scholarly journals Coastal Landscape Vulnerability Analysis in Eastern China—Based on Land-Use Change in Jiangsu Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1702
Author(s):  
Yangfan Zhou ◽  
Lijie Pu ◽  
Ming Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Rapid Urbanization

The unreasonable land use in rapid urbanization areas induced by large-scale urban construction activities have caused massive ecological issues. In this study, landscape vulnerability index (LVI) and landscape human interference index (LHAI) were originally addressed and calculated using multi-temporal land-use data from 2000 to 2015. Then, the spatial-temporal relationship assessment model of landscape fragility caused by human activities were constructed for each county of Jiangsu Province, China, so as to analyze the spatial distribution of landscape vulnerability and determine the impacts of artificial disturbance on landscape vulnerability. The results showed: (1) The number of counties with middle and high landscape vulnerability increased from 20 in 2000 to 27 in 2015 with a peak value (33) in 2010. (2) Counties with high-intensity human activities showed an upward trend. (3) Land use generally has a significant and diverse impact on landscape vulnerability. At the county level, the LVI was positively correlated with the LHAI before 2010 and was followed by a negative correlation of them. As concluded from this study, a total of four sub-regions (continuous benefit zones, variable benefit zones, continuous harmful zones, and variable harmful zones) have been identified for sustainable landscape management in the future. (4) The LVI suggests that the landscape vulnerability in Jiangsu did not continue to deteriorate in the study period. Further, accelerated land exploitation has produced a positive impact on regional economic development and ecological protection. This study provided an effective method set for analyzing the environmental impacts caused by human activities and promoting future ecosystem management in coastal areas.

scholarly journals Relationships between Ecosystem Services and Urbanization in Jiangsu Province, Eastern China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2073
Author(s):  
Cheng Li ◽  
Ranghui Wang ◽  
Fangmin Zhang ◽  
Yunjian Luo ◽  
Yong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

Ecosystem services are comprehensive and quantitative indicators for describing ecosystem–human interactions. China has experienced rapid urbanization in the past 30 years, which has created a significant impact on regional ecosystem services. However, whether the impact is linear is not clear as yet. In this study, the Jiangsu province, a main body of the Chinese Yangtze River Delta city cluster, was chosen as a case study. Multi-source remotely-sensed geospatial data, including meteorological, land use, vegetation, and socio-economic data, were collected to estimate the total amount of ecosystem services (TESV) and urbanization levels. Subsequently, the relationships between TESV and urbanization indices (i.e., gross domestic product (GDP) per unit area, GPUA; population per unit area, PPUA; and built-up land proportion, BULP) were determined using the Pearson correlation analysis and piecewise linear regression. The primary findings of this study were as follows: (1) There was a distinct spatial pattern in TESV, which gradually increased from west to east with high-value areas located in eastern coastal areas of Jiangsu. Among different land use types, cropland and woodland contributed the most to TESV; (2) The three urbanization indices had spatial patterns, indicating higher urbanization in southern Jiangsu than in central or northern Jiangsu; and (3) Once GPUA and PPUA exceeded threshold values of 3719.55 × 104 yuan/km2 and 744.37 person/km2, respectively, TESV sharply decreased with an increase in these indices. However, the BULP showed a linear and significantly negative relationship with TESV at all values, which indicated that the impacts of economic and population growth on TESV lagged behind that of built-up land expansion. These findings provide a potentially significant reference for decision-makers to rationally enhance regional ecosystem services during rapid urbanization processes.

scholarly journals Impact of cover change of land use on flood vulnerability in Jiangsu province

2021 ◽  
Vol 308 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Shuangchen Du ◽  
Zichuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Flood Vulnerability ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Flood Disasters

In the context of global warming and rising sea levels, as urbanization continues to increase, the risk situation of urban systems facing floods has become more severe. Therefore, we constructed a vulnerability assessment model for urban flood disasters in Jiangsu Province, focusing on using GIS technology to classify the land use of each city in Jiangsu Province for supervised learning. We also established a flood disaster vulnerability model to evaluate the Vulnerability of 13 cities in Jiangsu Province. Evaluation and analysis of the changes in land use vulnerability use flood disasters in Jiangsu Province from 2000 to 2020. The results show that from 2000 to 2020, the Vulnerability to flooding disasters is on the rise as a whole. Yancheng has the lowest average Vulnerability to flooding disasters due to the low population density and high greening rate in the built-up area. On the other hand, Nantong City has the most heightened average flood vulnerability due to excessive population density. The low greening rate in built-up areas has led to a worsening of flood vulnerability. Suggestions have been made to reduce the Vulnerability of urban floods in Jiangsu Province, such as vigorously developing the local economy, reasonably adjusting the rate of urbanization, and building drainage infrastructure.

scholarly journals Human and Climate Effects on the Hamoun Wetlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeideh Maleki ◽  
Saeid Soltani Koupaei ◽  
Alireza Soffianian ◽  
Sassan Saatchi ◽  
Saeid Pourmanafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Ecosystem Recovery ◽  
Climate Effects

Abstract Negative impacts of climate change on ecosystems have been increasing, and both the intensification and the mitigation of these impacts are strongly linked with human activities. Management and reduction of human-induced disturbances on ecosystems can mitigate the effects of climate change and enhance the ecosystem recovery process. Here, we investigate coupled human and climate effects on the wetland ecosystem of the lower Helmand basin from 1977 to 2014. Using time series climate-variable data and land-use changes from Landsat time series imagery, we compared changes in ecosystem status between the upstream and downstream regions. Results show that despite a strong and prolonged drought in the region, the upstream region of the lower Helmand basin remained dominated by agriculture, causing severe water stress on the Hamoun wetlands downstream. The loss of available water in wetlands was followed by large-scale land abandonment in rural areas, migration to the cities, and increasing unemployment and economic hardship. Our results suggest that unsustainable land-use policies in the upstream region, combined with synergistic effects of human activities and climate in lower Helmand basin, have exacerbated the effects of water stress on local inhabitants in the downstream region.

scholarly journals A Model-Based Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Changes of the Urban Expansion in Arid Area of Western China: A Case Study in North Xinjiang Economic Zone

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 989
Author(s):  
Jing Qian ◽  
Qiming Zhou ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Bo Sun
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Western China ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
North Xinjiang ◽  
Economic Zone ◽  
S Model

Investigation of urban expansion can provide a better understanding of the urbanization process and its driving forces, which is critical for environmental management and land use planning. Total of 514 sampling points from the aerial photos and field sampling were applied to assess the image accuracy. A Conversion of Land Use and its Effect at Small Region Extent (CLUE-S) model was established to simulate the urbanization process at the township level in the North Xinjiang Economic Zone (NXEZ) of western China. Historical land use and land cover changes with multi-temporal remote sensing data were retrieved, and the underlying driving forces were explored by training the CLUE-S model. Moreover, future changes in urban development were simulated under different scenarios. Results showed that the overall accuracy reaches larger than 80% for the years of 2002, 2005, and 2007, and the corresponding kappa coefficient is bigger than 0.8. The NXEZ is at a premature development stage compared with urban clusters in eastern China. Before 1999, the driving force in this region was primary industry development. In recent years, secondary industries started to show significance in urbanization. These findings indicate that the industrial base and economic development in the NXEZ are still relatively weak and have not taken a strong leading role. When industry and population become the main driving factors, the regional economy will enter a new stage of leap-forward development, which in turn will stimulate a new round of rapid urbanization.

scholarly journals Integrated impacts of synoptic forcing and aerosol radiative effect on boundary layer and pollution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 5899-5909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yucong Miao ◽  
Huizheng Che ◽  
Xiaoye Zhang ◽  
Shuhua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Radiative Effect ◽  
Synoptic Pattern ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Synoptic Conditions ◽  
Aerosol Pollution ◽  
Aerosol Radiative

Abstract. Rapid urbanization and industrialization have led to deterioration of air quality in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region due to high loadings of PM2.5. Heavy aerosol pollution frequently occurs in winter, in close relation to the planetary boundary layer (PBL) meteorology. To unravel the physical processes that influence PBL structure and aerosol pollution in BTH, this study combined long-term observational data analyses, synoptic pattern classification, and meteorology–chemistry coupled simulations. During the winter of 2017 and 2018, Beijing and Tangshan often experienced heavy PM2.5 pollution simultaneously, accompanied by strong thermal inversion aloft. These concurrences of pollution in different cities were primarily regulated by the large-scale synoptic conditions. Using principal component analysis with geopotential height fields at the 850 hPa level during winter, two typical synoptic patterns associated with heavy pollution in BTH were identified. One pattern is characterized by a southeast-to-north pressure gradient across BTH, and the other is associated with high pressure in eastern China. Both synoptic types feature warmer air temperature at 1000 m a.g.l., which could suppress the development of the PBL. Under these unfavorable synoptic conditions, aerosols can modulate PBL structure through the radiative effect, which was examined using numerical simulations. The aerosol radiative effect can significantly lower the daytime boundary layer height through cooling the surface layer and heating the upper part of the PBL, leading to the deterioration of air quality. This PBL–aerosol feedback is sensitive to the aerosol vertical structure, which is more effective when the synoptic pattern can distribute more aerosols to the upper PBL.

scholarly journals Using urban morphology for flood risk in residential areas in Ho Chi Minh city

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-153
Author(s):  
Hoa Thanh Le ◽  
Chau Thi Phuong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Fractal Geometry ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Residential Density ◽  
Urban Center ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The City

Urban morphology in urban studies is used to classify and manage the distribution of urban densities. In urban planning, it helps to identify the emerging problems and solve the disorder of urban functions as in the megacity of Ho Chi Minh City. Rapid urbanization has increased the development footprint with disordered densities of building footprint, incomplete infrastructure and urban - peripheral instability. And it, then, caused more flood problems to the city. This study was based on applying fractal geometry, GIS on large-scale maps for identifying residential density based on urban morphology. The land-use map and the building footprints map of 2010 were integrated in fractal geometry to analyze the distribution of urban areas by the large scale of GIS data. This study showed HCMC had problems on irrational development in residential densities areas; and uneven development of population and residential density between the urban areas. At block scale of land-use block, in urban center had highest densities of building footprints and population, then, the medium densities in developing districts and rural-sub-districts. With these densities, there was more flood in high density areas, as in urban center, and less flood in lower density areas, as in sub-urban areas. These problems may cause some limitations to development of social, commercial, industrial, and infrastructure in HCMC. City needs to have flood control and management for development of the city.

scholarly journals Reducing land use-induced spillover risk by fostering landscape immunity: policy priorities for conservation practitioners

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Reaser ◽  
Brookline E. Hund ◽  
Manuel Ruiz-Aravena ◽  
Gary M. Tabor ◽  
Jonathan A. Patz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Landscape Conservation

Anthropogenic land use change is the major driver of zoonotic pathogen spillover from wildlife to humans. In response to the global spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (the agent of COVID-19 disease), there have been renewed calls for landscape conservation as a disease preventive measure. While protected areas are a vital conservation tool for wildlands, more than 50% of habitable land is now human-modified and thus requires strategic, site-based measures to prevent land use-induced spillover, especially by managing landscape immunity and the dynamics of animal-human proximity. Crisis is a conversation starter for reimagining and recommitting ourselves to what is most vital and generative. Here we provide a brief overview of zoonotic spillover concepts and dynamics from a conservation practitioner perspective and outline a landscape-oriented policy agenda to minimize the risk of future large-scale zoonoses outbreaks. Among other things, we need to recognize human health as a vital ecological service, ensure ecological resilience, and facilitate public investment in biosecurity to sustain economic viability and human well-being. Landscape management approaches to spillover risk reduction are part of a toolkit that includes ecological, veterinary, and medical interventions, disease surveillance, and wildlife trade policy measures.

scholarly journals Oasis Evolution in Response to Human Inducedwater Resources Reallocation in South Xinjiang during Past Four Decades

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanxu Ma ◽  
Jianping Wang ◽  
Fang Yan ◽  
Aynur Mamat
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Tarim River ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Large Scale Land

Vegetation in drylands is sensitive to climatic changes and human activities. Remote sensing and spatial analyses provide us useful tools for monitoring long-term vegetation dynamics over large regional scale. In this study, we analyzed the oasis vegetation cover change of the Tarim Basin using Landsat data sets from six epochs, 1975s, 1990s, 2000s, 2005s, 2010s and 2014. The results show that vegetation cover of oases increases from 34600 km2 in 1975s to 101000 km2 in 2014, though there was a vegetation coverage decrease from 77600 km2 in 2000s to 42680 km2 in 2010s. The percentage of annul water consumption has increased from 34% in 1970s to 52% in 2010s in the upper Tarim River, and decreased from 15% in 1970s to 9% in 2010s in the lower Tarim River. The decrease of oases area from 2000s to 2010s probably resulted from the rapid urbanization and large scale land reclamation. Although there is an increasing trend for oases coverage, local degradation of oases especially in the northern part occurred. This may be caused by inadequate water supply of the Tarim River. The results of multiple regression show that human activities contribute 70% of oases area change. Human induced water resources reallocation and heat energy balance is the primary cause of total oasis change.

scholarly journals Identification of urban land use efficiency by indicator-SDG 11.3.1

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244318
Author(s):  
Guoyin Cai ◽  
Jinxi Zhang ◽  
Mingyi Du ◽  
Chaopeng Li ◽  
Shu Peng
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Error Matrix ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Use Efficiency

Inefficiency in urban land use is one of the problems caused by rapid urbanization. The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) indicator 11.3.1 is designed to test urban land use efficiency. This study employed geospatial and statistical data to compute land use efficiencies from 1990 to 2015 with five 5-year and ten 15-year intervals in Wukang, center of Deqing County, China. A flowchart was designed to extract the built-up lands from multiple data sources. The produced built-up lands were demonstrated to provide good accuracy by constructing an error matrix between the extracted and manually interpreted built-up lands as classified and reference images, respectively. By using the model provided by UN metadata to calculate SDG 11.3.1, the land use efficiencies from 1990 to 2015 were identified in Wukang. Our results indicate that the land use efficiency in Deqing County center is lower than the average of cities around the world, primarily because our in-situ study focused on a county center with larger rural regions than urban areas. Over the long term, urban land use becomes denser as the population grows, which will have a positive impact on the sustainability of urban development. This work is helpful for the local government to balance urban land consumption and population growth.

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