scholarly journals Muscular Strength Spurts in Adolescent Male Basketball Players: The INEX Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 776
Author(s):  
Eduardo Guimarães ◽  
José A. R. Maia ◽  
Mark Williams ◽  
Filipa Sousa ◽  
Eduardo Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Medicine Ball

Although successful performance in basketball requires high levels of muscular strength during adolescence, its development is confounded by the effects of normal growth. We examine the timing, intensity and sequence of muscular strength according to biological age (years from peak height velocity (PHV)) and hypothesize that young basketball players attain their peak muscular strength spurts around PHV. A total of 160 adolescent male basketballers, aged 11–15 years, were followed bi-annually over 3 consecutive years. The years from attainment of PHV and peak weight velocity (PWV) were estimated and five muscular strength measures (sit-ups, handgrip, seated medicine ball throw, squat jump and countermovement jump) were aligned to years from PHV in 3-month intervals. Strength velocities were estimated using a non-smooth mathematical model. The mean ages at-PHV and at-PWV were 13.90 ± 1.40 years and 13.90 ± 1.79 years, respectively. Maximal velocity in sit-ups was attained 6 months prior to attainment of PHV (intensity = 10.69 repetitions·year−1), whereas maximal velocity in squat jump occurred 6 months after-PHV (intensity = 3.93 cm·year−1). Handgrip strength, seated medicine ball throw and countermovement jump maximal velocity peaked at-PHV (intensity = 8.47 kgf·year−1, intensity = 0.75 m·year−1, intensity = 5.59 cm·year−1, respectively). In general, maximal velocity spurts did not differ in their timing, with the velocities reaching a peak concurrent with PHV and PWV or within 6 months of its attainment. Basketball coaches, as well as strength and conditioning trainers, should consider individual differences in strength development and be aware of rapid periods of growth in stature when planning and designing muscular strength training regimes.

scholarly journals Development of Physical Performance Tasks during Rapid Growth in Brazilian Children: The Cariri Healthy Growth Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 5029
Author(s):  
Simonete Silva ◽  
Hudday Mendes ◽  
Duarte Freitas ◽  
António Prista ◽  
Go Tani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Performance Tasks ◽  
Age Cohorts

Growth and physical performance scores were studied around three years of attainment of peak height velocity (PHV). We aimed to estimate the age at peak velocity, or at peak rate, in physical performance tasks, and sex-differences when aligned by biological age. A total of 131 boys and 123 girls, 8 to 14 years of age were recruited from the Cariri region of Brazil. A mixed longitudinal design was used with four overlapping age cohorts: 8, 10, 12, and 14 years, followed for three years, with measurements performed at 6 month intervals. Height, 12 min run (12mR), handgrip strength (HG), standing long jump (SLJ), and shuttle run (SR) velocities were estimated using a non-smooth mathematical procedure. Age at PHV was 13.4 ± 1.6 years in boys compared with 12.2 ± 2.3 years in girls. Maximal velocity in SLJ was attained 6 and 3 months prior to PHV in boys and girls, respectively. For HG, peaks were attained 9 months after PHV in boys and 15 months after PHV in girls. Maximal velocity in 12mR was attained 6 months before PHV in boys and at PHV in girls, whereas a peak in SR occurred 12 months after PHV in both sexes. In conclusion, dynamic changes in physical performance relative to PHV appear similar in both sexes, although sex differences were evident in some motor tests.

scholarly journals Effects of Anthropometric Growth and Basketball Experience on Physical Performance in Pre-Adolescent Male Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natascia Rinaldo ◽  
Stefania Toselli ◽  
Emanuela Gualdi-Russo ◽  
Nicoletta Zedda ◽  
Luciana Zaccagni
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
T Test ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Explosive Strength ◽  
Motor Tests

During pre-adolescence, several variables connected to growth and weight status could influence physical performance and technical skills. This study aims to assess the influence of growth-related anthropometric changes, weight status, and basketball experience on physical performance in pre-adolescent basketball players. The sample consisted of 50 male basketball players (12.2 ± 0.4 years-old) included in the U-13 category. Anthropometric characteristics were collected using standard procedures. Physical performance was evaluated by 20 m Dash, T-test, squat jump, countermovement jump, and medicine ball throw. In order to assess growth-related changes, we conducted two surveys within a 10-week time span. Student’s t-test was used to compare the data collected in the two surveys and multiple regression analyses were performed to assess the effects of growth, weight status, and basketball experience on performance. After 10 weeks there was a significant increase in FFM (Fat-Free Mass) and a significant decrease in fat parameters. Moreover, between the two surveys, all motor tests significantly improved. The results of linear regression models showed that changes in %F (percentage of body fat) were significantly associated with speed and agility, while handgrip strength and weight status were associated with upper limb explosive strength. Basketball experience was a significant predictor of all three motor tests. In conclusion, body composition changes, years of experience, and weight status influenced physical performance and players’ motor skills ability, especially speed, agility, and upper limb explosive strength.

scholarly journals Impact of Low Volume Velocity-Controlled vs. Repetition to Failure Resistance Training Session on Measures of Explosive Performance in a Team of Adolescents Basketball Players

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Ott-Erik Kalmus ◽  
Mehis Viru ◽  
Brent Alvar ◽  
Fernando Naclerio
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Velocity Control ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Explosive Performance ◽  
Volume Resistance ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Medicine Ball

This study examined the short-term effects (post 6 h and 24 h) of two equated (70% of 1 repetition maximum (1-RM)) low volume resistance exercise protocols: (i) velocity-controlled (VC) and (ii) repetition to failure (RTF) on upper and lower body performance in competitive adolescent male basketball players. Following a randomized, counterbalanced design, ten participants (age: 16 ± 0.5 years) completed either VC or RTF separated by 72 h. VC consisted of 4 sets of 5 explosive repetitions (≥90% of the maximum velocity). RTF involved 2 sets of 10-RM (with no velocity control). Measurements of 20-m sprint, countermovement jump (CMJ) and medicine ball toss (MBT) were collected before (baseline), post 6 h and 24 h after either VC or RTF. Increases of CMJ post 6 h (VC, +6.7%; RTF, +2.4%) and MBT post 24 h (VC, +4.6%; RTF, +4.2%) were observed after both VC and RTF. Only VC potentiated CMJ after 24 h (+2.0 ± 2.3%). No other changes or differences between protocols were observed. Performing a low volume exercise protocol, either VC or RTF, induced similar potentiation effects on the vertical jump (post 6 h) and medicine ball toss (post 24 h) in adolescent basketball players. Only the VC protocol was still effective to potentiate CMJ performance after 24 h.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Physical Fitness Characteristics in Professional Padel Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5967
Author(s):  
Francisco Pradas ◽  
Alejandro Sánchez-Pay ◽  
Diego Muñoz ◽  
Bernardino J. Sánchez-Alcaraz
Keyword(s):  
Bench Press ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Isometric Handgrip ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Maximum Test

The aims of the present study were to examine the fitness characteristics of professional padel players and to determine differences in physical performance regarding players’ gender. Thirty professional padel players (men: n = 15, age = 27.4 ± 6.8 years, height = 177.9 ± 4.0 cm; women: n = 15, age = 30.0 ± 4.2 years, height = 166.6 ± 4.8 cm) completed a 4-day evaluation process, including: isometric handgrip strength, sit and reach, 10 × 5 shuttle test, countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), Abalakov test, one-repetition maximum test (bench press, leg extension, leg curl, lat pulldowns, overhead press, and shoulder press), anthropometry and VO2 max tests. The men players had higher values in terms of weight, height, one maximum repetition, jump tests (CMJ and ABK) and VO2 max test than the women (p < 0.005). By contrast, the women had higher values for fat mass (p = 0.005; ES: 2.49). The values from this multifaceted test battery can be a useful guide for coaches regarding players’ development in future evaluations and monitoring.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL MATURATION AND MUSCULAR STRENGTH: MEDIATION ANALYSIS IN PREPUBESCENT GIRLS

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Gomes de Oliveira Luz ◽  
Tatiana Durão D`Ávila Luz ◽  
João Valente-dos-Santos ◽  
João Pedro Duarte ◽  
André Filipe Teixeira e Seabra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Biological Maturation ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Medicine Ball

ABSTRACT Introduction: Biological maturation has been related to the level of physical activity and motor competence of children. Objectives: This study aimed to: 1) analyze the association between biological maturation and performance in muscular strength tests and 2) examine whether the relationship between maturation and performance in physical tests is mediated by anthropometric variables. Method: The sample was composed of 71 eight-year-old Brazilian girls. Anthropometry considered stature, body mass, waist circumference, estimated fat mass and fat-free mass. Biological maturation was assessed based on the percentage of predicted adult stature. The physical tests consisted of 2-kg medicine ball throw, handgrip strength, sit-ups and standing long jump. Pearson’s correlation test was conducted between the study variables and the last stage consisted of a causal mediation analysis. Results: Biological maturation was significantly associated with the 2-kg medicine ball throw (r=0.52) and handgrip strength (r=0.42) tests. In the 2-kg medicine ball throw, the relationship with maturation was mediated by body mass (total mediation, Sobel’s Test = 2.214, p<0.05) and by estimated lean mass (total mediation; Sobel’s Test = 3.146, p<0.001). In the handgrip strength test, body mass was the only mediating variable (total mediation; Sobel’s Test = 2.251, p<0.05). Conclusions: Advanced maturational status appears to contribute to the performance of prepubescent girls in muscular strength tests in which there is no translocation of total or partial body mass. It is recommended that studies be conducted in other age groups. Level of Evidence III; Study of nonconsecutive patients; without consistently applied reference ‘‘gold’’ standard.

scholarly journals Explosive Strength of Lower Limbs in 10 – 12 Years Old Athletes of Individual Sports

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
Daniela Leütterová ◽  
Petra Tomková ◽  
Dalibor Dzugas ◽  
Peter Kačúr ◽  
Pablo Prieto Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Explosive Strength ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Individual Sports

SummaryThe aim of the study was to determine the levels of lower limb explosive strength of girls in different sport specialization. The sample consisted of 24 girls in aerobic gymnastics (n = 12) and athletic (n = 12) aged 10 to 12 years. To assess the levels of girls’ lower limbs explosive strength, we administered the following tests: countermovement jump test, countermovement jump with free arms test, squat jump test, 10-seconds repetitive jumping test. Testing sessions took place in September 2019. To obtain data about the levels of lower limbs explosive strength, we recorded step height (cm) and duration of the flight phase (s). Data about the lower limbs explosive strength were collected using the Optogait system for optical detection. We applied basic statistical characteristics, namely Student’s t-test and multivariate linear regression. There were no significant differences between girls in aerobic gymnastics and athletics. We recorded better test results in the group of girl’s athletes in the countermovement jump, countermovement jump with free arms and squat jump. In the group of girl’s involved in aerobic gymnastics, we recorded better results in the 10-second repetitive vertical jumping and vertical jump strength. According to the collected data, we may conclude that the training process of the selected girls in terms of explosive strength development is significantly different. Girls involved in aerobic gymnastics showed a higher level of performance in the 10-second vertical jump, which results from the structure of sport specificity.

scholarly journals Morphological and Fitness Attributes of Young Male Portuguese Basketball Players: Normative Values According to Chronological Age and Years From Peak Height Velocity

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Antunes Ramos ◽  
Luis Miguel Massuça ◽  
Anna Volossovitch ◽  
António Paulo Ferreira ◽  
Isabel Fragoso
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Arm Span

The aims of the present study were: (i) to describe the structural and functional attributes of young male Portuguese basketball players aged 12–16 years and (ii) to generate normative data according to chronological age and years from peak height velocity. A total of 281 male Portuguese young basketball players between the ages of 12 and 16 years were assessed in this study. Chronological age, maturity parameters (maturity offset and predicted age at peak height velocity), morphological (body mass, height, and skinfolds and length), and fitness (sprint, change of direction ability, jump, and upper body strength) attributes were measured. Descriptive statistics were determined for the age and maturity status, and the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles were chosen as reference values. Descriptive and normative values of the players' morphological and fitness attributes, stratified by age and maturity status, are provided. The normative values of age at peak height velocity (category YAPHV = 0) showed that regional basketball players presented average values (50th percentile) of 169.8 cm for height, 173.3 cm for arm span, 55.6 kg for body mass, 3.34 s for the 20-m speed test, 10.31 s for the T-test, 4.75 m for the 2-kg medicine ball throw, 66.9 kg for the combined right and left handgrip strength, and 30.1 and 35.9 cm for jump height in the countermovement jump (CMJ) and CMJ with arm swing, respectively. In conclusion, these results may be helpful to quantify and control an athlete's performance over time and to adjust strength and conditioning programs to biological demands.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THE MANIFESTATION OF EXPLOSIVE POWER OF LOWER LIMBS IN BASKETBALL PLAYERS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladan Pelemiš ◽  
Ivan Prskalo ◽  
Damir Mandić ◽  
Zoran Momčilović ◽  
Vladimir Momčilović
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Explosive Power

Vertical jump is seen as the main motor skill in basketball, on which the final result largely depends. The research was conducted with the aim of identifying the connection between morphological characteristics and the manifestation of tests for assessing the explosive power of lower limbs of adolescent basketball players (14.99±0.82 years of age). The assessment of the explosive power of lower limbs was done using the tensiometer Quattro Jump - Kistler Portable performance analysis system 2019, Type 9290DD Switzerland, and standardized tests countermovement jump and squat jump were applied. The system of predictor variables included the factor of longitudinal skeletal dimensions, transverse skeletal dimensions, body volume and weight factor, and subcutaneous adipose tissue factor. All anthropometric measures were strictly taken in accordance with IBP standards. The results of the regression analysis indicated that the system of predictor variables had a statistically significant effect on the manifestation of explosive power of lower limbs in the variable countermovement jump (P=0.05) and squat jump (P=0.01). High values of the coefficients of determination in both cases explain from 92% to 97% of the total variation. The predictor variable Wrist diameter (Beta = -0.78) had the highest significant negative correlation in the countermovement jump test, while the following predictor variables also had the highest significant negative correlation with the squat jump criterion: Chest circumference (Beta=-1.07), Body weight (Beta=-060) and Thigh circumference (Beta=-0.39). Furthermore, negative correlations of variables for the assessment of transverse skeletal dimensions in young basketball players and negative linear correlation of variables for the assessment of subcutaneous adipose tissue in both criteria were observed. The authors recommend dividing athletes by positions they play in, in order to obtain more accurate information about the negative correlation between morphological characteristics and vertical jump tests.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Jump Performance and Sport Ages in U16 Basketball Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Ozlem Orhan ◽  
Sezen Cimen Polat ◽  
Imdat Yarim
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Jump Ability

This study was conducted to evaluate the jump performance of youth basketball players according to their sport ages. 26 male basketball players (14.1&plusmn;1.6 year) who participated in the study were divided into two groups of sport ages of 4 and below (&le;4) and 6 and above (&ge;6). The group with sports ages &le;4 consisted of 12 male basketball players with a height of 162&plusmn;2.56 cm, a body weight of 51.4&plusmn;3.04 kg, a body mass index of 19.4&plusmn;0.74 kg/m&sup2;. The other group with sports ages &ge;6 consisted of 14 male basketball players with a height of 155.9&plusmn;1.98 cm, a body weight of 45.7&plusmn;1.85 kg, a body mass index of 18.8&plusmn;0.69 kg/m. All basketball players&rsquo; squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) were measured (Optojump Microgate Bolzano, Italy). The Mann Whitney U test was used to determine whether there were differences between groups in terms of T flighttimes and jump heights. Statistically significant level of p&lt;0.05 was accepted. As a result of the study, no statistically significant difference was observed between the sport ages and SJ and CMJ splashes. In this respect, it can be considered that the Jump performance does not develop in parallel with the training age, and that the jump ability of this cause may be more related to motor skill and ability than the training age.

scholarly journals A Training Proposal to Improve Multidirectional Running Technique in Male and Female Handball Players: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2056
Author(s):  
Carmen Ferragut ◽  
Román Pedreira ◽  
José Julio Espina ◽  
Helena Vila
Keyword(s):  
Team Sports ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Intervention Protocol ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Experimental Group

Multidirectional running has been described as an important factor in team sports performance. The aim of the present study was to determine changes in T-test, 505 time, 10 m sprint, squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), countermovement jump right leg (CMJRL), and countermovement jump left leg (CMJLL) following exposure to 12 sessions over 4 weeks of a multidirectional running sprint training intervention in male and female handball players. A total of 31 handball players (15 male and 16 female) were recruited for this study and then randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG) or control group (CG). Male EG players showed improvements in 505 Preferred Side (PS) (p ≤ 0.05), 505 Non-Preferred Side (NPS) (p ≤ 0.05), and 10 m sprint (p ≤ 0.05), while female EG players presented statistically significant improvements between pre- and post-test for the T-test (p ≤ 0.05), 505 PS (p ≤ 0.05), 505 NPS (p ≤ 0.05), and 10 m sprint (p ≤ 0.05). No statistically significant pre- and post-test differences were observed in CG (all p ≥ 0.05) or between male and female players. We found an improvement in handball players’ agility and speed of movement following the intervention protocol, suggesting the need to introduce this program into our training sessions. It may also be necessary to select and develop more specific tests in order to evaluate multidirectional work in handball players.

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