Kvalita aktívnej hmoty a segmentálna distribúcia tekutín v tele ako predpoklad výkonu u elitných basketbalistiek

The article presents active mass quality (fat free mass, muscle mass) and segmental distribution of body fluids as a prerequisite of performance in elite female basketball players, silvermedallists at 2010 World Championship. The collected data indicated the level of fat free mass (60.96±5.35 kg) and muscle mass (57.07±5.0 kg) at the level of elite athletes. Fat mass showed lower percentage proportion than it is presented by available literature (14.34±2.37 %). Based on the gained data, it is not possible to definitely express a trend in proportion for individual playing positions. Segmental distribution of body fluids revealed a symmetry in favour of a dominant upper limb (p < 0.01), whichindicatetheneed to perform exercises in order to compensate the detected bilateral deficit. In conclusion, the authors discuss the necessity of continual monitoring changes in body composition quality in terms of monitoring individual components of water or directly and indirectly measurable parameters in bioimpedance measurement, respectively.

Download Full-text

Differences in Body Composition among Patientsafter Hemorrhagic and Ischemic Stroke

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17114170 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (11) ◽

pp. 4170

Author(s):

Jacek Wilczyński ◽

Marta Mierzwa-Molenda ◽

Natalia Habik-Tatarowska

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Upper Limb ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

The Body ◽

Fat Free Mass

The aim of the study was to assess differences in the body composition of patients after hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. There were 74 male participants in the study, of which 13 (18%) experienced hemorrhagic stroke, while 61 (82%) were after ischemic stroke. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher values of body composition variables were noted for ischemic compared to hemorrhagic strokes, and concerned: body mass (BM) (kg), basal metabolic rate (BMR) (kJ), fat-free mass (FFM) (kg), total body water (TBW) (kg), muscle mass (MM) (kg), visceral fat level (VFL), bone mass (BoM) (kg), extracellular water(ECW) (kg),intracellular water (ICW) (kg), trunk fat-free mass (TFFM) (kg) and trunk muscle mass (TMM) (kg)in the paretic upper limb; FFM (kg) and MM (kg) in the non-paretic upper limb; FFM (kg) and MM (kg) in the paretic lower limbas well as FFM (kg) and MM (kg) in the non-paretic lower limb without paresis. Only for the variables fat mass (FM) (kg), body mass index (BMI), metabolic age (MA), trunk fat mass (TFM) (kg), and FM (kg) in the paretic upper limb and FM (kg) in the non-paretic upper limb were there no significant differences. Significant differences in body composition of patients after hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke have been demonstrated. Individuals after ischemic stroke had significantly worse body composition. Incorrect body composition is a significant risk factor, especially of ischemic stroke.

Download Full-text

Body composition and energy intake — skeletal muscle mass is the strongest predictor of food intake in obese adolescents: The HEARTY trial

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2015-0479 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 611-617 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Jameason D. Cameron ◽

Ronald J. Sigal ◽

Glen P. Kenny ◽

Angela S. Alberga ◽

Denis Prud’homme ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Percentage Body Fat ◽

Obese Adolescents

There has been renewed interest in examining the relationship between specific components of energy expenditure and the overall influence on energy intake (EI). The purpose of this cross-sectional analysis was to determine the strongest metabolic and anthropometric predictors of EI. It was hypothesized that resting metabolic rate (RMR) and skeletal muscle mass would be the strongest predictors of EI in a sample of overweight and obese adolescents. 304 post-pubertal adolescents (91 boys, 213 girls) aged 16.1 (±1.4) years with body mass index at or above the 95th percentile for age and sex OR at or above the 85th percentile plus an additional diabetes risk factor were measured for body weight, RMR (kcal/day) by indirect calorimetry, body composition by magnetic resonance imaging (fat free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass, fat mass (FM), and percentage body fat), and EI (kcal/day) using 3 day food records. Body weight, RMR, FFM, skeletal muscle mass, and FM were all significantly correlated with EI (p < 0.005). After adjusting the model for age, sex, height, and physical activity, only FFM (β = 21.9, p = 0.007) and skeletal muscle mass (β = 25.8, p = 0.02) remained as significant predictors of EI. FFM and skeletal muscle mass also predicted dietary protein and fat intake (p < 0.05), but not carbohydrate intake. In conclusion, with skeletal muscle mass being the best predictor of EI, our results support the hypothesis that the magnitude of the body’s lean tissue is related to absolute levels of EI in a sample of inactive adolescents with obesity.

Download Full-text

Effects of Anthropometric Growth and Basketball Experience on Physical Performance in Pre-Adolescent Male Players

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17072196 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (7) ◽

pp. 2196 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Natascia Rinaldo ◽

Stefania Toselli ◽

Emanuela Gualdi-Russo ◽

Nicoletta Zedda ◽

Luciana Zaccagni

Keyword(s):

Physical Performance ◽

Upper Limb ◽

Weight Status ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

T Test ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Adolescent Male ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Explosive Strength ◽

Motor Tests

During pre-adolescence, several variables connected to growth and weight status could influence physical performance and technical skills. This study aims to assess the influence of growth-related anthropometric changes, weight status, and basketball experience on physical performance in pre-adolescent basketball players. The sample consisted of 50 male basketball players (12.2 ± 0.4 years-old) included in the U-13 category. Anthropometric characteristics were collected using standard procedures. Physical performance was evaluated by 20 m Dash, T-test, squat jump, countermovement jump, and medicine ball throw. In order to assess growth-related changes, we conducted two surveys within a 10-week time span. Student’s t-test was used to compare the data collected in the two surveys and multiple regression analyses were performed to assess the effects of growth, weight status, and basketball experience on performance. After 10 weeks there was a significant increase in FFM (Fat-Free Mass) and a significant decrease in fat parameters. Moreover, between the two surveys, all motor tests significantly improved. The results of linear regression models showed that changes in %F (percentage of body fat) were significantly associated with speed and agility, while handgrip strength and weight status were associated with upper limb explosive strength. Basketball experience was a significant predictor of all three motor tests. In conclusion, body composition changes, years of experience, and weight status influenced physical performance and players’ motor skills ability, especially speed, agility, and upper limb explosive strength.

Download Full-text

Body composition as a predictor of sunitinib toxicity in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e15566 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e15566-e15566

Author(s):

Samantha Cushen ◽

Aoife M Ryan ◽

MinYuen Teo ◽

Peter MacEneaney ◽

Patrick McLaughlin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Renal Cell ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Cell Cancer ◽

Drug Dose ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Overweight Group

e15566 Background: Sunitinib is a standard first-line option for metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC). Identification of biomarkers associated with outcome or toxicity is a challenge. Body composition is a prognostic factor in cancer and sarcopenia is associated with treatment toxicity and survival. We investigated if body composition by CT scan predicted dose limiting toxicity (DLT) from sunitinib in mRCC. Methods: Patients (pts) with mRCC receiving sunitinib 50mg as 1stline therapy between 2007-2012 were included. Ethical approval was obtained and prospectively maintained databases analysed. Skeletal muscle cross-sectional area at L3 was measured by CT. Sarcopenia was defined using published cut offs. Toxicity was assessed after 4 cycles of drug (CTCAE, v4.0). Results: 55 pts (43 male), mean age 64yrs (±10.6) were included. 67% were overweight/obese (BMI>25kg/m2). Sarcopenia was present in 33% (56% of normal BMI, 44% overweight group). Overall 40 pts (73%) experienced DLT (51% M, 100% F, p<0.016). DLT occurred in <6 months in 53% (44% M vs 83% F, p<0.016) and these pts were older (mean 68 yrs vs 60 yrs, p<0.01), had lower skeletal muscle mass (51.8 cm2/m2 vs 59.4 cm2/m2, p<0.012), and fat free mass (FFM) (51.4kg vs 57.7kg, p<0.03), and received higher drug dose in mg/kg FFM (1.01 vs 0.89, p<0.02). Common toxicities were GI (65%) and fatigue (47%). Of pts <25th percentile skeletal muscle mass 92% experienced DLT, higher than pts >75th percentile (p<0.05). Pts <25th percentile had an average of 5 toxicities vs 2 in those >75th percentile (p<0.003). All toxicities were more common in muscle wasted patients (p<0.05). 77% (n=10) of pts receiving a drug dose >75th percentile (1.105mg/FFM) experienced DLT in <6 months vs 44% (n=17) receiving a dose <75thpercentile (<1.099mg/FFM; p<0.037). Conclusions: Sarcopenia is prevalent in patients with mRCC, is easily measured, is an occult condition in pts with normal/high BMI, and is a significant predictor of DLT in pts receiving 1st line sunitinib. Our results highlight the potential use of baseline body composition to predict toxicity. The role of sarcopenia in targeted therapy is evolving and its potential to predict toxicity should be further studied.

Download Full-text

Body composition in psychotic disorders: a general population survey

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291708004194 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 801-810 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

S. E. Saarni ◽

S. I. Saarni ◽

M. Fogelholm ◽

M. Heliövaara ◽

J. Perälä ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

General Population ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Large Population ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Increased Risk

BackgroundThe literature suggests an association between obesity and schizophrenia but fat mass and fat-free mass, which have been shown to be more predictive of all-cause mortality than only waist circumference and obesity [body mass index (BMI) ⩾30 kg/m2], have not been reported in psychotic disorders. We examined the detailed body composition of people with different psychotic disorders in a large population-based sample.MethodWe used a nationally representative sample of 8082 adult Finns aged ⩾30 years with measured anthropometrics (height, weight, waist circumference, fat percentage, fat-free mass and segmental muscle mass). Psychiatric diagnoses were based on a consensus procedure utilizing the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID)-interview, case-notes and comprehensive register data.ResultsSchizophrenia (including schizo-affective disorder) was associated with obesity [odds ratio (OR) 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5–3.6], abdominal obesity (waist circumference ⩾88 cm for women, ⩾102 cm for men) (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.3–3.6) and with higher fat percentage (mean difference 3.8%, 95% CI 2.0–5.7%), adjusted for age and gender, than in the remaining sample. The associations between schizophrenia and low fat-free mass and decreased muscle mass on trunk and upper limbs became statistically significant after adjusting for BMI. After further adjusting for current antipsychotic medication, education, diet and smoking, schizophrenia remained associated with obesity (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.6) and abdominal obesity (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.5–9.4). Participants with affective psychoses did not differ from the general population.ConclusionsIndividuals with schizophrenia have metabolically unfavorable body composition, comprising abdominal obesity, high fat percentage and low muscle mass. This leads to increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.

Download Full-text

Intensive Sports Nutrition Program Improving Body Composition and Energy Intake among Elite Combat Sport Athletes

Amerta Nutrition ◽

10.20473/amnt.v5i2.2021.127-132 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 127

Author(s):

Aprilia Kusumawardhani ◽

Farapti Farapti ◽

Mahmud Aditya Rifqi ◽

Sri Adiningsih

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Nutrition Education ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Sport Nutrition ◽

Combat Sport ◽

Before And After

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang :Gizi olahraga merupakan aspek penting dalam mengatur asupan makanan dan komposisi tubuh untuk mencapai performa yang optimal. Studi epidemiologis menunjukkan sebagian besar asupan atlet tidak adekuat dan dapat mempengaruhi komposisi tubuh yang ideal.Tujuan :Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh pendampingan gizi olahraga terhadap komposisi tubuh dan asupan energi atlet bela diri.Metode :Pendampingan gizi intensif dilakukan selama empat bulan (Juni- September 2019). Pengukuran komposisi tubuh dilakukan 2 kali, yakni sebelum dan sesudah intervensi dengan menganalisis hasil pengukuran dari alat BIA (Bio Impadance Analyzer) tipe MBCA (Medical Body Compotiton Analyzer) 515/514 merk seca©. Variabel yang dianalisis diantaranya, total asupan kalori sehari diukur menggunakan instrumen Recall-24 jam, komposisi tubuh diukur dengan alat BIA yakni Fat Mass (FM), Fat Free Mass (FFM) dan Skeletal Muscle Mass (SMM). Pendampingan gizi dilakukan oleh ahli gizi olahraga yang mengunjungi 24 responden setiap bulan dan memberikan materi pendidikan gizi, memberikan makanan sehat dan memberikan konseling permasalahan gizi atlet.Hasil : Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan secara signifikan pada asupan energi total (1496,2±654,4 menjadi 1688,5±679,8, p= 0,002). Pada komposisi tubuh terjadi peningkatan pada FFM dan SMM yakni (56,57 ± 9,91 kg vs 57,01 ± 9,53, p = 0,032) dan (27,49 ± 5,58 vs 27,75 ± 5,31, p = 0,005) dan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan dalam variabel FM.Kesimpulan : Kesimpulan dari percobaan ini adalah pendampingan gizi secara intensif dapat meningkatkan asupan energi total, FFM dan SMM pada atlet bela diri. Kata Kunci : Komposisi tubuh, pendampingan gizi, asupan energiABSTRACTBackground :Sports nutrition is very urgent to improve nutrition knowledge, dietary intake and body composition to achieve an optimum athletic performance. Epidemiological studies showed most athletes lack of getting adequate intake and maintaining an ideal body composition.Objective :This study aims to analyze the effect of sport nutrition education on body composition and energy intake among elite combat sport athletes.Methods :Intensive sport nutrition was conducted for four months June until September 2019. Body composition was assessed for 2 times, before and after intervention using bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA), with seca© brand 515/514 type of stainless steel electrodes.Measurement of energy intake with recall 24 hours before and after the intervention. The variables studied were Fat Mass (FM), Fat Free Mass (FFM), Skeletal Muscle Mass (SMM) and energy intake.The professional sport nutritionist and dietitians visited 24 subjects every month by teaching nutrition education, bringing the healthy food, and facilitating the counseling about sport nutrition.Result :Energy intake increased significantly (1496,2±654,4 to 1688,5±679,8, p= 0,002). FFM and SMM increased significantly pre to post (56.57±9.91 kg vs 57.01±9.53, p=0.032) and (27.49±5.58 vs 27.75±5.31, p=0.005) respectively, meanwhile no significant differences in FM variable.Conclusion : Our findings indicate that intensive sport nutritionimproved energy intake, FFM and SMM among elite combat sport athletes. Keywords : Body compotition, sport nutririon education, energy intake

Download Full-text

Association of Sarcopenic Obesity and Body Composition With Metabolically Unhealthy Overweight/Obese Phenotypes Among Iranian Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-154683/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aliyu Tijani Jibril ◽

Atieh Mirzababaei ◽

Farideh Shiraseb ◽

Niloufar Rasaei ◽

Khadijeh Mirzaei

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Sarcopenic Obesity ◽

Iranian Women ◽

High Fat ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Objectives Obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome, with its prevalence has increased over the past decade. Major changes in body composition with aging have a significant effect on many clinical outcomes. Sarcopenic obesity consists of both the presence of abnormal adipose tissue with a deficit of muscle mass. Results Of the 241 subjects in this study (average age 35.32 years), 176 (73.03%) were classified as MUO phenotype. Based on this study, the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity was 7.88%. We found that high fat-free mass was more strongly and significantly associated with MUO phenotype. Furthermore, we found that individuals with high fat-free mass and high skeletal muscle mass had a significantly low prevalence of MUO phenotype. A significant positive correlation between metabolic phenotypes and sarcopenic obesity was also observed after all potential covariates were adjusted for. These results of this study suggest that increased adiposity and decreased skeletal muscle mass are associated with unfavorable metabolic traits among overweight and obese Iranian women. SO was also found to be associated with a greater risk of developing MUO phenotype.

Download Full-text

Effects of Short Term Omega-3 Supplementation on Body Composition, Food Intake, and Lipid Proﬁle in Elite Athletes: A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial

10.21203/rs.3.rs-98846/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sara Moradi ◽

Mohamadreza Alivand ◽

Yaser Khaje-Bishak ◽

Mohamad Asghari-Jafarabadi ◽

Maedeh Alipour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Placebo Group ◽

Food Intake ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Elite Athletes ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Anthropometric Measures

Abstract Background and Aims: animal studies consistently showed a key role for omega-3s in decreasing fat mass (FM). Also, previous studies have shown that increased omega-3 stimulates fat loss in individuals who experience obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. However, it is not known whether omega-3 supplementation make similar effects in healthy individuals with low FM. This study aimed to investigate the effects of omega-3 on changes in body composition, food intake, and lipid proﬁle in healthy athletes.Methods: 36 healthy men were allocated into either the supplement or the placebo group. Dietary intake assessed by the 24-hour food recall, before and after the intervention. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, and lipid proﬁle were measured at baseline and after 3-weeks.Results: The weight did not signiﬁcantly change at the end of the study. Body fat percent decreased signiﬁcantly at the end of the study in the omega-3 group (p= 0.003), but intergroup differences were not signiﬁcant. FM decreased but fat free mass (FFM) increased in omega-3 groups (p<0.05). In Lipid proﬁle indices just HDL-C increased (for omega-3 group p=0.001; for placebo group p=0.01; after adjustments p=0.78). Also, in the omega-3 group, energy intake (p=0.0007) and protein intake (p=0.04) after intervention increased, but after baseline adjustments they were not significant.Conclusion: 3-week omega-3 supplementation seems to be not effective in decreased FM, and increased HDL-C, and energy and protein intake in elite athletes. Further studies are recommended to determine the effect of different doses of omega-3 on adipose tissue in athletes with low FM.Clinical Trial Registration The present study was prospectively registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Studies on December 19, 2019 (ID: 20190625044008N1). https://en.irct.ir/trial/43332.

Download Full-text

COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BODY COMPOSITION PARAMETERS IN TEAM SPORTS AND SPRINT TRAINED INDIAN ATHLETES

Journal of Applied Sports Sciences ◽

10.37393/jass.2021.01.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2021) ◽

pp. 3-11

Author(s):

Subhojit Chatterjee ◽

◽

Usra Hasan ◽

Subhra Chatterjee ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Cell Mass ◽

Team Sports ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Training Status ◽

Body Cell Mass ◽

Male Athletes ◽

Body Cell

Introduction: Physiological and body composition variables have important role for assessment of training status and evaluation of health status of athletes. Regular monitoring of these variables during training may provide valuable information to coaches for training and selection of players’ training protocol participating in both team sports and individual events. Purpose and objectives of the study: The aims of this study were to compare physiological and body composition variables between male athletes participating in team sports (football) and individual sprint event and also to correlate training duration (both in years and hours per week) of male athletes participating in both team sports as well as sprint with physiological and body composition variables. Applied Methodology: The study was carried out with thirty-year-old (n=30) and BMI matching male Indian athletes participating in team sports (football, n=16) and individual sprint event (n=14), having minimum 2 years of official training. They were in post competitive phase during the test. Several physiological and body composition variables were assessed such as height, weight, body mass index, training age (years), training time (hours/week), fat mass, fat-free mass, body cell mass, muscle mass, VO2 max, maximal power, training intensity and fatigue index following standard protocol. Achieved major results: The sprinters were found to possess significantly more fat free mass (p < .01), body cell mass (p < .01), muscle mass (p < .01), less fat mass (p < .05) and more average anaerobic power (p < .01) than their peers - football players. However, no significant correlation was found between any of the measured physiological and body composition parameters and the training status of these players. Conclusion: This study would provide useful information for assigning training protocols to the athletes participating in team sports and individual sprint events on the basis of physiological and body composition parameters.

Download Full-text

The effect of liver enzymes on body composition: a Mendelian randomization study

10.1101/732685 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jun Xi Liu ◽

Shiu Lun Au Yeung ◽

Man Ki Kwok ◽

June Yue Yan Leung ◽

Lai Ling Hui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Liver Function ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Mendelian Randomization ◽

Positive Association ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

The Uk

AbstractBackgroundHigher alanine transaminase (ALT) is positively associated with diabetes but inversely associated with body mass index (BMI) in Mendelian randomization (MR) studies, suggesting liver function may affect body composition. To clarify, we assessed the association of liver function with muscle and fat mass observationally with two-sample MR as a validation.MethodsIn the population-representative “Children of 1997” birth cohort, we used multivariable linear regression to assess the adjusted associations of ALT and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (IU/L) at ~17.5 years with muscle mass (kg) and body fat percentage (%). Genetic variants predicting ALT, ALP and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) (100% change in concentration) were applied to fat-free and fat mass (kg) in the UK Biobank (n=~331,000) to obtain unconfounded estimates using MR.ResultsObservationally, ALT was positively associated with muscle mass (0.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.10 to 0.12) and fat percentage (0.15, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.17). ALP was inversely associated with muscle mass (−0.03, 95% CI −0.04 to −0.02) and fat percentage (−0.02, 95% CI −0.03 to −0.01). Using MR, ALT was inversely associated with fat-free mass (−0.41, 95% CI −0.64 to −0.19) and fat mass (−0.58, 95% CI −0.85 to −0.30). ALP was not clearly associated with body composition. GGT was positively associated with fat-free (0.30, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.06) and fat mass (0.41, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.71).ConclusionALT reducing fat-free mass provides a possible pathway for the positive association of ALT with diabetes, and suggests a potential target of intervention.

Download Full-text