scholarly journals Cancer Incidence Trends in the Oil Shale Industrial Region in Estonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Idavain ◽  
Katrin Lang ◽  
Jelena Tomasova ◽  
Aavo Lang ◽  
Hans Orru
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Urinary Bladder Cancer ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Cancer Registry Data ◽  
Analyse Time ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Large oil shale resources are found in Eastern Estonia, where the mineral resource is mined, excavated, and used for electricity generation and shale oil extraction. During industrial activities in the last 100 years, pollutants have been emitted in large amounts, some of which are toxic and carcinogenic. The current study aims to analyse time trends in cancer incidence in the oil shale industry-affected areas and compare them with overall cancer incidence rates and trends in Estonia. We analysed Estonian Cancer Registry data on selected cancer sites that have been previously indicated to have relationships with industrial activities like oil shale extraction. We included lung cancer, kidney cancer, urinary bladder cancer, leukaemia, breast cancer, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. A statistically significantly higher lung cancer age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was found during the study period (1992—2015) only in males in the oil shale areas as compared to males in Estonia overall: 133.6 and 95.5 per 100,000, respectively. However, there appeared to be a statistically significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the lung cancer ASIR in males in the oil shale areas (overall decrease 28.9%), whereas at the same time, there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in non-oil shale areas (13.3%) and in Estonia overall (1.5%). Other cancer sites did not show higher ASIRs in the oil shale industrial areas compared to other areas in Estonia. Possible explanations could be improved environmental quality, socio-economic factors, and other morbidities.

scholarly journals Trends in cancer incidence in Uruguay:2002 - 2015

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariela Garau ◽  
Carina Musetti ◽  
Rafael Alonso ◽  
Enrique Barrios
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Registry ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
National Cancer Registry ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Life Style Changes

Background: Uruguay is the southamerican country which has the highest cancer incidence and mortality rates. The National Cancer Registry collects data on cancer cases nationwide since 1989 and has reached high quality standards in the last decades. This is the first report on incidence trends. Methods: Data from the National Cancer Registry of all new cases of invasive cancer from twelve sites diagnosed in 2002-2015 was analyzed. Age-standardized rates were calculated. Trends of incidence rates were analyzed using joinpoint regression models. Results For both, men and women, incidence rates trends for all cancer sites, colo-rectal and bladder cancer remained stable. Esophageal and gastric cancers descend while Thyroid and kidney cancer incidence increased. In men lung cancer decreased; testicular cancer increased, and prostate cancer increased at the beginning of the period and decreased in the final years. In women; lung cancer increased, breast cancer remained stable and cervical cancer presented a significant decline from 2005 to 2010 and reached a plateau since then. Conclusion: Cancer incidence dynamics are complex and affected not only by Public Health policies such as tobacco control, vaccination and screening programs, but also by environmental and life style changes and the attitude of the medical community towards the application of diagnostic and therapeutic tools. The aim of this paper is to analyze cancer incidence time trends in the country and provide possible explanations to them.

scholarly journals Childhood cancer incidence in Canada: demographic and geographic variation of temporal trends (1992–2010)

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Xie ◽  
Jay Onysko ◽  
Howard Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Cancer Registry Data

Introduction Surveillance of childhood cancer incidence trends can inform etiologic research, policy and programs. This study presents the first population-based report on demographic and geographic variations in incidence trends of detailed pediatric diagnostic groups in Canada. Methods The Canadian Cancer Registry data were used to calculate annual age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) from 1992 to 2010 among children less than 15 years of age by sex, age and region for the 12 main diagnostic groups and selected subgroups of the International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC), 3rd edition. Temporal trends were examined by annual percent changes (APCs) using Joinpoint regression. Results The ASIRs of childhood cancer among males increased by 0.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.2–0.9) annually from 1992 to 2010, whereas incidence among females increased by 3.2% (CI = 0.4–6.2) annually since 2004 after an initial stabilization. The largest overall increase was observed in children aged 1–4 years (APC = 0.9%, CI = 0.4–1.3). By region, the overall rates increased the most in Ontario from 2006 to 2010 (APC = 5.9%, CI = 1.9–10.1), and increased non-significantly in the other regions from 1992 to 2010. Average annual ASIRs for all cancers combined from 2006 to 2010 were lower in the Prairies (149.4 per million) and higher in Ontario (170.1 per million). The ASIRs increased for leukemias, melanoma, carcinoma, thyroid cancer, ependymomas and hepatoblastoma for all ages, and neuroblastoma in 1–4 year olds. Astrocytoma decreased in 10–14 year olds (APC = −2.1%, CI = −3.7 to −0.5), and among males (APC = −2.4%, CI = −4.6 to −0.2) and females (APC = −3.7%, CI = −5.8 to −1.6) in Ontario over the study period. Conclusion Increasing incidence trends for all cancers and selected malignancies are consistent with those reported in other developed countries, and may reflect the changes in demographics and etiological exposures, and artefacts of changes in cancer coding, diagnosis and reporting. Significant decreasing trend for astrocytoma in late childhood was observed for the first time.

scholarly journals Trends in Lung Cancer Incidence Rates, Oklahoma 2005–2010

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e0119251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana S. Mowls ◽  
D. Robert McCaffree ◽  
Laura A. Beebe
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Lung Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rates

scholarly journals LUNG CANCER INCIDENCE IN VARIOUS CITIES OF THE WORLD (REVIEW)

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-246
Author(s):  
Liliya Zhuykova ◽  
Yevgeniy Choynzonov ◽  
Olga Ananina ◽  
Nina Lyakhova ◽  
Lidiya Pikalova
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
New York State ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Lung Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rates

Apart from smoking, an urban factor is an established risk factor for lung cancer. Lung cancer is associated with environmental factors, occupational exposure, bad habits and lifestyle factors. Approximately 17% of the annual deaths from lung cancer among adults are attributable to exposure to carcinogens located in the surface layer of the urban atmosphere, with industrial pollution and occupational hazards. According to recent data, 97% of cities in low- and middle-income countries with a population of more than 100 thousand people do not meet WHO recommendations for air quality; in high-income countries, this figure has been reduced to 49%. In the United States, the studies demonstrated that the prevalence of combined lung cancer was higher in urban areas (10.2%) than in rural areas (4.8%). There was a difference in the lung cancer incidence rates between the populations of the New York City and the New York State. In males, the lung cancer incidence rates were 1.4 times higher in the New York City than in the New York State (68.9 ± 1.2 0/0000 versus 48.5 ± 0.2 0/0000). In females, the lung cancer incidence rates were 1.2 times higher in the New York City than in the New York State (43.0 ± 0.3 and 34.9 ± 0.1 0/0000, respectively). In China, in urban areas, the lung cancer incidence mortality rates were 36.6 0/0000 and 28.9 0/0000, respectively. In rural areas, the corresponding values were 33.4 and 26.6 0/0000, respectively. Although the lung cancer incidence and mortality rates are higher in urban areas than in rural areas, these differences are gradually decreasing: the incidence rate between urban and rural areas has decreased from 2.1 to 1.1. The issue of the impact of environment on the incidence of lung cancer is challenging. The outdoor environment affects people’s health with varying degrees of intensity both in time and in space.

scholarly journals Ambient PM2.5 and Annual Lung Cancer Incidence: A Nationwide Study in 295 Chinese Counties

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huagui Guo ◽  
Weifeng Li ◽  
Jiansheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Lung Cancer Incidence ◽  
Lag Effects ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Males And Females

Most studies have examined PM2.5 effects on lung cancer mortalities, while few nationwide studies have been conducted in developing countries to estimate the effects of PM2.5 on lung cancer incidences. To fill this gap, this work aims to examine the effects of PM2.5 exposure on annual incidence rates of lung cancer for males and females in China. We performed a nationwide analysis in 295 counties (districts) from 2006 to 2014. Two regression models were employed to analyse data controlling for time, location and socioeconomic characteristics. We also examined whether the estimates of PM2.5 effects are sensitive to the adjustment of health and behaviour covariates, and the issue of the changing cancer registries each year. We further investigated the modification effects of region, temperature and precipitation. Generally, we found significantly positive associations between PM2.5 and incidence rates of lung cancer for males and females. If concurrent PM2.5 changes by 10 μg/m3, then the incidence rate relative to its baseline significantly changes by 4.20% (95% CI: 2.73%, 5.88%) and 2.48% (95% CI: 1.24%, 4.14%) for males and females, respectively. The effects of exposure to PM2.5 were still significant when further controlling for health and behaviour factors or using 5 year consecutive data from 91 counties. We found the evidence of long-term lag effects of PM2.5. We also found that temperature appeared to positively modify the effects of PM2.5 on the incidence rates of lung cancer for males. In conclusion, there were significantly adverse effects of PM2.5 on the incidence rates of lung cancer for both males and females in China. The estimated effect sizes might be considerably lower than those reported in developed countries. There were long-term lag effects of PM2.5 on lung cancer incidence in China.

Lung Cancer Incidence Trends in Iran and in Six Geographical Regions of the Country (2000 - 2005)

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sattar Bab ◽  
Edris Abdifard ◽  
Yousef Moradi ◽  
Azadeh Faraj ◽  
Mohammad Heidari
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Lung Cancer Incidence ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Geographical Regions

scholarly journals Lung Cancer Incidence Trends by Gender, Race and Histology in the United States, 1973–2010

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e0121323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Meza ◽  
Clare Meernik ◽  
Jihyoun Jeon ◽  
Michele L. Cote
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lung Cancer Incidence ◽  
Incidence Trends

scholarly journals Trends in lung cancer incidence by age, sex and histology from 2012 to 2025 in Catalonia (Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Guarga ◽  
Alberto Ameijide ◽  
Rafael Marcos-Gragera ◽  
Marià Carulla ◽  
Joaquim Delgadillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Histological Type ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Lung Cancer Incidence ◽  
Incident Cases

AbstractLung cancer remains one the most common cancers in Europe and ranks first in terms of cancer mortality in both sexes. Incidence rates vary by region and depend above all on the prevalence of tobacco consumption. In this study we describe recent trends in lung cancer incidence by sex, age and histological type in Catalonia and project changes according to histology by 2025. Bayesian age-period-cohort models were used to predict trends in lung cancer incidence according to histological type from 2012 to 2025, using data from the population-based Catalan cancer registries. Data suggest a decrease in the absolute number of new cases in men under the age of 70 years and an increase in women aged 60 years or older. Adenocarcinoma was the most common type in both sexes, while squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma were decreasing significantly among men. In both sexes, the incident cases increased by 16% for patients over 70 years. Increases in adenocarcinoma and rising incidence in elderly patients suggest the need to prioritize strategies based on multidisciplinary teams, which should include geriatric specialists.

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