scholarly journals Does Emotion Regulation Predict Gains in Exercise-Induced Fitness? A Prospective Mixed-Effects Study with Elite Helicopter Pilots

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4174
Author(s):  
David Cárdenas ◽  
Iker Madinabeitia ◽  
Francisco Alarcón ◽  
José C. Perales
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Negative Urgency ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Helicopter Pilots ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fitness Training ◽  
Exercise Induced

Emotion regulation (ER) is a strong predictor of different aspects of mental health and wellbeing. However, only recently has ER been examined in relation to physical activity and its effects on fitness. In the present study, 26 elite helicopter pilots, serving in the Spanish Air Force, were physically trained for 6 months, and their level of fitness (maximum oxygen consumption and time to exhaustion in a treadmill-running test) was assessed before and after that period. Additionally, two indices of emotion regulation (general adaptiveness of ER strategies, as measured by the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and negative urgency, as measured by the UPPS-P questionnaire) measured at baseline were used as prospective predictors of fitness improvement. After controlling for individual features, baseline fitness, and type of training, better emotion regulation strategies (more cognitive reappraisal plus less expressive suppression) predicted larger fitness gains (p = 0.028). Incidental emotion regulation, as measured by the negative urgency index, failed to predict pre–post-fitness changes (p = 0.734). These results suggest that fostering emotion regulation skills may improve the effectiveness of fitness training programs.

Effects of an antioxidant vitamin mixture on lipid peroxidation at rest and postexercise

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 965-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Kanter ◽  
L. A. Nolte ◽  
J. O. Holloszy
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Antioxidant Supplement ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Pentane Production ◽  
Vitamin Mixture

We studied the effects of ingesting an antioxidant vitamin mixture for 6 wk on breath pentane and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels before and after exercise. Twenty young (mean age 25.0 +/- 2.9 yr) healthy males were randomly assigned to either an antioxidant vitamin group (daily doses of 592 mg of alpha-tocopherol equivalents, 1,000 mg of ascorbic acid, and 30 mg of beta-carotene) or a placebo group. Exercise consisted of 30 min of treadmill running at 60% of maximal O2 consumption (VO2max) followed by 5 min of running at a pace that elicited approximately 90% of VO2max. Blood and breath samples were collected immediately after the two exercise bouts. The antioxidant supplement did not prevent the exercise-induced increase in lipid peroxidation, as reflected by the rate of pentane production and the increase in serum MDA concentration. However, ingestion of the antioxidant vitamins did result in significantly lower resting and postexercise levels of expired pentane and serum MDA. We conclude that taking ascorbate, alpha-tocopherol, and beta-carotene in the amounts used in this study serves to lower markers of lipid peroxidation at rest and after exercise but does not prevent the exercise-induced increase in oxidative stress.

Anaerobic capacity and muscle activation during horizontal and uphill running

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 262-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Sloniger ◽  
Kirk J. Cureton ◽  
Barry M. Prior ◽  
Ellen M. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Exercise Induced

Sloniger, Mark A., Kirk J. Cureton, Barry M. Prior, and Ellen M. Evans. Anaerobic capacity and muscle activation during horizontal and uphill running. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(1): 262–269, 1997.—Anaerobic capacity as measured by the maximal or peak oxygen deficit is greater during uphill than during horizontal running. The objective of this study was to determine whether the greater peak oxygen deficit determined during uphill compared with horizontal running is related to greater muscle volume or mass activated in the lower extremity. The peak oxygen deficit in 12 subjects was determined during supramaximal treadmill running at 0 and 10% grade. Exercise-induced contrast shifts in magnetic resonance images were obtained before and after exercise and used to determine the percentage of muscle volume activated. The mean peak oxygen deficit determined for uphill running [2.96 ± 0.63 (SD) liters or 49 ± 6 ml/kg] was significantly greater ( P < 0.05) than for horizontal running (2.45 ± 0.51 liters or 41 ± 7 ml/kg) by 21%. The mean percentage of muscle volume activated for uphill running [73.1 ± 7.4% (SD)] was significantly greater ( P < 0.05) than for horizontal running (67.0 ± 8.3%) by 9%. The differences in peak oxygen deficit (liters) between uphill and horizontal running were significantly related ( y = 8.05 × 10−4 x + 0.35; r = 0.63, SE of estimate = 0.29 liter, P < 0.05) to the differences in the active muscle volume (cm3) in the lower extremity. We conclude that the higher peak oxygen deficit during uphill compared with horizontal running is due in part to increased mass of skeletal muscle activated in the lower extremity.

Quantification of ultrastructural damage in human skeletal muscle

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 126-127
Author(s):  
T. G. Manfredi ◽  
W. Ding ◽  
W. J. Evans ◽  
R. A. Fielding ◽  
J. G. Cannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cellular Markers ◽  
Exercise Induced

Qualitative microscopic analysis of muscle architecture provides information about cellular markers of muscle fiber disruption in myopathic, aging, and experimentally damaged muscle. However, this approach does not provide sensitive information regarding the extent of muscle damage and has serious limitations when research protocols address tissue remodeling. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess the extent of muscle damage in young and older adults before and after exercise-induced damage. The older adults in this study had lower aerobic capacities and muscle mass than their younger counterparts, suggesting greater vulnerability toward muscle damage produced by physiologic stress.Five young males, ages 20 to 29 years and five older males, age 60 to 75 years had percutaneous needle biopsies taken from the vastis lateralis muscle before and after (N=9) exercise consisting of reverse cycling or downhill treadmill running at a prescribed physiologic effort. Muscle samples were prefixed in 3.0% gluteraldehyde in cacodylate buffer and post-fixed in VL OSO4. This was followed by routine procedures for TEM.

Smiling won’t make you feel better: Response-focused emotion regulation strategies have little impact on cognitive, behavioural, physiological, and subjective outcomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Bahl ◽  
Allison Ouimet
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Memory Accuracy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
The Common ◽  
Subjective Outcomes

Background and Objectives. Response-focused emotion regulation (RF-ER) strategies may alter people’s evoked emotions, influencing psychophysiology, memory accuracy, and affect. Researchers have found that participants engaging in expressive suppression (ES; a RF-ER strategy) experience increased sympathetic nervous system arousal, affect (i.e., higher subjective anxiety and negative emotion), and lowered memory accuracy. It is unclear, however, whether all RF-ER strategies exert maladaptive effects. Expressive dissonance (ED; displaying an expression opposite from how one feels) is a RF-ER strategy, and thus likely considered “maladaptive”. As outlined by the facial feedback hypothesis, however, smiling may increase positive emotion, suggesting it may be an adaptive strategy. We compared the effects of ED and ES to a control condition on psychophysiology, memory accuracy, and affect, to assess whether ED is an adaptive RF-ER strategy, relative to ES. Methods. We randomly assigned 144 female participants to engage in ED, ES, or to naturally observe, while viewing negative and arousing images. We recorded electrodermal activity and self-reported affect throughout the experiment and participants completed memory tasks. Results. There were no differences between groups across outcomes. Conclusion. Engaging in ES or ED may not lead to negative or positive impacts, shedding doubt on the common conclusion that specific strategies are categorically adaptive or maladaptive.

Binge Eating and Problem Gambling are Associated with Common and Distinct Deficits in Emotion Regulation among Community Women: Results from a Prospective Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Farstad ◽  
Kristin M. von Ranson
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Behavioral Addiction ◽  
Negative Urgency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severe Problem

To elucidate similarities and differences between binge eating and a behavioral addiction, this prospective study compared facets of emotion regulation that were associated with problem gambling, the only formally recognized behavioral addiction, and binge eating. Community-based women (N = 202) who engaged in at-risk binge eating (n = 79), at-risk gambling (n = 36), or both (n = 87) completed four online assessments over six months. Baseline and six-month surveys assessed self-reported emotion dysregulation (using the DERS and UPPS-P), binge eating (using the EDE-Q), and gambling (using the PGSI); abbreviated two- and four-month surveys assessed only binge eating and gambling. Binge eating and problem gambling were both associated with emotion dysregulation, and greater positive urgency was correlated with more severe problem gambling but less frequent binge eating. Negative urgency explained no unique variance in binge eating or problem gambling changes over time, once other facets of emotion dysregulation (i.e., positive urgency and facets assessed by the DERS) were included. Thus, previous cross-sectional research may have overestimated the association of negative urgency with both binge eating and problem gambling. Overall, these findings suggest that binge eating and problem gambling are associated with common as well as distinct emotion regulation deficits.

Concurrent and Lagged Relations between Emotion Regulation and Affect in Adolescents’ Daily Life

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana Silva ◽  
Teresa Freire ◽  
Susana Faria
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Trait Level

AbstractA better understanding of emotion regulation (ER) within daily life is a growing focus of research. This study evaluated the average use of two ER strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) and concurrent and lagged relationships between these two ER strategies and affect (positive and negative affect) in the daily lives of adolescents. We also investigated the role of the same strategies at the trait level on these within-person relationships. Thirty-three adolescents provided 1,258 reports of their daily life by using the Experience Sampling Method for one week. Regarding the relative use of ER strategies, cognitive reappraisal (M = 2.87, SD = 1.58) was used more often than expressive suppression (M = 2.42, SD = 1.21). While the use of both strategies was positively correlated when evaluated in daily life (p = .01), the same did not occur at the trait level (p = .37). Multilevel analysis found that ER strategies were concurrently related to affect (p < .01), with the exception of cognitive reappraisal-positive affect relationship (p = .11). However, cognitive reappraisal predicted higher positive affect at the subsequent sampling moment ( β = 0.07, p = .03). The concurrent associations between cognitive reappraisal and negative affect vary as function of the use of this strategy at the trait level (β = 0.05, p = .02). Our findings highlighted the complex associations between daily ER strategies and affect of a normative sample of adolescents.

Ethnic variation in emotion regulation: do cultural differences end where psychopathology begins?

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 445-445
Author(s):  
E.A. Arens ◽  
N. Balkir ◽  
S. Barnow
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ethnic Variation ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Turkish Immigrants ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Turkish Patients ◽  
Mental Well Being

IntroductionEmotion regulation (ER) via cognitive reappraisal (CR) has been shown to be superior to the use of expressive suppression (ES) in terms of several aspects of mental well-being. However, a cultural perspective suggests that the consequences of ES may be moderated by cultural values (Western/individualistic vs. Eastern/collectivistic values).ObjectiveTo test this hypothesis that ES may be associated with better outcomes in collectivistic cultures (e.g. Turkey) than in individualistic cultures (e.g. Germany) not only in healthy individuals but also in patients with mental disorders.AimThis study aims to gather knowledge to what extent associations of ER strategies and mental health are universal or rather culturally specific.MethodsWe investigated healthy (n = 30) and depressed (n = 30) German women and healthy (n = 30) and depressed (n = 30) Turkish immigrants living in Germany. Groups were compared in terms of frequency of ER strategies (CR and ES) and their consequences for different aspects of mental well-being.ResultsHealthy Turkish immigrants exhibited a greater ER flexibility (frequent use of ES plus frequent use of CR) what was associated with more positive outcomes of ES in Turkish than in German women. None of these differences were found between patient samples, both of which showed a greater use of ES than CR.ConclusionsResults suggest that cultural moderation of ES consequences are associated with a greater ER flexibility in healthy Turkish individuals. Depressed Turkish patients may not profit from ES due to their more rigid use of ES.

scholarly journals Emotion regulation therapy for cancer caregivers—an open trial of a mechanism-targeted approach to addressing caregiver distress

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison J Applebaum ◽  
Aliza A Panjwani ◽  
Kara Buda ◽  
Mia S O’Toole ◽  
Michael A Hoyt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Open Trial ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Clinically Significant

Abstract Informal caregivers (ICs) are integral to care provided to patients facing life-threatening or incurable illnesses. This responsibility causes considerable burden, as approximately one half of ICs report clinically significant symptoms of depression and/or anxiety that persist when left untreated. Psychosocial interventions containing efficacious treatment principles (e.g., cognitive behavior therapy [CBT]) show disappointing results in reducing anxiety and depression in ICs. This may reflect failure of these interventions to specifically target crucial mechanisms underlying the central feature of distress caused by the patient’s illness—notably, perseverative negative thinking (PNT). Emotion Regulation Therapy (ERT) is an efficacious CBT developed to explicitly target mechanisms underlying PNT and the emotional concomitants that arise in response to stressful situations. This open trial was conducted to evaluate the acceptability and initial efficacy of ERT adapted to the experience of cancer ICs (ERT-C). Thirty-one ICs provided informed consent and completed eight weekly individual sessions of ERT-C. Participants completed self-report measures of depression and anxiety symptoms, PNT, emotion regulation deficits, and caregiver burden before and after treatment. ERT-C was well tolerated as indicated by 22 treatment completers and feedback provided in exit interviews. ICs demonstrated reduced depression and anxiety symptoms, PNT, and emotion regulation deficits with moderate to large effect sizes (Hedge’s g range: 0.36–0.92). Notably, caregiver burden was not reduced but ICs expressed more ability to confront caregiving-related challenges. Findings offer promising but preliminary support for ERT-C as a conceptual model and treatment modality for distressed cancer ICs.

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