scholarly journals How Physical Activity across the Lifespan Can Reduce the Impact of Bone Ageing: A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Felicia Faienza ◽  
Giuseppe Lassandro ◽  
Mariangela Chiarito ◽  
Federica Valente ◽  
Loredana Ciaccia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Control Bone ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bone Ageing

Bone remodeling is a lifelong process, due to the balanced activity of the osteoblasts (OBs), the bone-forming cells, and osteoclasts (OCs), the bone-resorbing cells. This equilibrium is mainly regulated by the WNT-ß-cathenin pathway and the RANK-RANKL/OPG system, respectively. Bone ageing is a process which normally occurs during life due to the imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption, potentially leading to osteoporosis. Bone loss associated with bone ageing is determined by oxidative stress, the result of the increasing production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The promotion of physical exercise during growth increases the chances of accruing bone and delaying the onset of osteoporosis. Several studies demonstrate that physical exercise is associated with higher bone mineral density and lower fracture incidence, and the resulting bone mineral gain is maintained with ageing, despite a reduction of physical activity in adulthood. The benefits of exercise are widely recognized, thus physical activity is considered the best non-pharmacologic treatment for pathologies such as osteoporosis, obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We reviewed the physiological mechanisms which control bone remodeling, the effects of physical activity on bone health, and studies on the impact of exercise in reducing bone ageing.

THE IMPACT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY DIFFERENCES ON BONE MINERAL DENSITY BETWEEN TWO COLLEGE FEMALE POPULATIONS

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. S38
Author(s):  
W R. Barfield ◽  
J F. Otteni ◽  
A M. McBryde ◽  
P J. Nietert ◽  
J S. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
College Female ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Impact of Tenofovir-Based Pre-exposure Prophylaxis on Biomarkers of Bone Formation, Bone Resorption, and Bone Mineral Metabolism in HIV-Negative Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L Nickolas ◽  
Michael T Yin ◽  
Ting Hong ◽  
Kenneth K Mugwanya ◽  
Andrea D Branch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Background Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with emtricitabine (FTC)/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) reduces the risk of HIV seroconversion but may promote bone mineral density (BMD) decline. The mechanisms of BMD decline with FTC/TDF remain unclear, and studies in HIV-positive individuals have been confounded by the effects of HIV and concomitant antiretroviral medications. We evaluated the impact of FTC/TDF on biomarkers of bone remodeling and bone mineral metabolism in HIV-negative men and women enrolled in the Partners PrEP Study. Methods In a random sample of HIV-negative participants randomized to FTC/TDF PrEP (n = 50) or placebo (n = 50), serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), bone biomarkers (C-telopeptide, procollagen 1 intact N-terminal propeptide, and sclerostin), and plasma fibroblast growth factor 23 were measured at baseline and month 24, and the percentage change was compared between groups. In a complementary analysis, we compared the change in biomarkers between participants with and without a 25% decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) on FTC/TDF. Results Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups (median age, 38 years; 40% women). Vitamin D insufficiency was common, but baseline GFR and PTH were in the normal range. We observed a significantly greater percent increase in serum C-telopeptide in participants randomized to FTC/TDF vs placebo (P = .03), suggesting an increase in bone remodeling. We observed no differences in the other biomarkers, or in a separate analysis comparing participants with and without a decline in GFR. Conclusions Increased bone remodeling may mediate the BMD decline observed with tenofovir-containing PrEP and antiretroviral therapy, independent of a TDF-mediated decrease in kidney function.

scholarly journals Impact of a School-Based Physical Activity Intervention on Fitness and Bone in Adolescent Females

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Schneider ◽  
Genevieve F. Dunton ◽  
Stan Bassin ◽  
Dan J. Graham ◽  
Alon Eliakim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Thoracic Spine ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
School Based Intervention ◽  
School Based ◽  
The Impact

Background:Many female adolescents participate in insufficient physical activity to maintain cardiovascular fitness and promote optimal bone growth. This study evaluates the impact of a school-based intervention on fitness, activity, and bone among adolescent females.Methods:Subjects were assigned to an intervention (n = 63) or comparison (n = 59) group, and underwent assessments of cardiovascular fitness (VO2peak), physical activity, body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and serum markers of bone turnover at baseline and at the end of each of two school semesters.Results:The intervention increased physical activity, VO2peak, and BMC for the thoracic spine (P values < 0.05). Bone turnover markers were not affected. In longitudinal analyses of the combined groups, improvements in cardiovascular fitness predicted increased bone formation (P < 0.01) and bone resorption (P < 0.05).Conclusion:A school-based intervention for adolescent females effectively increased physical activity, cardiovascular fitness, and thoracic spine BMC.

scholarly journals Influence of a diet and physical activity on the nutritional status of soldiers of the Polish Air Cavalry units

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Bertrandt ◽  
Anna Anyzewska ◽  
Roman Lakomy ◽  
Tomasz Lepionka ◽  
Ewa Szarska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
T Score ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntroductionResearch from recent years indicate a problem of excessive body weight among soldiers, who due to the kind of carried out work should reveal the best health and fitness. Moreover, proper nutritional status in case of soldiers is extremely important, as it significantly affects their physical fitness. The aim of the study was to determine impact of the diet and physical activity on selected indicators of protein-energy and mineral nutritional status.Materials and methodsOne hundred and twenty male soldiers (aged: 28 ± 5; years of service: 5 ± 5), serving completed validated for Polish population the Food Frequency Questionnaire and long-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Body composition was determined by an electric bioimpedance method (TANITA MC-780) and bone mineral density of forearm bone of the non-dominant hand was assessed by the DEXA densitometric method, using apparatus EXA 3000.Results and discussionThis study confirmed the impact of both the diet and physical activity on selected measures of soldiers’ nutritional status, i.e. fat mass index and bone mineral density. Out of selected 61 products negative correlation between FMI and frequency of apples and pears consumption (r = -0.23, p = 0,023), and positive correlation with frequency of beer (r = 0.20, p = 0.049) and vodka and spirits drinking (r = 0.26, p = 0.010) consumption were found. While the T-score value positively correlated with frequency of tropical fruits (r = 0.23, p = 0.024), avocado (r = 0.25, p = 0.014), fine-grained not refined groats (r = 0.22, p = 0.030) and eggs (r = 0.29, p = 0.004) consumption. A negative correlation was found for frequency of refined bread (r = -0.24, p = 0.019), sausages(r = -0.35, p < 0.023), high-quality cold cuts (r = -0.25, p = 0.014, sugar to sweeten beverages (r = -0.31, p = 0.002), biscuits and cakes (r = -0.23, p = 0.016), salty snacks (r = -0.23, p = 0.023), fruit juices and nectars (r = -0.28, p = 0.005) and sugar-sweetened beverages (r = -0.34, p = 0.001). A negative correlation with FMI (r = -0.22, p = 0.036) for weekly physical activity expressed in MET-minutes/week was found. Positive correlations were found between T-score value and physical activity expressed in MET-minutes per week in total, housework, house maintenance and caring for family (r = 0.22; p = 0.040), and recreation, sport and physical activity in leisure time (r = 0.25, p = 0.019), as well as moderate physical activity (r = 0.28, p = 0.008) and intense one (r = 0.21, p = 0.046). The founded abnormalities in nutritional status, as well as numerous nutritional errors indicate a need for further monitoring of this group of soldiers, not only in terms of accuracy of nutritional status, their diet and physical activity, but also wider understood health behavior

scholarly journals Association between physical activity, physical fitness and stress with bone mineral density of elderly: a narrative review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Rejane Maria Cruvinel Cabral ◽  
Iransé Oliveira-Silva ◽  
Gislane Ferreira de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Aging is a physiological process that decreases muscle, skeletal and autonomic capacity, which increases the likelihood of developing chronic diseases. In addition to these losses, stress can be an aggravating factor to senescence and may be indirectly identified by increased cortisol. Researches indicates that a good amount of daily physical activity and adequate levels of physical fitness can minimize age-related losses and minimize the impact on bone mineral density (BMD). Objective: to present how the level of physical activity, physical fitness and stress are associated with elderly people’s BMD. Methods: Pubmed and Medline databases were searched for scientific articles in Portuguese and English. The descriptors were: Stress, Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, Elderly and Bone Mineral Density. The research and the study of the scientific articles were carried out from October to December 2018. Conclusion: The level of moderate physical activity improves physical fitness and increases BMD. While high levels of cortisol contribute to decreased BMD.

scholarly journals The impact of diet, body composition, and physical activity on child bone mineral density at five years of age—findings from the ROLO Kids Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 179 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco K. McVey ◽  
Aisling A. Geraghty ◽  
Eileen C. O’Brien ◽  
Malachi J. McKenna ◽  
Mark T. Kilbane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Bone health is extremely important in early childhood because children with low bone mineral density (BMD) are at a greater risk of bone fractures. While physical activity and intake of both calcium and vitamin D benefit BMD in older children, there is limited research on the determinants of good bone health in early childhood. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the impact of diet, physical activity, and body composition on BMD at five years of age. Dietary intakes and physical activity levels were measured through questionnaires. Whole body BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 102 children. Child weight, height, circumferences, skinfolds and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations were assessed. There was no association between BMD and dietary calcium, dietary vitamin D, 25OHD, physical activity, or sedentary behaviour. Several measures of body composition were significantly positively associated with BMD; however, neither fat mass nor lean body mass was associated with BMD. Conclusion: Although we found no association between self-reported dietary and lifestyle factors and bone health in early years, increased body size was linked with higher BMD. These findings are important as identifying modifiable factors that can improve bone health at a young age is of utmost importance.What is Known:• Bone health is extremely important in early childhood, as children with low bone mineral density (BMD) are at greater risk of bone fractures.• Physical activity has been found to be beneficial for bone health in adolescents, and body composition has also been associated with BMD in teenage years.• Limited research on the determinants of good bone health in early childhood.What is New:• No association between self-reported lifestyle and dietary factors with bone health in early childhood.• Increased body size was associated with higher BMD at five years of age.

scholarly journals Hypothalamic involvement and insufficient sex steroid supplementation are associated with low bone mineral density in women with childhood onset craniopharyngioma

2011 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Holmer ◽  
Vera Popovic ◽  
Bertil Ekman ◽  
Cecilia Follin ◽  
Ann Britt Siversson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Leptin Resistance ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hypothalamic Damage

ContextData on bone mineral density (BMD) are lacking in adults with childhood onset (CO)–craniopharyngioma (CP) with hypothalamic damage from the tumor. In patients with CO GH deficiency, BMD increases during GH treatment.ObjectiveThe aims were to evaluate BMD in adults with CO–CPs on complete hormone replacement, including long-term GH and to evaluate the impact of hypothalamic damage on these measures.Design and participantsBMD (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), markers of bone turn over, physical activity and calcium intake were assessed in 39 CO–CP adults (20 women), with a median age of 28 (17–57) years, in comparison with matched population controls.ResultsLate puberty induction was recorded in both genders, but reduced androgen levels in females only. Only CP women had lower BMD (P=0.03) at L2–L4, and reduced Z-scores at femoral neck (P=0.004) and L2–L4 (P=0.004). Both genders had increased serum leptin levels (P=0.001), which significantly correlated negatively with BMD at L2–L4 (P=0.003; r=−0.5) and 45% of CP women had Z-score levels ≤−2.0 s.d. Furthermore, 75% of those with a Z-score ≤−2.0 s.d. had hypothalamic involvement by the tumor. Calcium intake (P=0.008) and physical activity (P=0.007) levels were reduced in CP men only. Levels of ostecalcin and crossLaps were increased in CP men only.ConclusionsDespite continuous GH therapy, low BMD was recorded in CO–CP females. Insufficient estrogen and androgen supplementation during adolescence was the main cause, but hypothalamic involvement with consequent leptin resistance was also strongly associated with low BMD in both genders.

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