scholarly journals Risk Factors for Collisions and Near-Miss Incidents Caused by Drowsy Bus Drivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genta Miyama ◽  
Masakatsu Fukumoto ◽  
Ritsuko Kamegaya ◽  
Masahito Hitosugi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Bus Drivers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Physical Discomfort ◽  
Work And Life

Serious accidents have been caused by drowsy bus drivers and have necessitated an examination of the risk factors involved. A questionnaire survey among employees of a bus company was conducted in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan in September 2014. Respondents were asked to report details of their work and life over the preceding month. The 301 valid responses by bus drivers (295 men and 6 women) with a mean age of 51.6 years (range: 24–73 years) were used for analysis. Univariable logistic regression showed that factors affecting the incidence of collisions and near-miss incidents by drowsy drivers were continued driving when feeling sick, reporting a physical condition, number of sleep hours, time spent with family, working hours, and nutritional balance. According to a multiple regression analysis, continued driving when feeling sick (odds ratio: 3.421, 95% confidence interval: 1.618–7.231) was the only significant risk for the event. Managers should encourage drivers to voluntarily report poor health and should provide opportunities to stop driving if drivers experience physical discomfort or sleepiness. To improve road safety, educational measures are required for both drivers and managers to prevent driving under poor health conditions, although the decision to stop driving depends on drivers’ subjective judgment.

Comparison of incidence and pattern of interstitial lung disease (ILD) during erlotinib and gefitinib treatment in Japanese pts with NSCLC

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e19056-e19056
Author(s):  
K. Hotta ◽  
K. Kiura ◽  
N. Takigawa ◽  
H. Yoshioka ◽  
S. Harita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Toxicity Data ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gefitinib Treatment ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Erlotinib Therapy ◽  
Significant Factors

e19056 Background: Erlotinib was approved in Dec 2007 in Japan, and incidence and pattern of ILD during its therapy for Japanese pts with NSCLC has not still been determined, although we had previously reported the frequency of ILD through the gefitinib treatment [PASCO2004, #7063]. In this study, we intended to elucidate this issue in pts receiving erlotinib therapy. Methods: We reviewed the clinical records of 159 pts who had initiated erlotinib therapy last year (cohort A), and of 330 pts receiving gefitinib between 2000 and 2003 (cohort B) for comparing the incidence and pattern of ILD during the both TKI treatments. Toxicity data during the first months after the initiation of TKIs were obtained. Results: The demographics of 489 pts were as follows; M:63%, Ad:75%, and PS 0–1:69%. None of pts in the cohort B received erlotinib therapy before the gefitinib treatment, whereas 66 of the 159 cohort A pts (42%) were given gefitinib before the erlotinib therapy. In 23% and 28% of the pts in the cohorts A and B, erlotinib and gefitinb treatments were discontinued within 1 month after the initiation of TKI therapy, respectively. Two pts (1.3%) developed ILD in the cohort A during the first month of erlotinib treatment, while 8 ILD-events (2.4%) were observed in the gefitinib therapy (cohort B) during the same treatment period. Both 2 pts who developed ILD during the erlotinib therapy had not had a history of prior gefitinib treatment. The toxicity grades of ILD were as follows: grades 1 and 2 in 1 each (cohort A) and grades 3, 4 and 5 in 1, 1 and 6 pts, respectively (cohort B). Statistically significant factors affecting the occurrence of ILD by multivariate analysis were presence of prior pulmonary fibrosis (OR=37.3, p<0.01) and poor PS (OR=6.4, p=0.02), but type of TKIs was not a significant risk factor for ILD. Conclusions: In this setting, the type of TKIs did not affect the incidence of ILD although its incidence after the initiation of erlotinib was somewhat low as compared with that during gefitinib therapy. In addition, the grade of ILD was less severe in the cohort A. These might be partly due to a patient selection based on the recent awareness of Japanese physicians regarding the risk factors for ILD events who learned it through the gefitinib treatment. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Complications in Patients with Thalassemia Intermedia

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 1360-1360
Author(s):  
Adisak Tantiworawit ◽  
Poramed Winichakoon ◽  
Sasinee Hantrakool ◽  
Chatree Chai-adisaksopha ◽  
Ekarat Rattarittamrong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Extramedullary Hematopoiesis ◽  
Abnormal Liver Function ◽  
Thalassemia Intermedia ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Alpha Thalassemia

Abstract BACKGROUND Thalassemia intermedia (TI) or Non-transfusion dependent thalassemia (NTDT) is a mild form of thalassemia and does not require regular transfusion. Many complications can be found in this disease and different from thalassemia major(TM). Most studies mainly focus on beta thalassemia and lack of study in alpha group. This study aims to elucidate the prevalence of complications and identify predictive factors affecting complication of both alpha and beta NTDT patients. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed NTDT patients who attended our clinic from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2013. Medical record was reviewed for complication and clinical data. RESULTS One hundred NTDT patients were included in this study, female (60%), median age 38 years (19-78). Alpha thalassemia was the majority population (54%). Interestingly, overall complications were found in 83%. The three most common were extramedullary hematopoiesis (47%), cholelithiasis (35%) and abnormal liver function (29%). The others were endocrinopathy (29%), osteoporosis (17%), pulmonary hypertension (14%), cardiomyopathy (11%), thrombosis (4%), and leg ulcer (2%), respectively. The mean ferritin level was 1,563.46 ng/ml. Forty four and seventy six percent of patients had ferritin level more than 2,500 and 800 ng/ ml, respectively. The significant risk factors affecting complications in extramedullary hematopoiesis were female with odd ratio 2.76 (95% CI 1.046-7.294, p= 0.040) and hemoglobin level below 8 g/dL with odd ratio 3.08 (95% CI 1.113-8.521, p= 0.03) and the significant risk factors affecting complications in osteoporosis were female with odd ratio 7.64 (95% CI 1.514-38.604, p= 0.014) and age more than 40 years with odd ratio 4.66 (95% CI 1.313-16.506, p= 0.017). Iron overload (ferritin > 800 ng/ml) was the only risk factor for abnormal liver function from this study with odd ratio 3.79 (95% CI 1.033-13.919, p= 0.035), but trend to be statistical significant in other complications. Three patients were death and all of them died from sepsis. CONCLUSION Alpha thalassemia is the common type of NTDT in our study which is different from previous study. The complication in NTDT is also different from TM. The most common complications were extramedullary hematopoiesis, cholelithiasis and abnormal liver function. The prevalence of iron overload was high in these patients. Thus, regular iron monitoring and early investigation for complication detecting were necessary in this group of patients. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Most common ergonomic injuries among healthcare workers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shada M. Alharbi ◽  
Abdullah K. Alghanem ◽  
Hanan A. Alessa ◽  
Raghad S. Aldoobi ◽  
Fatimah A. Busayli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Physical Hazards ◽  
Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Surgical Setting

In the different healthcare settings, evidence shows that healthcare workers can be exposed to various work-related hazards, which might be ergonomics, biological, psychological, and physical hazards. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are frequently reported among the different healthcare workers, and estimates indicate that surgeons are the most commonly affected. Disorders and injuries related to the backbone, shoulders, wrist, and knees are mainly reported by healthcare workers as relevant ergonomic hazards. In the present literature review, we have discussed the commonest ergonomics that have been reported in the literature among healthcare workers. Musculoskeletal disorders as back, knee, and wrist pain are the most frequently reported among the different settings. We have also assessed the different reasons that might attribute to the development of such events, and increased workload and working hours, in addition to the harmful postures are the main reasons that have been reported in the literature. Each clinical and surgical setting might be associated with significant risk factors over others, and therefore, specific interventions should be applied within these settings to enhance satisfaction among healthcare workers. Healthcare authorities are mainly responsible to achieve this. However, further epidemiological investigations are still needed to adequately plan the righteous interventional programs.

Differences in limb, age and sex of Chinese deep vein thrombosis patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Chen ◽  
Ji Xin Xiong ◽  
Wei Min Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Left Limb ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Compression Ultrasonography

Objective Recently, the differences in age or sex of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) patients have been widely debated. However, close analyses of the differences in limb, age and sex of Chinese DVT patients have been scarcely reported. The purpose of this research is to study the differences in limb, age and sex of DVT patients. Methods A total of 783 consecutive DVT patients were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with an acute presentation of DVT were diagnosed by means of compression ultrasonography or venography. Clinical characteristics and provoked risk factors were analyzed. Results There were three frequency peaks including two smaller peaks at age 20–24 and 70–74 years, and the largest peak at age 45–59 years. The most significant risk factors affecting different age groups were as follows: pregnancy/puerperium for age ≤39; fracture and hysterectomy for age 40–64; fracture and malignancy for age ≥65. DVT frequency rate provoked by malignancy was higher in right DVT than left DVT (15.8% vs. 4.6%; p < 0.001). Left DVT was more common than right DVT (582 vs. 158). Left DVT tended to occur in females (male:female, 40.5%:59.5%), and right DVT in males (male:female, 74.7%:25.3%). DVT provoked by pregnancy/puerperium (56/63, 88.9%) or hysterectomy (27/30, 90.0%) was mostly located in left limb. Conclusion It is necessary to pay more attention to thromboprophylaxis for patients with the risk factors of pregnancy/puerperium, hysterectomy, fracture and malignancy, especially those over the age of 65. And further research into the cause of limb, age and sex differences in DVT occurrence is needed.

scholarly journals No association between seniority of surgeon and postoperative recurrence of chronic subdural haematoma

2015 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 584-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Phang ◽  
R Sivakumaran ◽  
MC Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Subdural Haematoma ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Chronic Subdural Haematoma ◽  
Timing Of Surgery ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Burr Holes

Introduction Neurosurgical trainees should achieve competency in chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) drainage at an early stage in training. The effect of surgeon seniority on recurrence following surgical drainage of CSDH was examined. Methods All CSDH cases performed at St George’s Hospital in London between March 2009 and March 2012 were analysed. Recurrence was defined as clinical deterioration with computed tomography evidence of CSDH requiring reoperation within six months. The following risk factors were considered: seniority of primary and supervising surgeons, timing of surgery (working hours, outside working hours), patient related factors (age, antiplatelets, warfarin) and operative factors (general vs local anaesthesia, burr holes vs craniotomy, drain use). For recurrent cases, we examined the distance of the cranial opening from the thickest part of the CSDH. Results A total of 239 patients (median age: 79 years, range: 33–98 years) had 275 CSDH drainage operations. The overall recurrence rate was 13.1%. The median time between the initial procedure and reoperation was 16 days (range: 1–161 days). The only statistically significant risk factor for recurrence was antiplatelets (odds ratio: 2.62, 95% confidence interval: 1.13–6.10, p<0.05). Warfarin, grade of surgeon, timing of surgery, type of anaesthesia, type of operation and use of drains were not significant risk factors. In 26% of recurrent CSDH cases, the burr holes or craniotomy flaps were placed with borderline accuracy. Conclusions CSDH drainage is a suitable case for neurosurgical trainees to perform without increasing the chance of recurrence.

HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia: Health View

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Sathiya Susuman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Risk Factors ◽  
High Level ◽  
Hiv Risk Factors

The aim of the research is to examine the HIV risk factors affecting poor health in Ethiopia by epidemiological perspectives. The Demographic and Health Survey 2011 and other secondary data were used. Ethiopian population growth has slowed dramatically or stopped due to HIV and AIDS. A logistic regression and correlation between HIV positive towards AIDS, high risk factors leading to exposure to HIV infection was adopted with selected variables. The study confirmed that the high level of HIV positivity and poor health was highly affected by socio-economic and demographic factors.

Characteristics of Female Youth Offenders in New Zealand

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey Lim ◽  
Ian Lambie ◽  
Annik van Toledo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
School Behavior ◽  
Youth Offenders ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Female Youth ◽  
Nonviolent Offenders ◽  
Mental Health Difficulties

Female youth offending is poorly understood, despite increased rates of such offending. Research indicates there are a range of factors that have a causal impact on the development of offending in young people. This study investigated risk factors using a retrospective file audit of 184 female youth offenders in New Zealand. The findings were classified using Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model, which highlights the different contextual levels that influence behavior, including individual, family, peer, school, community, and cultural factors. The results indicate that there are significant risk factors for female youth offenders. There were high rates of mental health difficulties, drug use, histories of maltreatment, family stressors, peer issues, and school behavior problems in the cohort. There was very little difference between violent and nonviolent offenders. All the young women had risk factors affecting them at many levels. Targeted, multisystemic intervention and prevention programs are therefore needed to address female youth offending.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and risk factors of needlestick injuries among healthcare workers in Iran: a systematic reviews and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheil Hassanipour ◽  
Mojtaba Sepandi ◽  
Reza Tavakkol ◽  
Mousa Jabbari ◽  
Hadiseh Rabiei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Needlestick Injuries ◽  
Factors Affecting

Abstract Background Occupational contact with blood and body fluids poses a significant risk to healthcare workers. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the epidemiology and risk factors affecting needlestick injuries (NSI) in healthcare personnel in Iran. Methods In March 2020, researchers studied six international databases such as Medline/PubMed, ProQuest, ISI/WOS, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar for English papers and two Iranian databases (MagIran and SID) for Persian papers. Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to assess quality of studies. The method of reporting was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. Results A total of 43 articles were included in the analysis. Results showed that females (OR = 1.30, 95 % CI 1.06–1.58, P value = 0.009), younger age (OR = 2.75, 95 % CI 2.27–3.33, P value < 0.001, rotated shift workers (OR = 2.16, 95 % CI 1.47–3.15, P value < 0.001), not attending training courses (OR = 1.30, 95 % CI 1.07–1.56, P value = 0.006), working in the surgery ward (OR = 1.83, 95 % CI 1.33–2.50, P value < 0.001), less work experience (OR = 1.43, 95 % CI 1.04–1.95, P value = 0.025) apposed a greater risk factors for NSI among healthcare workers. Conclusion Based on the results of this review, factors such as young age, less work experience, work shift, and female gender are considered as strong risk factors for NSI injury in Iran. Preventive measures including education programs can reduce the burden of NSI among healthcare personnel.

scholarly journals Vaccination programs, parity, and calving season as factors affecting the risk of fetal losses and mummified fetuses in Holstein cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. e0402-e0402
Author(s):  
Miguel Mellado ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Viral Vaccine ◽  
Single Vaccination ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
The Relationship

Aim of the study: To investigate vaccination programs, parity, and calving season as factors affecting the risk of abortion and mummified fetuses in Holstein cows. Area of study: Hot zone of Northeast Mexico. Material and methods: Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between peripartum disorders, parity, previous occurrence of abortion, season of calving, vaccination program, incidence of abortion, and mummified fetuses in Holstein cows. Main results: For 7014 pregnancies (2886 cows), the percentage of cows aborting and having mummified fetuses was 17.7 and 1.1, respectively. As the number of brucellosis vaccinations increased, the incidence of abortion increased (10.4% for a single vaccination and 38.0% for 6 accumulated vaccinations). Abortion for cows having 1-2 previous abortions (56%) and >2 abortions (77%) was fivefold and sevenfold greater (p<0.01), respectively, than that for cows without previous abortion. Other important risk factors for abortion were number of calvings (19.8% for nulliparous and primiparous vs. 13.8% for >3 parturitions; OR=1.7, p<0.01), leptospirosis vaccine application <55 days postpartum (dpp; OR=1.3, p<0.05), viral vaccine application >37 dpp (OR=1.3, p<0.01), brucellosis vaccine application >20 dpp (OR=1.6, p<0.01), and no application of clostridial vaccine (OR=3.7, p<0.01). Significant risk factors for mummified fetuses were application of ≥3 brucellosis vaccinations (OR=3.3, p<0.01), no application of 10-way clostridial vaccine (OR=2.3, p<0.01), >2 previous abortions (OR=18.4, p<0.01), and calving in autumn (OR=0.4, compared to winter, p<0.05). Research highlights: Risk of abortion and mummified fetuses in Holstein cows has been found to be related to vaccination programs.

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