in the decision process than by the cultural context of the purchase.

Study on Chinese Brand cultural archetype: theory building and cross-cultural comparison

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-80
Author(s):  
Yingwei Liu ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Ling Zhou ◽  
Chunyan Nie
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Inspection Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Brand Culture ◽  
Power Enhancement

PurposeThe essence of “Chinese element” has been pinpointed as the representation of national cultural archetype resource of China, which reflects to the overall power enhancement of China. Applying the Chinese national cultural archetype resource, which will be used for promoting the Chinese Brand internationalization, aims for the consumers' approval with the hope of integrating and spreading the unique cultural advantage of Chinese brand. The recognizing of Chinese brand's cultural archetype in this paper has constituted the basis of Chinese brand's cultural archetype strategy.Design/methodology/approachBased on the Grounded Theory, this paper has collected and analyzed the value symbols, character images and theme stories of Chinese narrative advertisements and constructed the cultural archetype framework of Chinese brands. This paper makes a comprehensive application of Charmaz's constructivist analysis and the main axis analysis and inspection method advocated by Strauss, with the aim of building a more objective and systematic theoretical framework for the Chinese brand cultural archetype.FindingsIn this framework, it revealed: (1) Chinese brand's cultural archetype can be divided into 12 concrete archetypes according to individual's relationship with self, the other, community and nature; (2) Consumers' different ways of self-categorization are attributed as the essential difference among various archetypes. This paper also compared and analyzed the differences between Chinese and Western cultural archetypes from three perspectives, formation of social structure, pedigree of myth and character's feature.Originality/valueThis paper has certain innovative significance to the theoretical construction of the archetype of Chinese brand culture. First, based on the cultural perspective, this paper applied the cultural psychological connotation of archetype to the brand research across culture, which is more conducive to the researchers' investigation of the cultural psychology of consumers in the cross-cultural context? Second, based on the identification and comparative study of Chinese brand culture archetype, it provides a new expansion and supplement for the research on brand internationalization and globalization in emerging countries.

Personality, intelligence, and longevity: A cross-cultural perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Eysenck
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
High Income ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Cultural Information

Cross-cultural information about national IQ, national personality, and longevity was obtained. Longevity was positively associated with neuroticism and national IQ and negatively associated with conscientiousness and agreeableness. The negative effects were mediated by income inequality: low conscientiousness and agreeableness were associated with high income inequality (strongly associated with poor longevity). The effect of national IQ on longevity remained strong when GDP percapita, income inequality, and individualism were partialed out. This effect probably occurs in part because countries with high national IQ have higher literacy rates and higher levels of health literacy.

scholarly journals Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the health literacy assessment tool METER in the Portuguese adult population

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmara Paiva ◽  
Susana Silva ◽  
Milton Severo ◽  
Pedro Ferreira ◽  
Osvaldo Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Literacy Assessment ◽  
Cross Cultural Adaptation

Cross-Cultural Measurement in Social Work Research and Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Chan
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Refugee Status ◽  
Social Constructs ◽  
Social Work Research ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Physical Abilities ◽  
The Impact

Cross-cultural measurement is an important topic in social work research and evaluation. Measuring health related concepts accurately is necessary for researchers and practitioners who work with culturally diverse populations. Social workers use measurements or instruments to assess health-related outcomes in order to identify risk and protective factors for vulnerable, disadvantaged populations. Culturally validated instruments are necessary, first, to identify the evidence of health disparities for vulnerable populations. Second, measurements are required to accurately capture health outcomes in order to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for cross-cultural populations. Meaningful, appropriate, and practical research instruments, however, are not always readily available. They may have bias when used for populations from different racial and ethnic groups, tribal groups, immigration and refugee status, gender identities, religious affiliations, social class, and mental or physical abilities. Social work researchers must have culturally reliable and valid research instruments to accurately measure social constructs and ensure the validity of outcomes with cultural populations of interest. . In addition, culturally reliable and valid instruments are necessary for research which involves comparisons with different cultural groups. Instruments must capture the same conceptual understanding in outcomes across different cultural groups to create a basis for comparison. Cross-cultural instruments must also detect and ascertain the same magnitude in the changes in health outcomes, in order to accurately determine the impact of factors in the social environment as well as the influence of micro, mezzo, and macro-level interventions. This reference provides an overview of issues and techniques of cross-cultural measurement in social work research and evaluation. Applying systematic, methodological approaches to develop, collect, and assess cross-cultural measurements will lead to more reliable and valid data for cross-cultural groups.

POSSESSION IN HUMANS: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF ITS MEANING AND MOTIVATION

1978 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lita Furby
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
And Control ◽  
The City

This study examined the nature of possession and ownership in a developmental and cross-cultural context. It was an exploratory study attempting to map out the various dimensions of the meaning of possession, and the motivation for possessive behaviour. An open-ended interview was administered to (a) 150 American subjects, 30 at each of five age levels (kindergarten, second, fifth, and eleventh grades, and 40- to 50-year-old adults), and (b) 120 Israeli subjects, 60 from the kibbutz and 60 from the city (in each case, 30 of kindergarten age and 30 of fifth-grade age). A content analysis was performed on the interview responses. The resulting dimensions of the meaning of possession and of the motivation for possession are presented, and the relative saliencies of these dimensions for the different age and cultural groups are discussed. Of particular importance to all ages and cultural groups were the two dimensions of (a) effectance and control of possessions, and (b) positive affect for possessions. A large number of other dimensions were also obtained, often differing in their relative importance at different ages. It is hoped that the results will lay the foundations for subsequent empirical work on this topic.

scholarly journals Health literacy as a challenge for health education

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
I. Stars
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Complex Concept ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Depth Study

Scientific literature demonstrates a well-established correlation between education and health literacy; education and health outcomes; health literacy and health outcomes. Health literacy has a mediating role between education and health. Health literacy is known as a complex concept, it has multiple definitions, underlying meanings and conceptual models. Diversity of health literacy can be a challenging motivator for health education. In-depth study of scientific literature was carried out to highlight the link between health literacy and health education and to emphasize health literacy challenges for health education. Five health literacy challenges for health education were identified: 1) health literacy as an outcome related to health education interventions; 2) multi-layered health literacy or different levels of health literacy; 3) the concept of health literacy and its comprehensiveness; 4) shift from a passive to more interactive and empowering health education; 5) cultural context of health literacy and health education. Enhanced health literacy definitions and conceptual models require more complex, comprehensive, socially oriented, culture sensitive, participatory health education.

scholarly journals Negative Career Thoughts Among Pakistani and Korean College Students: Implications for the Asian Context

2020 ◽  
pp. 776-784
Author(s):  
Gulnaz Zahid ◽  
Donghyuck Lee ◽  
Meejin Park
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Career Guidance ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Career Thoughts ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Negative Career Thoughts ◽  
Korean College Students

This study aimed at investigating the integrative cross-cultural perspective of negative career thoughts by comparing college students’ data from Pakistan and Korea. Data obtained from 200 Pakistani college students were compared to the data obtained from 200 Korean college students. Results show a significantly higher score on negative career thoughts when compared to Korean students. Findings indicate cross-cultural differences in negative career thoughts reflective of context-based differences in policy and career guidance systems. Findings provide support to Systems Theory Framework. However, the similarities in the construct manifestation provide a theoretical basis for career guidance in the collectivist and Asian contexts. Findings suggest the importance of comparative data, indigenization of assessment tool to assess negative career thoughts, and further exploration of negative career thoughts while considering cultural dimensions.

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