scholarly journals Impact of Urbanization and Economic Growth on CO2 Emission: A Case of Far East Asian Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asim Anwar ◽  
Mustafa Younis ◽  
Inayat Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Far East ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Variable Bias ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization

Rising CO2 emission constitute a great threat to the world environment and public health. This study examines the major determinants of CO2 emissions in Far East countries in the period of 1980 to 2017. We adopt a panel data-fixed effect model that accounts for time-invariant country-specific characteristics that may create omitted-variable bias. We also additionally take care of the time trend by applying an annual fixed effect into our model. The study finds that urbanization, economic growth and trade openness significantly determine CO2 emission in the selected countries. Thus, the main policy suggestions are (a) to encourage green and sustainable urbanization, as it helps in economic progress but not at the expense of environmental deterioration; (b) to strategically regulate and improve industrial structure; and (c) enhance sharing of renewable energy in total energy consumption.

scholarly journals Environmental regulation, Industrial structure upgrading and Economic growth in Beijing Tianjin Hebei region

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 02021
Author(s):  
Menglu Li
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Industrial Structure Upgrading

This paper selects the panel data of 13 cities in Beijing Tianjin Hebei region from 2008 to 2016, and uses the fixed effect model to study the relationship between environmental regulation, industrial structure upgrading and economic growth in Beijing Tianjin Hebei region. The results show that: strengthening environmental regulation can promote the upgrading of industrial structure in Beijing Tianjin Hebei region by reducing the emission of pollutants; the upgrading of industrial structure is conducive to promoting the economic development of Beijing Tianjin Hebei region.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF POPULATION GROWTH AND TRADE OPENNESS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE OIC COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 537
Author(s):  
Noor Syahro El Muharromy ◽  
Ilmiawan Auwalin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Government

ABSTRAKPertumbuhan ekonomi memegang peranan penting dalam menentukan keberhasilan pembangunan sebuah negara, oleh karena itu setiap negara selalu menetapkan target pertumbuhan ekonomi yang stabil dalam tujuan pembangunan. Dalam prosesnya pertumbuhan ekonomi dipengaruhi oleh berbagai factor yang dapat mendorong atau bahkan menghambat laju pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pertumbuhan penduduk, keterbukaan perdagangan, inflasi, nilai tukar dan investasi terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi 40 negara anggota Organisasi Kerjasama Islam (OKI) pada tahun 2005-2019 menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis regresi data panel fixed effect model dan menggunakan aplikasi Eviews 11dalam mengelola data penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel pertumbuhan penduduk dan nilai tukar memiliki hubungan signifikan dan negatif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, sedangkan keterbukaan perdagangan dan investasi berpengaruh signifikan dan positif. Sedangkan investasi tidak berpengaruh signifikan pada pertumbuhan ekonomi di Negara OKI. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini pemerintah dan pihak terkait diharapkan dapat mengendalikan tingkat pertumbuhan penduduknya serta mendorong sektor perdagangan internasional untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi mengingat tingkat keterbukaan perdagangan di Negara OKI masih dibawah potensinya.Kata Kunci: Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Pertumbuhan Penduduk, Keterbukaan Perdagangan, Organisasi Kerjasama Islam. ABSTRACTEconomic growth plays an important role in determining the success of a country's development; therefore, each country always sets a target for stable economic growth in its development goals. In the process, economic growth is influenced by various factors that can encourage or even hinder the growth rate. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of population growth, trade openness, inflation, exchange rates and investment on the economic growth of 40 member countries of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) in 2005-2019 using a quantitative approach with a fixed effect model panel data regression analysis technique and using the Eviews application. 11 in managing research data. The results of this study indicate that the variables of population growth and exchange rates have a significant and negative relationship to economic growth, while trade openness and investment have a significant and positive effect. Meanwhile, investment has no significant effect on economic growth in the OIC Country. Based on the results of this study, the government and related parties are expected to control the rate of population growth and encourage the international trade sector to increase economic growth considering that the level of trade openness in the OIC is still below its potential.Keywords: Economic Growth, Population Growth, Trade Openness, Organization of Islamic Cooperation

scholarly journals Determinant of FDI Inflows in OIC Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Megasari ◽  
Samsubar Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Effect Model

This study aims to analyze the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) country members for the period 2005 to 2018 The determinant variables of FDI are corruption, political stability and macroeconomic variables such as inflation, exchange rates, economic growth, and trade openness. Analysis used in the study  is the fixed effect model (FEM) of the OIC data panel.The results showed that economic growth and trade openness had a significant influence on foreign direct investment (FDI), while the effects of corruption, political stability, inflation and the exchange rate have no significant effect on foreign direct investment (FDI).

scholarly journals Economic Growth and Unemployment Issues in Ten (10) Selected West African Countries: A Panel Data Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Joseph Eshun
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Okun’S Law ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Okun's Law ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Effect Regression ◽  
Variable Bias

The economic growth of nations continue to be one of the main issues that economists have been interested in analyzing. In effect, several theories have emerged to explain the growth of nations including the Okun’s law which tests the relationship between economic growth and unemployment. Using the World Bank Dataset, the study tested the validity of Okun's Law in West Africa by employing fixed effect regressions to control for inconsistencies of the OLS estimates due to omitted variable bias. The random and time-fixed effect regressions confirm the validity of the Okun's Law in West Africa. The time-fixed effect regression shows that, economic growth will decline by 0.311 annually for every unit increase in the rate of unemployment. Time variant effects such as changes in policy provides a stronger case for the effect of unemployment rate volatility on the growth of these economies. It is therefore recommended that, various stakeholders adopt efficient fiscal and monetary policies aimed at lowering the rate of unemployment thereby expanding economic growth. One of such policies could be the reduction of the high corporate tax rates in the region that is bedeviling African countries by preventing industries and businesses from being built.

Political stability and FDI in the most competitive Asia Pacific countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 140-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamunur Rashid ◽  
Xuan Hui Looi ◽  
Shao Jye Wong
Keyword(s):  
Trade Openness ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Liberal Trade ◽  
Determinants Of Fdi

Purpose Competitiveness is vital to attracting FDI into a country, which has led us to investigate the determinants of FDI in the top 15 most competitive countries in the Asia Pacific region. Design/methodology/approach We have analysed political stability alongside other commonly studied determinants of FDI. We have employed a panel data fixed-effect model on a 14-year sample data (2000-2013) involving the top 15 most competitive Asia Pacific countries. The Global Competitiveness Index was taken as the yardstick to identify these countries. We have used fixed effect, GMM-system, and Panel ARDL tests for robust results. Findings The GDP, trade openness and political stability positively influenced FDI inflows while inflation rate negatively impacted FDI inflows in the selected countries. Political stability was the most influential variable in the presence of other indicators. GDP, openness, and political stability exhibit significant long-run relationship with FDI inflows. Research limitations/implications To increase FDI flows, regulators should focus on building the image of the country, and possibly the region, by ensuring stable economic and political environment, maintaining macroeconomic stability through bi- and multi-lateral arrangements with neighbouring countries. Originality/value Regional relationships with neighbouring countries can be considered as the building blocks for attracting FDIs. These relationships can be strengthened based on liberal trade policies, openness in capital control, and cooperation in terms of political actions. One such recent issue in regional political cooperation include actions to reduce terrorism and corruption that help boost the confidence of the investors.

scholarly journals Trade Openness, Economic Growth and the Vicissitude of Labor-intensive Industries: The Case of China

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma Ying ◽  
Li Jing ◽  
Yu Guansheng ◽  
Yuan Dongyang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Simultaneous Equation ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Transformation Theory ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
The One

Abstract In this paper, we use China’s 1986-2008 data to make an empirical analysis on the interrelationship between trade openness, economic growth and the structural change of labor-intensive industries by using simultaneous equation models and a VAR model. Our empirical study leads to the three conclusions. First, trade openness has accelerated economic growth, though with some negative impact on the development of labor-intensive industries; Second, economic growth has had a positive effect on trade openness, but again negatively impacted the development of labor-intensive industries. Third, the expansion of labor-intensive industries has had negative effects on both trade openness and economic growth. Methodologically we rely on the transformation theory of industrial structure as an analytical framework to empirically study these three paradoxical outcomes. We introduce the three variables: trade openness, economic growth and the change of labor-intensive industries, as dependent as well as independent variables into our empirical models. And then we use technological progress, the share of secondary industries to GDP, total employment and investment ratio as control variables in order to test the robustness of the empirical results. In addition to explaining the factors responsible for changes in labor-intensive export industries we also provide two policy implications: First, labor-intensive industries should be scaled down to improve the efficiency of resources allocation. Second, China should timely transform its industrial structure of the export sectors from the one that is dominated by labor-intensive industries to the one that is dominated by capital (technology)-intensive industries so as to induce the export sectors to move in the direction favorable to the transformation of China’s present outward pattern of economic development.

scholarly journals Analysis on the influencing factors of industrial structure upgrading in Northeast China

2021 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 03034
Author(s):  
Dapeng Dong ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Guiyan Zhao ◽  
Yihui Qi
Keyword(s):  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
Quantile Regression Method ◽  
Industrial Structure Upgrading

Based on the panel data of 34 cities in Northeast China, this paper uses fixed-effect model and quantile regression method to empirically test the influencing factors of industrial structure upgrading. The results show that the government has led the upgrading of the industrial structure in Northeast China, economic growth and investment in fixed assets has inhibitory effect on industrial structure upgrade, the level of opening to the outside world, the financial sector development and the increase of human capital in the northeast has obvious role in promoting industrial structure upgrade. The quantile regression results show that the coefficient of each factor are basically consistent with the estimated results of ordinary panel fixed effect model, which further verifies the robustness of the research conclusions in this paper.

scholarly journals trade for development. determinants of economic growth in COMESA region. A panel data approach.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gassahun Getenet Gelaye
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Model Specification ◽  
Domestic Saving ◽  
Regression Result ◽  
Hausman Test ◽  
Fixed Capital Formation ◽  
Determinants Of Economic Growth

The objective of this paper is to analyze the determinants of economic growth in COMESA member countries from 1985-2015 using a panel data approach. In the study both descriptive and econometric analysis were used. For model specification a Hausman test and link tests were used. A Hausman test suggested for fixed effect model as an appropriate model in this study. In addition, other CLM assumptions were detected before the actual regression result and there were found a problem of serial correlation and heteroskedasticity. As a result, a cluster robust of standard error test was used to handle the problem. The regression result show that foreign direct investment, broad money, trade openness, and human capital growth were found to have positive and significant impact on economic growth in the region. In contrast, gross fixed capital formation in this study was found to have insignificant impact on economic growth in COMESA member countries. Moreover, government final consumption expenditure, inflation and population growth affects economic growth negatively and significantly in COMESA member countries. In this paper a policy recommendation appeal to appreciate domestic saving and investment from the residence, and reduction of tariff for imported capital goods and domestic innovation, reforms to be forwarded more open to global trade for the region (COMESA) member countries through reduction of trade barriers between the COMESA member countries and the rest of the world, and government consumption or investment in the region should be geared towards more productive activities for economic growth were discussed in this research paper.

scholarly journals Inequality and Economic Growth: An Analysis of 8-Panels

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Khadijah A. Idowu ◽  
Yusuf Bababtunde Adeneye
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
The World

<p><em>Purpose: This paper investigates the effects of inequality on economic growth in the world using continental approach.</em><em></em></p><p><em>Design/methodology:<strong> </strong>Gini Coefficient and Gross Domestic Products (GDP) per capita were used to measure inequality and economic growth respectively. The study conducted a panel data analysis of the relationship between inequality and economic growth. The data span from 1991-2015. Five countries were selected each from seven continents and were also pooled together to constitute a single panel for 35 countries, thus establishing 8 panels. The Hausman test was conducted to determine whether a random or fixed effect model best fit pooled countries analysis or not.</em><em></em></p><p><em>Findings: Findings revealed that for the developing countries, high income inequality retards economic growth while for the developed countries such as Europe countries; the situation seems to be different. European countries as revealed in the findings showed that developed countries have benefited from inequality which has significantly and positively affected their economic growth. The results for Panel II (Asia countries) and Panel III (Europe countries) are in line with the study of Forbes (2000) and Li and Zou (1998) that documented that inequality boosts economic growth. Importantly, we found that inequality positively affects economic growth for Panels/Continents with fixed effect model while inequality negatively affects economic growth for Panels/Continents with random effect model.</em></p><p><em>Research Limitation: The study did not control for each continent differences. For African countries, weak institutional settings and environment is a key factor contributing to high inequality.</em><em></em></p><p><em>Originality: The paper was able to know the specific effect of inequality on economic growth in each continent in the World. This documents continents that have benefited from inequality and those that inequality has greatly affected their economies negatively.</em><em></em></p>

ANALISIS:PENGARUH;DEMOKRASI TERHADAP;PERTUMBUHAN;EKONOMI INDONESIA;BAGIAN TIMUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 877
Author(s):  
Vina Indriani ◽  
Melti Roza Adry
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Free Variable ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Eastern Indonesia ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Educational Variables

The;purpose of;this research is;to;know:and;analyze:>(1);The;influence of;democracy;on;the economic;growth;of;eastern;Indonesia. (2) Investment influence on the economic growth of eastern Indonesia. (3) The influence of education on economic growth in eastern Indonesia. (4) The influence of democracy, investment, and education jointly towards the;economic;growth;of;eastern;Indonesia.The variables used;in;this study were economic growth as a bound variable and democracy as a free variable, as well as investment and educational variables as control variables. The research used the 17 provincial data panel in eastern Indonesia in 2009-2017. Data is obtained from the Central Statistics agency.The analysis tool used in this study is a regression panel with the model chosen is the Fixed Effect Model. The results showed that: (1) democracy is positive and significant to the economic growth of Eastern Indonesia, (2) investments have positive and significant impact on the economic growth of Eastern Indonesia, (3) education Positive and significant influence on the economic growth of Eastern Indonesia, (4) Democracy, investment, and education jointly significantly]influence{the}economic?growth/of/eastern Indonesia.

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