scholarly journals Photobiomodulation Therapy on Orthodontic Movement: Analysis of Preliminary Studies with a New Protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Impellizzeri ◽  
Martina Horodynski ◽  
Riccardo Fusco ◽  
Gaspare Palaia ◽  
Antonella Polimeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Photobiomodulation Therapy ◽  
Laser Applications ◽  
Alveolar Bone Remodeling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Displacement Speed

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on the acceleration of orthodontic movements, deriving from its biostimulating and regenerative capacity on soft tissues, consequent to the increase in differentiation, proliferation, and activity of cells that are involved with alveolar bone remodeling. The present randomized controlled trial was conducted on six patients who required extractive orthodontic therapy because their ectopic canines had erupted. A total of eight canines were analyzed, four of which received laser irradiation (i.e., experimental group). Two weeks after the extractions, all canines of the experimental and placebo groups were distalized simultaneously and symmetrically with the laceback retraction technique. The PBMT protocol consisted of four cycles of laser applications, one each on days 0, 3, 7, and 14 of the study, with session treatment durations of 2–4 min. The results of the descriptive analysis on the distal displacement speed of the canines after 1 month of follow-up indicate an average displacement of 1.35 mm for the non-irradiated group and 1.98 mm for the irradiated group. Through inferential analysis, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was found between the average speed of the irradiated canines and the control canines. The low energy density laser used in this study, with the parameters set, was found to be a tool capable of statistically significantly accelerating the distal displacement of canines.

Does tranexamic acid improve intra-operative visualisation in endoscopic ear surgery? A double-blind, randomised, controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (12) ◽  
pp. 1033-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Das ◽  
S Mitra ◽  
D Ghosh ◽  
S Kumar ◽  
A Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
External Auditory Canal ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Endoscopic Ear Surgery ◽  
Ear Surgery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Surgical Field

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effect of tranexamic acid on intra-operative bleeding and surgical field visualisation.MethodsFifty patients undergoing various endoscopic ear surgical procedures, including endoscopic tympanoplasty, endoscopic atticotomy or mastoidectomy, endoscopic ossiculoplasty, and endoscopic stapedotomy, were randomly assigned to: a study group that received tranexamic acid or a control group which received normal saline. The intra-operative bleeding and operative field visualisation was graded using the Das and Mitra endoscopic ear surgery bleeding and field visibility score, which was separately analysed for the external auditory canal and the middle ear.ResultsThe Das and Mitra score was better (p < 0.05) in the group that received tranexamic acid as a haemostat when working in the external auditory canal; with respect to the middle ear, no statistically significant difference was found between the two agents. Mean values for mean arterial pressure, heart rate and surgical time were comparable in both groups, with no statistically significant differences.ConclusionTranexamic acid appears to be an effective haemostat in endoscopic ear surgery, thus improving surgical field visualisation, especially during manipulation of the external auditory canal soft tissues.

scholarly journals Extraction socket preservation using a collagen plug combined withplatelet-rich plasma (PRP): A comparative clinico-radiographic study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
Numaan Nisar ◽  
Kumar Nilesh ◽  
Mushtaq Ishaq Parkar ◽  
Prashant Punde
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Root Anatomy ◽  
Extraction Socket ◽  
Socket Preservation ◽  
Bone Width ◽  
Alveolar Bone Remodeling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Novel Material ◽  
The Difference

Background. Alveolar bone remodeling after tooth loss results in reduced ridge dimensions in horizontaland vertical planes. To prevent this, various authors have proposed different ridge preservationtechniques. A collagen plug is a novel material that has shown promising results in preserving thealveolar bone. PRP has also yielded favorable outcomes in wound healing and promoted osteoinductionand osteoconduction Methods. Thirty patients of both sexes with an age range of 30–18 years requiring bilateral extractionof teeth with similar tooth root anatomy in the maxilla or mandible were included in the study. Theextraction of teeth was carried out atraumatically. The patients’ arches were randomly divided andlabeled as the test or control sides. Bone width was measured on both sides. A collagen plug, with PRP,was placed, and the extraction socket was sutured on the test side. The control side was just sutured. Abaseline RVG was taken to record the apico-coronal height. The patients were recalled after 10 days forsuture removal and evaluation of wound healing. Parameters were re-evaluated at three and six monthspostoperatively. The data were subjected to t-test and one-way ANOVA. Results. The height of the crestal bone on the grafted side was more when compared to the non-graftedside three and six months after tooth extractions, and the difference was statically significant (P<0.001).No statistically significant difference was seen in the width of the alveolar bone three and six monthsafter tooth extraction (P>0.05). Conclusion. Collagen and PRP provided reasonable socket preservation as simple and inexpensiveoptions as compared to other materials.

Acute Effects of Hip Mobilization With Movement Technique on Pain and Biomechanics in Females With Patellofemoral Pain: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-715
Author(s):  
Guilherme S. Nunes ◽  
Débora Faria Wolf ◽  
Daniel Augusto dos Santos ◽  
Marcos de Noronha ◽  
Fábio Viadanna Serrão
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hip Internal Rotation ◽  
Experimental Group

Context: People with patellofemoral pain (PFP) present altered lower-limb movements during some activities. Perhaps, joint misalignment in the hip is one of the reasons for altered movement patterns in people with PFP. Some mobilization techniques have been designed to address joint misalignments. Objective: To investigate the acute effects of hip mobilization with movement (MWM) technique on pain and biomechanics during squats and jumps in females with and without PFP. Design: Randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Setting: Movement analysis laboratory. Patients: Fifty-six physically active females (28 with PFP and 28 asymptomatic) were divided into 4 groups: experimental group with PFP, sham group with PFP, experimental group without PFP, and sham group without PFP. Intervention(s): The experimental groups received MWM for the hip, and the sham groups received sham mobilization. Main Outcome Measures: Pain, trunk, and lower-limb kinematics, and hip and knee kinetics during single-leg squats and landings. Results: After the interventions, no difference between groups was found for pain. The PFP experimental group decreased hip internal rotation during squats compared with the PFP sham group (P = .03). There was no other significant difference between PFP groups for kinematic or kinetic outcomes during squats, as well as for any outcome during landings. There was no difference between asymptomatic groups for any of the outcomes in any of the tasks. Conclusions: Hip mobilization was ineffective to reduce pain in people with PFP. Hip MWM may contribute to dynamic lower-limb realignment in females with PFP by decreasing hip internal rotation during squats. Therefore, hip MWM could be potentially useful as a complementary intervention for patients with PFP.

scholarly journals Soft Tissue Response to Titanium Abutments with Different Surface Treatment: Preliminary Histologic Report of a Randomized Controlled Trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Canullo ◽  
Jan Friedrich Dehner ◽  
David Penarrocha ◽  
Vittorio Checchi ◽  
Annalisa Mazzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neutrophil Granulocytes ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soft Tissue Response ◽  
Cleaning Methods

The aim of this preliminary prospective RCT was to histologically evaluate peri-implant soft tissues around titanium abutments treated using different cleaning methods. Sixteen patients were randomized into three groups: laboratory customized abutments underwent Plasma of Argon treatment (Plasma Group), laboratory customized abutments underwent cleaning by steam (Steam Group), and abutments were used as they came from industry (Control Group). Seven days after the second surgery, soft tissues around abutments were harvested. Samples were histologically analyzed. Soft tissues surrounding Plasma Group abutments predominantly showed diffuse chronic infiltrate, almost no acute infiltrate, with presence of few polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes, and a diffuse presence of collagenization bands. Similarly, in Steam Group, the histological analysis showed a high variability of inflammatory expression factors. Tissues harvested from Control Group showed presence of few neutrophil granulocytes, moderate presence of lymphocytes, and diffuse collagenization bands in some sections, while they showed absence of acute infiltrate in 40% of sections. However, no statistical difference was found among the tested groups for each parameter (p>0.05). Within the limit of the present study, results showed no statistically significant difference concerning inflammation and healing tendency between test and control groups.

scholarly journals A multicenter randomized controlled trial to compare a self-ligating bracket with a conventional bracket in a UK population: Part 2: Pain perception

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahla Rahman ◽  
R. James Spencer ◽  
Simon J. Littlewood ◽  
Lian O'Dywer ◽  
Sophy K. Barber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Perception ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Pain Experience ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Clinically Significant

ABSTRACT Objective:  To compare pain experience between self-ligating and conventional preadjusted edgewise appliance systems with a two-arm parallel trial. Materials and Methods:  A prospective multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in three hospital orthodontic departments. Subjects were randomly allocated to receive treatment with either a self-ligating (3M SmartClip™) or conventional (3M Victory™) bracket system with stratification for operator and center. Standardized protocol was followed for bracket bonding procedure and archwire sequence. Subject pain was recorded using a Verbal Rating Scale to assess discomfort felt on the teeth and soft tissues at the time of the appointment and 1, 3, and 5 days after each archwire change up to the working archwire. Multilevel modeling was used to analyze the data by blinded assessors. Results:  One hundred thirty-eight subjects (mean age 14 years 11 months) were enrolled in the study, of which 135 subjects (97.8%) completed the study and 113 (82%) returned the required data regarding pain/discomfort. Perceived pain was statistically higher with the SmartClip™ system compared to the Victory™ system, but this difference was not deemed to be clinically significant. Discomfort was greatest after placement of the initial 0.014-inch nickel-titanium archwire, compared with subsequent wires, and was greatest on day 1, less on day 3, and much less on day 5 after each archwire change. Age and gender did not affect the level of discomfort experienced by subjects undergoing fixed appliance treatment. Conclusion:  No clinically significant difference in pain experience was found between patients treated with a self-ligating bracket system compared to those treated with a conventional ligation system.

scholarly journals Preservation of Dental Sockets Filled with Composite Bovine Bone. A Single-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vail Natale Júnior ◽  
Francisley Ávila Souza ◽  
Eduardo Vedovatto ◽  
Renato Sussumu Nishioka ◽  
Pier Paolo Poli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Alveolar Bone Remodeling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Single Blind

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the preservation of alveolar dimensions in human fresh extraction sockets filled with a composite bovine bone graft by means of design of single-blind randomized clinical trial. Forty participants had monoradicular teeth extracted (one teeth in each participant), and after were randomly divided into 2 groups: individuals whose fresh sockets were filled with the composite heterologous bone graft (Biomaterial Group), or with blood clot (Control Group). After extraction, the fresh sockets were measured at their greatest mesiodistal (MD) and bucco-lingual/palatal (BL/P) distance. Primary closure of the soft tissue was performed with a fibro-mucosal plug. After 120 post-operative days, the re-entry procedure was performed and the largest MD and BL/P measurements were again obtained to calculate the remodeling of the alveolar bone measured in percentage. In the biomaterial group, a percentage reduction of 1.62% and 3.29% in the MD and BL/P dimensions was observed 120 days after the extractions, whereas a reduction of 4.97% and 7.18% in the MD and BL/P dimensions occurred in the control group. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the two groups for the bucco-palatal and mesiodistal measurements in the maxilla. In view of the results obtained, it can be concluded that composite bovine bone graft limited but did not impede alveolar bone remodeling.

Reducing the Social Stigma Associated with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Controlled Trial of an Intervention Program in a Turkish Community Sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-120
Author(s):  
Ayça Aktaç Gürbüz ◽  
Orçun YORULMAZ ◽  
Gülşah DURNA
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Case Vignette ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Scientific research into the reduction of stigmatization, particularly related to specific problems such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), is scarce. In the present study, we examine the impact of a video-based antistigma intervention program for OCD in a pretest-posttest control group research. After being randomly assigned to either an intervention (n= 101) or control group (n= 96), the participants reported their attitudes on a hypothetical case vignette before and after OCD vs. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) videos, and again six months later as a follow up assessment. The mixed design analyses for the group comparisons indicated that although there was no significant difference in the measures of the control group, the participants watching the anti-stigma OCD video, in which the focus was psychoeducation and interaction strategies, reported significantly lower scores on social distances and negative beliefs for the case vignettes they read, and this difference was maintained six months later. Then, the present results indicate the effectiveness of our anti-stigma intervention program for OCD. Interventions to reduce stigmatization can also be viewed as effective tools for changing the attitudes of people toward OCD, although further research and applications are needed related to specific disorders if a longlasting impact is to be achieved.

Breastfeeding Training through Role-Play and Effects on Mother-infant Attachment Behaviours: A Randomised Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farokh Saljughi ◽  
Mitra Savabi-Esfahani ◽  
Shahnaz Kohan ◽  
Soheila Ehsanpour
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Role Play ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Infant Attachment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Mother-infant attachment is an intimate, lasting and satisfying relationship that leads to better cognitive, emotional and social growth of the infant. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of breastfeeding training by role-play on mother-infant attachment behaviours. This research was a randomised clinical trial (parallel design). Inclusion criteria were: no history of mental disorders; ability to read and write the Persian language to complete the questionnaire; no history of drug and tobacco intake in primigravida women. The sample comprised 100 pregnant women (in 2 groups), selected through simple random sampling at healthcare centres. The researcher reviewed prenatal care registries of selected healthcare centres and extracted the names of pregnant women in their early third trimester. The data were imported into randomisation software. The control group received routine breastfeeding training, while the intervention group received routine training together with training through role-play. The data collection tool was the Maternal Behaviour Inventory Questionnaire. Consequently 75 samples were analysed in SPSS16. Independent t-tests and chi-square tests were used to examine the difference between the two groups. Results showed that the mean score of mother-infant attachment one week after delivery was significantly higher in the intervention group in comparison to that in the control group (p<0.001). No significant difference was observed between the two groups in maternal age, age of marriage, neonatal gender, maternal employment and education, number of parity, and number of abortions (P>0.05). Since breastfeeding training through role-play could affect mother-infant attachment, it is suggested that this type of training should be provided for pregnant women to promote mother-infant attachment and exclusive breastfeeding.

The Effect of Reflexology on Labor Pain and Length Among Primiparous Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azita Kamjoo
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Labor Pain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Labor Length ◽  
Primiparous Women

Background: Pain control is considered as the key issue in modern midwifery. Along with medical painkillers, reflexology is viewed as a non-medical and noninvasive method. Hence, we aimed to investigate the effect of reflexology on the intensity of pain and length of labor. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, participants included 240 Iranian primiparous women with term and singleton pregnancy. Having a 3-4 cm cervical dilatation once they visited the hospital. Through a convenient sampling method, they were selected and then randomly divided into two groups. In the intervention group, reflexology was performed, and the intensity of pain during the active phase of labor along with the length of labor in the active phase was measured by visual analog scale (VAS) and compared with the control group. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and Mann-Whitney U-test. Result: Data analysis showed a statistically significant difference between the intensity of pain in the 5-7 and 8-10 cm dilatation in the two groups (P=0.01). Moreover, the labor length in the active phase was found to be significantly shorter in the intervention group (P<0.001). Conclusion: It appears that reflexology can lead to a reduction in the pain and length of labor. Therefore, through instructing this technique, a goal of midwifery, which is reducing labor pain and its length can be achieved. Keywords: Reflexology, Labor Pain, Labor Length, Primiparous Women

The effect of foot reflexology on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in digestive or lung cancer patients: a randomized controlled trial (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Murat-Ringot ◽  
Pierre Jean Souquet ◽  
Fabien Subtil ◽  
Florent Boutitie ◽  
Marie Preau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Digestive Cancer ◽  
Complementary Medicines ◽  
Antiemetic Drugs ◽  
Platinum Based Chemotherapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Delayed Nausea

BACKGROUND Cancer is a chronic disease with an incident worldwide had been 24.5 million and 9.6 million deaths in 2017. Lung and colorectal cancer are the most common cancer for both sexes and according to national and international recommendations platinum-based chemotherapy is the reference adjuvant treatment. This chemotherapy can be moderately to highly emetogenic. Despite antiemetic therapy, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting may persist. Moreover, cancer patient are increasingly interested in alternative and complementary medicines and express the desire that non-pharmacological treatments be used in hospitals. Among alternative and complementary medicines, foot reflexology decreases significantly the severity of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in breast cancer patients. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of the present study was to assess the benefits of foot reflexology as a complement to conventional treatments on severity of acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in digestive or lung cancer patients. The secondary objectives assessed were the frequency and severity of delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, quality of life, anxiety, and self-esteem. METHODS The present study was conducted between April 2018 and April 2020 in French University Hospital. This is an open-label randomized controlled trial. Participants are randomized into two groups: 40 to interventional group (conventional care with foot reflexology) and 40 to control group (conventional care without foot reflexology). Foot reflexology sessions (30 minutes) are performed on an outpatient or inpatient. Eligible participants are patients with a lung or digestive cancer with indication for platinum-based chemotherapy. RESULTS The severity of acute nausea and vomiting was assessed with a visual analogue scale during the second cycle of chemotherapy. A significant increase of at least 2 points was observed for control group (20.6%, P = 0.01). Across all cycle, the foot reflexology group showed a trend towards less frequent delayed nausea (P=0.28), a significantly less frequent consumption of antiemetic drugs (P=0.04), and no significant difference for vomiting (P=0.99); there was a trend towards a perception of stronger severity for delayed nausea in the control group (P=0.39). According to quality of life and anxiety, there was no significant difference between the interventional group and the control group (P=0.32 and P=0.53 respectively). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the present study results indicated that foot reflexology decreased significantly the severity of acute nausea and consumption of antiemetic drugs in lung and digestive cancer patients. No side effects from foot reflexology have been noted. In order to better respond to a desire of patients for non-pharmacological treatments and CAMs to be used in hospitals to improve their care, the results of this study showed that foot reflexology seems to be a promising complement to conventional antiemetic drugs. To assess the performance of this intervention in routine practice, a larger study with several health care centers would be relevant with a cluster RCT. CLINICALTRIAL The present study registered with clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03508180 (28/06/2018) INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-10.2196/17232

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