scholarly journals Effects of Anthropometric Growth and Basketball Experience on Physical Performance in Pre-Adolescent Male Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natascia Rinaldo ◽  
Stefania Toselli ◽  
Emanuela Gualdi-Russo ◽  
Nicoletta Zedda ◽  
Luciana Zaccagni
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
T Test ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Explosive Strength ◽  
Motor Tests

During pre-adolescence, several variables connected to growth and weight status could influence physical performance and technical skills. This study aims to assess the influence of growth-related anthropometric changes, weight status, and basketball experience on physical performance in pre-adolescent basketball players. The sample consisted of 50 male basketball players (12.2 ± 0.4 years-old) included in the U-13 category. Anthropometric characteristics were collected using standard procedures. Physical performance was evaluated by 20 m Dash, T-test, squat jump, countermovement jump, and medicine ball throw. In order to assess growth-related changes, we conducted two surveys within a 10-week time span. Student’s t-test was used to compare the data collected in the two surveys and multiple regression analyses were performed to assess the effects of growth, weight status, and basketball experience on performance. After 10 weeks there was a significant increase in FFM (Fat-Free Mass) and a significant decrease in fat parameters. Moreover, between the two surveys, all motor tests significantly improved. The results of linear regression models showed that changes in %F (percentage of body fat) were significantly associated with speed and agility, while handgrip strength and weight status were associated with upper limb explosive strength. Basketball experience was a significant predictor of all three motor tests. In conclusion, body composition changes, years of experience, and weight status influenced physical performance and players’ motor skills ability, especially speed, agility, and upper limb explosive strength.

scholarly journals Muscular Strength Spurts in Adolescent Male Basketball Players: The INEX Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 776
Author(s):  
Eduardo Guimarães ◽  
José A. R. Maia ◽  
Mark Williams ◽  
Filipa Sousa ◽  
Eduardo Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Medicine Ball

Although successful performance in basketball requires high levels of muscular strength during adolescence, its development is confounded by the effects of normal growth. We examine the timing, intensity and sequence of muscular strength according to biological age (years from peak height velocity (PHV)) and hypothesize that young basketball players attain their peak muscular strength spurts around PHV. A total of 160 adolescent male basketballers, aged 11–15 years, were followed bi-annually over 3 consecutive years. The years from attainment of PHV and peak weight velocity (PWV) were estimated and five muscular strength measures (sit-ups, handgrip, seated medicine ball throw, squat jump and countermovement jump) were aligned to years from PHV in 3-month intervals. Strength velocities were estimated using a non-smooth mathematical model. The mean ages at-PHV and at-PWV were 13.90 ± 1.40 years and 13.90 ± 1.79 years, respectively. Maximal velocity in sit-ups was attained 6 months prior to attainment of PHV (intensity = 10.69 repetitions·year−1), whereas maximal velocity in squat jump occurred 6 months after-PHV (intensity = 3.93 cm·year−1). Handgrip strength, seated medicine ball throw and countermovement jump maximal velocity peaked at-PHV (intensity = 8.47 kgf·year−1, intensity = 0.75 m·year−1, intensity = 5.59 cm·year−1, respectively). In general, maximal velocity spurts did not differ in their timing, with the velocities reaching a peak concurrent with PHV and PWV or within 6 months of its attainment. Basketball coaches, as well as strength and conditioning trainers, should consider individual differences in strength development and be aware of rapid periods of growth in stature when planning and designing muscular strength training regimes.

scholarly journals Bioimpedance Vector Patterns according to Age and Handgrip Strength in Adolescent Male and Female Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6069
Author(s):  
Marcus Vinicius de Oliveira Cattem ◽  
Bruna Taranto Sinforoso ◽  
Francesco Campa ◽  
Josely Correa Koury
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer

Bioelectric Impedance Vector Analysis (BIVA) can be used to qualitatively compare individuals’ hydration and cell mass independently of predictive equations. This study aimed to analyze the efficiency of BIVA considering chronological age and handgrip strength in adolescent athletes. A total of 273 adolescents (male; 59%) engaged in different sports were evaluated. Bioelectrical impedance (Z), resistance (R), reactance (Xc), and phase angle (PhA) were obtained using a single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Fat-free mass (FFM) and total body water were estimated using bioimpedance-based equations specific for adolescents. Female showed higher values of R (5.5%, p = 0.001), R/height (3.8%, p = 0.041), Z (5.3%, p = 0.001), and fat mass (53.9%, p = 0.001) than male adolescents. Male adolescents showed higher values of FFM (5.3%, p = 0.021) and PhA (3.1%, p = 0.033) than female adolescents. In both stratifications, adolescents (older > 13 y or stronger > median value) shifted to the left on the R-Xc graph, showing patterns of higher hydration and cell mass. The discrimination of subjects older than 13 years and having higher median of handgrip strength values was possibly due to maturity differences. This study showed that BIVA identified age and strength influence in vector displacement, assessing qualitative information and offering patterns of vector distribution in adolescent athletes.

scholarly journals Bio-Banding in Judo: The Mediation Role of Anthropometric Variables on the Maturation Effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno B. Giudicelli ◽  
Leonardo G. O. Luz ◽  
Mustafa Sogut ◽  
Alain G. Massart ◽  
Arnaldo C. Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Arm Span ◽  
The Relationship

Young judo athletes are bio-banding based on age and body mass and compete in weight classes. The purposes of this study were to investigate the influences of maturation on physical performance in young judokas through controlling the chronological age and body mass, and to examine the mediating role of anthropometric variables. Sixty-seven judokas, aged 11.0–14.7, were measured for 11 anthropometric and seven physical performance variables. Pearson partial correlations were conducted to verify the relationship between the maturational indicator and the dependent variables. Mediation analyses were performed to identify the extent to which anthropometric variables mediate the relationship. The maturation effect remained on the aerobic capacity and handgrip strength (p < 0.05). Fat mass (b = 80.335, 95%CI 11.580–204.270) and fat-free mass (b = 108.256, 95%CI 39.508–207.606) totally mediated the effect on aerobic capacity. Fat mass (b = 0.023, 95%CI 0.004–0.057), fat-free mass (b = 0.029, 95%CI 0.011–0.058), stature (b = 0.031, 95%CI 0.008–0.061), arm span (b = 0.021, 95%CI 0.003–0.044), and inferior members length (b = 0.022, 95%CI 0.005–0.049) totally mediated the effect on handgrip strength. The effect of biological maturation is noticeable even after age and body mass control, being mediated by anthropometric variables related to body composition and size.

scholarly journals Association between Weight Status and Physical Fitness in Chinese Mainland Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2468
Author(s):  
Yatao Xu ◽  
Maorong Mei ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Qingwei Yan ◽  
Gang He
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Chinese Mainland ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
High Odds ◽  
Explosive Strength ◽  
Fitness Index

Background: The increasing prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents is a major public health challenge worldwide. This study examined the relationship between physical fitness and BMI spanning the range from underweight to obese among Chinese mainland children and adolescents. Methods: Participants were 22,681 children and adolescents (11,300 boys and 11,381 girls) aged 10–18 years from the Chinese mainland. Weight status was classified as underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese using WHO 2007 standards. Physical fitness parameters such as cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), lower body explosive strength (standing broad jump), upper body explosive strength (handgrip strength), abdominal muscular endurance (sit-ups in 30 s), flexibility (sit-and-reach), and agility (repeat bestride (20 s)) were assessed. Results: There was a significant association between weight status categories and physical fitness in all age groups and sex (plinear < 0.001, pquadratic < 0.001). Underweight adolescents performed better in lower limb strength, flexibility, agility, and cardiorespiratory fitness than their obese peers, but worse in upper limb strength. Underweight boys aged 10–11 and 12–13 years and girls aged 10–11 years showed significantly (p < 0.05) high odds of meeting a low physical fitness index. Obese adolescents have high odds of meeting a low physical fitness index with age. Conclusion: The present study showed a nonlinear relationship between weight status and physical fitness. Children and adolescents who were classified as underweight or obese had poorer physical fitness than their normal-weight peers.

scholarly journals Influence of Body Composition on Physical Fitness in Adolescents

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
María Mendoza-Muñoz ◽  
José Carmelo Adsuar ◽  
Jorge Pérez-Gómez ◽  
Laura Muñoz-Bermejo ◽  
Miguel Ángel Garcia-Gordillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Fitness Test ◽  
Fitness Tests

Background and objectives: Childhood obesity is one of the main public health issues facing advanced societies. The Spanish population presents 28.6% overweight or obese adolescents, and Extremadura, 22.3%. Physical fitness is considered one of the most important health markers and a common predictor of morbidity and mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases. Thus, fitness tests are needed for health monitoring, especially in overweight and obese adolescents. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between body composition and physical fitness in adolescents and to analyse if there are differences in physical condition and body composition between the sexes, as well as to compare the different body mass index (BMI) categories to each other. This project also tried to find regression equations to predict the physical fitness test results. Materials and Methods: A total of 225 adolescents were recruited. Weight status was classified according to WHO 2007 standards. Body composition variables (i.e., BMI, fat mass (FM), FM percentage (FM%), and fat-free mass (FFM)) and physical fitness (standing long jump (SLJ), speed–agility (SA), cardiorespiratory fitness (CF), and handgrip strength (HS)) were assessed. Results: Significant differences were found between the sexes in body composition (FM%, FM, and FFM) and physical fitness (SLJ, SA, CF, and HS) (p < 0.001) in favour of males. Significant differences were also found in speed (p = 0.002), CF (p < 0.001), and SLJ (p = 0.004) in favour of normal-weight adolescents compared to overweight and obese adolescents. Contrarily, the outcomes revealed a significantly greater HS (p = 0.014) in favour of overweight and obese participants compared to normal-weight adolescents. Moreover, the results showed that CF and SLJ correlated inversely with BMI, FM%, and total FM. There was also a direct relationship between SA and FM percentage, as well as between HS and FFM. Finally, four fitness test predictive models are proposed based on body composition, age, sex, and BMI. Conclusions: Overweight and obese adolescents have lower levels of physical fitness than their normal-weight peers, regardless of their sex. Normal-ranged body composition values are related to a greater physical fitness in adolescents. Furthermore, this study presents several equations that can help to predict the performance of different fitness tests in adolescents.

scholarly journals Kvalita aktívnej hmoty a segmentálna distribúcia tekutín v tele ako predpoklad výkonu u elitných basketbalistiek

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Malá ◽  
Tomáš Malý ◽  
František Zahálka ◽  
Jaroslav Teplan ◽  
Aleš Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Active Mass ◽  
Bioimpedance Measurement

The article presents active mass quality (fat free mass, muscle mass) and segmental distribution of body fluids as a prerequisite of performance in elite female basketball players, silvermedallists at 2010 World Championship. The collected data indicated the level of fat free mass (60.96±5.35 kg) and muscle mass (57.07±5.0 kg) at the level of elite athletes. Fat mass showed lower percentage proportion than it is presented by available literature (14.34±2.37 %). Based on the gained data, it is not possible to definitely express a trend in proportion for individual playing positions. Segmental distribution of body fluids revealed a symmetry in favour of a dominant upper limb (p < 0.01), whichindicatetheneed to perform exercises in order to compensate the detected bilateral deficit. In conclusion, the authors discuss the necessity of continual monitoring changes in body composition quality in terms of monitoring individual components of water or directly and indirectly measurable parameters in bioimpedance measurement, respectively.

scholarly journals Physical fitness in preschoolers according to body composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Eva-Maria Riso ◽  
Lisette Toplaan ◽  
Piret Viira ◽  
Sille Vaiksaar ◽  
Jaak Jürimäe
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Fitness Tests

The objective of this study was to investigate physical fitness of preschoolaged children just before entering school according to their body mass index, and to examine possible associations of body mass index, fat mass and fat-free mass with physical fitness in preschool-aged children. Two hundred and fifty-six preschoolers aged 6 to 7 years participated in the study. Physical fitness was assessed using PREFIT test battery and body composition was estimated using four skinfold thickness parameters. Overweight children had lower cardiorespiratory fitness and lower results in all weight-bearing fitness tests, and better handgrip strength test result in comparison with normal-weight children. Significant associations were found between body composition indices and the results of physical fitness tests. Higher BMI associated negatively with weight-bearing physical fitness tests. The results of the research indicate that weight-status and body composition have significant effect on physical fitness in 6–7 years old preschoolers.

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