scholarly journals Vaccination programs, parity, and calving season as factors affecting the risk of fetal losses and mummified fetuses in Holstein cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. e0402-e0402
Author(s):  
Miguel Mellado ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Viral Vaccine ◽  
Single Vaccination ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
The Relationship

Aim of the study: To investigate vaccination programs, parity, and calving season as factors affecting the risk of abortion and mummified fetuses in Holstein cows. Area of study: Hot zone of Northeast Mexico. Material and methods: Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between peripartum disorders, parity, previous occurrence of abortion, season of calving, vaccination program, incidence of abortion, and mummified fetuses in Holstein cows. Main results: For 7014 pregnancies (2886 cows), the percentage of cows aborting and having mummified fetuses was 17.7 and 1.1, respectively. As the number of brucellosis vaccinations increased, the incidence of abortion increased (10.4% for a single vaccination and 38.0% for 6 accumulated vaccinations). Abortion for cows having 1-2 previous abortions (56%) and >2 abortions (77%) was fivefold and sevenfold greater (p<0.01), respectively, than that for cows without previous abortion. Other important risk factors for abortion were number of calvings (19.8% for nulliparous and primiparous vs. 13.8% for >3 parturitions; OR=1.7, p<0.01), leptospirosis vaccine application <55 days postpartum (dpp; OR=1.3, p<0.05), viral vaccine application >37 dpp (OR=1.3, p<0.01), brucellosis vaccine application >20 dpp (OR=1.6, p<0.01), and no application of clostridial vaccine (OR=3.7, p<0.01). Significant risk factors for mummified fetuses were application of ≥3 brucellosis vaccinations (OR=3.3, p<0.01), no application of 10-way clostridial vaccine (OR=2.3, p<0.01), >2 previous abortions (OR=18.4, p<0.01), and calving in autumn (OR=0.4, compared to winter, p<0.05). Research highlights: Risk of abortion and mummified fetuses in Holstein cows has been found to be related to vaccination programs.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for stillbirths in Holstein cows in a hot environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. e0403
Author(s):  
Miguel Mellado ◽  
María I. Chávez ◽  
Ulises Macías-Cruz ◽  
Leonel Avendaño-Reyes ◽  
Evaristo Carrillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Calving Season

Risk factors for stillbirth were studied in a dairy operation in northern Mexico (25°N). Data set consisted of 29406 full term calving records. Factors affecting stillbirths were analyzed using a step-wise multivariable logistic regression models. The predictive indicators of stillbirth risk were: temperature-humidity index (THI) during pregnancy and at calving, season of calving, calf birth weight, gestation length, semen characteristics (conventional or sexed), gender of calves, hour of calving and type of parturition (normal or dystocic). Throughout the study period, 7.3 (95%, confidence interval= 7.0–7.6) of every 100 calving events had a stillborn calf. Stillborns were higher with severe dystocia compared with non-assisted births (29.0% vs. 6.2%, p<0.0001) and calves with birth weights <35 kg compared with heavier calves at calving (19.3% vs. 2.3%, p<0.0001), and was lower in calves whose gestation length was >278 d compared with calves with shorter gestation periods (2.8% vs. 30.0%, p<0.0001). Cows in a severe state of heat stress prenatally and at birth (THI >83 units) had 1.3 higher risk of stillbirths than cows suffering reduced heat stress (p<0.0001). Evidence for a greater (p<0.001) stillbirth rates in cows with parturitions between 18:00 and 19:00 h compared with cows calving during other hours of the day was found (9.1% vs. 7.1%). Together, these results demonstrate that ameliorating heat stress during the peripartum period is an important management practice to reduce stillbirths in Holstein cows in this warm climate. Additionally, a greater attention of parturition around sunset can lower the current stillbirth rates.

scholarly journals 86 Factors affecting beef calf vigor at birth: Dam peripartum body condition score, calving season, and calf size

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
Lindsey G Wichman ◽  
Colby A Redifer ◽  
Natalie B Duncan ◽  
Craig A Payne ◽  
Allison M Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Abdominal Girth ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract To determine effects of cow BCS and calving season on calf vigor and size and the relationship of calf size with vigor, 310 multiparous and primiparous beef cows (age: 4.6 ± 2.2 yr; BW: 663 ± 86 kg; BCS: 5.3 ± 0.6) from 3 spring (2015, 2016, 2017) and 4 fall (2015, 2017, 2018, 2019) calving seasons were observed during parturition. Time to stand (n = 191) was determined as minutes from birth to standing successfully for 5 sec. Within 24 h, calf BW (n = 187) and size [shoulder to tailhead length (STL), heart girth (HG), and abdominal girth (AG; n = 154)] were recorded. Data were analyzed using a mixed model containing effects of calving season (spring and fall), BCS category (&lt; 5, =5, ≥6), and their interaction. Correlations were determined between time to stand and calf measurements separately for spring (n = 79) versus fall (n = 111). Cows with BCS &lt; 5 gave birth to lighter (P = 0.02) calves that tended to have a faster (P ≤ 0.13) time to stand than =5 and ≥6. Calves from cows with BCS ≥6 tended to have greater (P ≤ 0.09) STL than =5 and &lt; 5. Calves from cows with BCS &lt; 5 had smaller (P = 0.13) HG than =5. Fall-born calves tended to have smaller (P ≤ 0.06) BW, HG, and AG than spring-born calves. Within fall calves, there tended to be a positive relationship (r = 0.16; P = 0.09) between time to stand and calf BW. Despite this, spring calves had a negative relationship (r = -0.26; P = 0.02) between time to stand and calf BW. In conclusion, cow BCS and calving season affect calf size and may affect calf vigor. These data suggest that calving season may dictate the relationship between calf vigor and size.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Self-Rated Economic Status and Falls among the Elderly in Shandong Province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 2150
Author(s):  
Zhuang Hong ◽  
Lingzhong Xu ◽  
Jinling Zhou ◽  
Long Sun ◽  
Jiajia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

(1) Background: Older people are more vulnerable and likely to have falls and the consequences of these falls place a heavy burden on individuals, families and society. Many factors directly or indirectly affect the prevalence of falls. The aims of this study were to understand the prevalence and risk factors of falls among the elderly in Shandong, China; the relationship between economic level and falls was also preliminary explored. (2) Methods: Using a multi-stage stratified sampling method, 7070 elderly people aged 60 and over were selected in Shandong Province, China. General characteristics and a self-rated economic status were collected through face to face interviews. Chi-square tests, rank sum tests and two logistic regression models were performed as the main statistical methods. (3) Results: 8.59% of participants reported that they had experienced at least one fall in the past half year. There was a significant difference in experienced falls regarding gender, residence, marital status, educational level, smoking, drinking, hypertension, diabetes, coronary disease, and self-reported hearing. The worse the self-rated economic status, the higher the risk of falling, (poor and worried about livelihood, OR = 3.60, 95%; CI = 1.76–7.35). (4) Conclusions: Women, hypertension, diabetes and self-reported hearing loss were identified as the risk factors of falls in the elderly. The difference of economic level affects the falls of the elderly in rural and urban areas. More fall prevention measures should be provided for the elderly in poverty.

Comparison of incidence and pattern of interstitial lung disease (ILD) during erlotinib and gefitinib treatment in Japanese pts with NSCLC

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e19056-e19056
Author(s):  
K. Hotta ◽  
K. Kiura ◽  
N. Takigawa ◽  
H. Yoshioka ◽  
S. Harita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Toxicity Data ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gefitinib Treatment ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Erlotinib Therapy ◽  
Significant Factors

e19056 Background: Erlotinib was approved in Dec 2007 in Japan, and incidence and pattern of ILD during its therapy for Japanese pts with NSCLC has not still been determined, although we had previously reported the frequency of ILD through the gefitinib treatment [PASCO2004, #7063]. In this study, we intended to elucidate this issue in pts receiving erlotinib therapy. Methods: We reviewed the clinical records of 159 pts who had initiated erlotinib therapy last year (cohort A), and of 330 pts receiving gefitinib between 2000 and 2003 (cohort B) for comparing the incidence and pattern of ILD during the both TKI treatments. Toxicity data during the first months after the initiation of TKIs were obtained. Results: The demographics of 489 pts were as follows; M:63%, Ad:75%, and PS 0–1:69%. None of pts in the cohort B received erlotinib therapy before the gefitinib treatment, whereas 66 of the 159 cohort A pts (42%) were given gefitinib before the erlotinib therapy. In 23% and 28% of the pts in the cohorts A and B, erlotinib and gefitinb treatments were discontinued within 1 month after the initiation of TKI therapy, respectively. Two pts (1.3%) developed ILD in the cohort A during the first month of erlotinib treatment, while 8 ILD-events (2.4%) were observed in the gefitinib therapy (cohort B) during the same treatment period. Both 2 pts who developed ILD during the erlotinib therapy had not had a history of prior gefitinib treatment. The toxicity grades of ILD were as follows: grades 1 and 2 in 1 each (cohort A) and grades 3, 4 and 5 in 1, 1 and 6 pts, respectively (cohort B). Statistically significant factors affecting the occurrence of ILD by multivariate analysis were presence of prior pulmonary fibrosis (OR=37.3, p<0.01) and poor PS (OR=6.4, p=0.02), but type of TKIs was not a significant risk factor for ILD. Conclusions: In this setting, the type of TKIs did not affect the incidence of ILD although its incidence after the initiation of erlotinib was somewhat low as compared with that during gefitinib therapy. In addition, the grade of ILD was less severe in the cohort A. These might be partly due to a patient selection based on the recent awareness of Japanese physicians regarding the risk factors for ILD events who learned it through the gefitinib treatment. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

The Interpretive Structural Model of EPC Project Risk Factors

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 3269-3272
Author(s):  
Jing Min Wang ◽  
Yan Mei Li ◽  
Yi Ping Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Performance Contracting ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
Project Risks ◽  
Interpretive Structural Model ◽  
The Relationship

Project invested with a type of Energy Performance Contracting has many stakeholders and its structure is complex. Risk factors produced from it are so widespread that its hard to control the risks of EPC project. Analyzing EPC project risks with interpretive structural model, solving reachability matrix and establishing Interpretive Structural Model to identify the relationship between factors and the surface, middle and deep risk factors affecting EPC project based on determination of risks, which provides a reference for policies and measures formulation of the relevant departments.

scholarly journals Maternal age as a risk factor for cerebral palsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-131
Author(s):  
Marta Sternal ◽  
Barbara Kwiatkowska ◽  
Krzysztof Borysławski ◽  
Agnieszka Tomaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth

Abstract The relationship between maternal age and the occurrence of cerebral palsy is still highly controversial. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of maternal age on the risk of CP development, taking into account all significant risk factors and the division into single, twin, full-term, and pre-term pregnancies. The survey covered 278 children with CP attending selected educational institutions in Poland. The control group consisted of data collected from the medical records of 435 children born at Limanowa county hospital, Poland. The analyses included socio-economic factors, factors related to pregnancy and childbirth, and factors related to the presence of comorbidities and diseases in the child. Constructed logistic regression models were used for statistical analyses. For all age categories included in the estimated models (assessing the effect of demographic factors on the development of CP), only the category of ≤24 years of age (in the group of all children) was significant. It was estimated that in this mother’s age category, the risk of CP is lower (OR 0.6, 95% CI: 0.3–1.0) in comparison to mothers aged 25-29 (p = 0.03). However, estimation with the use of a complex logistic regression model did not show any significant effect of maternal age on the incidence of CP in groups from different pregnancies types. It became apparent that maternal age is a weak predictor of CP, insignificant in the final logistic regression model. It seems correct to assume that the studies conducted so far, showing a significant effect of maternal age in this respect, may be associated with bias in the estimators used to assess the risk of CP due to the fact that other important risk factors for CP development were not included in the research.

scholarly journals Study of risk factors affecting both hypertension and obesity outcome by using multivariate multilevel logistic regression models

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepedeh Gholizadeh ◽  
Abbas Moghimbeigi ◽  
Jalal Poorolajal ◽  
Mohammadali Khjeian ◽  
Fatemeh Bahramian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Multilevel Logistic Regression ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Logistic Regression Models

scholarly journals Timing for Closed Reduction Procedure for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip and its Failure Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Zhang ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Hai Li ◽  
Ziming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Closed Reduction ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Developmental Dysplasia ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Midterm Outcome ◽  
Group I ◽  
Dysplasia Of The Hip

Abstract Background It remains controversial whether the older age to perform closed reduction (CR) procedure for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), the higher incidence of complications. The aim of this study is to evaluate the midterm outcome of CR for DDH among difference age groups, and to analyze and identify risk factors for the failure of this procedure. Methods Clinical data of 107 DDH patients, who received CR, were retrospectively reviewed. Data were divided into three groups according to initial treatment age (Group I: younger than 12 months; Group II: 12 months to less or equal to18 months; Group III: older than 18 months). The presence of avascular necrosis (AVN), residual acetabular dysplasia (RAD), re-dislocation, and further surgeries (FS) were observed. The risk factors were identified for those outcomes aforementioned using univariable logistic regression models. For identified risk factor age, pre-op acetabular index (AI) and post-op AI, their prediction of CR failure were evaluated by receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC).Results A total of 107 patients (156 hips) undergoing CR procedure were evaluated with a median age at initial reduction of 13.0±5.4 months (range, 4 to 28 mo). Mean follow-up time in this study was 6.7±0.8 years (range, 3-8 years). The incidence of AVN, RAD and re-dislocation was 15.4% (24/156), 17.3% (27/156) and 14.7% (23/156) respectively. For AVN, RAD and re-dislocation, the significant risk factors are pre-op IHDI IV (p=0.033), age≥18 months (p=0.012), and pre-op IHDI IV (p=0.004) and walking (p=0.011), respectively. The areas under the ROC curve of each type of failures were 0.841 (post-op AI), 0.688 (pre-op AI) and 0.650 (age).Conclusions Severe DDH patients older than 18 months with CR procedure may result in a high risk of RAD complication. Re-dislocation is significantly associated with pre-op IHDI IV and walking. Patients, who are older than 12.5 months or have a pre-op AI of 38.7° or a post-op AI of 26.4°, are also more likely to fail of CR procedure.

scholarly journals Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Sagittal Posture Abnormalities in Children Born With Esophageal Atresia: A Prospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Bisson ◽  
Laurence Gottrand ◽  
Madeleine Aumar ◽  
Audrey Nicolas ◽  
Rony Sfeir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Esophageal Atresia ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Associated Malformations ◽  
Likelihood Approach ◽  
Penalized Likelihood Approach

Introduction: Scoliosis is a well-described complication of esophageal atresia (EA) caused by the associated spine malformations and/or thoracotomy. However, the sagittal posture abnormalities in patients with EA have not been described. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of and risk factors for sagittal posture abnormalities at the age of 6 years in patients operated on for EA.Methods: A prospective cohort of 123 patients with EA was examined by the same rehabilitation doctor at the time of a multidisciplinary visit scheduled at the age of 6 years. Children presenting with scoliosis (n = 4) or who missed the consultation (n = 33) were excluded. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models with Firth's penalized-likelihood approach were used to identify risk factors associated with sagittal posture anomalies. Candidate risk factors included neonatal characteristics, associated malformations, atresia type, postoperative complications, psychomotor development retardation, orthopedic abnormalities, and neurological hypotonia.Results: The prevalence rates of sagittal posture abnormalities were 25.6% (n = 22; 95% CI, 16.7–36.1%). Multivariate analysis showed that minor orthopedic abnormalities (OR: 4.02, 95% CI: 1.29–13.43, P = 0.021), and VACTERL (OR: 3.35, 95% CI: 1.09–10.71, P = 0.042) were significant risk factors for sagittal posture abnormalities.Conclusion: This study shows that sagittal posture anomalies occur frequently in children operated on at birth for EA and are not directly linked to the surgical repair. These children should be screened and treated using postural physiotherapy, especially those with VACTERL and minor orthopedic abnormalities.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Complications in Patients with Thalassemia Intermedia

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 1360-1360
Author(s):  
Adisak Tantiworawit ◽  
Poramed Winichakoon ◽  
Sasinee Hantrakool ◽  
Chatree Chai-adisaksopha ◽  
Ekarat Rattarittamrong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Extramedullary Hematopoiesis ◽  
Abnormal Liver Function ◽  
Thalassemia Intermedia ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Alpha Thalassemia

Abstract BACKGROUND Thalassemia intermedia (TI) or Non-transfusion dependent thalassemia (NTDT) is a mild form of thalassemia and does not require regular transfusion. Many complications can be found in this disease and different from thalassemia major(TM). Most studies mainly focus on beta thalassemia and lack of study in alpha group. This study aims to elucidate the prevalence of complications and identify predictive factors affecting complication of both alpha and beta NTDT patients. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed NTDT patients who attended our clinic from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2013. Medical record was reviewed for complication and clinical data. RESULTS One hundred NTDT patients were included in this study, female (60%), median age 38 years (19-78). Alpha thalassemia was the majority population (54%). Interestingly, overall complications were found in 83%. The three most common were extramedullary hematopoiesis (47%), cholelithiasis (35%) and abnormal liver function (29%). The others were endocrinopathy (29%), osteoporosis (17%), pulmonary hypertension (14%), cardiomyopathy (11%), thrombosis (4%), and leg ulcer (2%), respectively. The mean ferritin level was 1,563.46 ng/ml. Forty four and seventy six percent of patients had ferritin level more than 2,500 and 800 ng/ ml, respectively. The significant risk factors affecting complications in extramedullary hematopoiesis were female with odd ratio 2.76 (95% CI 1.046-7.294, p= 0.040) and hemoglobin level below 8 g/dL with odd ratio 3.08 (95% CI 1.113-8.521, p= 0.03) and the significant risk factors affecting complications in osteoporosis were female with odd ratio 7.64 (95% CI 1.514-38.604, p= 0.014) and age more than 40 years with odd ratio 4.66 (95% CI 1.313-16.506, p= 0.017). Iron overload (ferritin > 800 ng/ml) was the only risk factor for abnormal liver function from this study with odd ratio 3.79 (95% CI 1.033-13.919, p= 0.035), but trend to be statistical significant in other complications. Three patients were death and all of them died from sepsis. CONCLUSION Alpha thalassemia is the common type of NTDT in our study which is different from previous study. The complication in NTDT is also different from TM. The most common complications were extramedullary hematopoiesis, cholelithiasis and abnormal liver function. The prevalence of iron overload was high in these patients. Thus, regular iron monitoring and early investigation for complication detecting were necessary in this group of patients. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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