scholarly journals Usefulness in Developing an Optimal Training Program and Distinguishing between Performance Levels of the Athlete’s Body by Using of Thermal Imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5698
Author(s):  
Teresa Kasprzyk-Kucewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Szurko ◽  
Agata Stanek ◽  
Karolina Sieroń ◽  
Tadeusz Morawiec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Sports Activity ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
High Level

The goal of the training is to enable the body to perform prolonged physical effort without reducing its effectiveness while maintaining the body’s homeostasis. Homeostasis is the ability of the system to maintain, in dynamic balance, the stability of the internal environment. Equally as important as monitoring the body’s thermoregulation phenomena during exercise seems to be the evaluation of these mechanisms after physical effort, when the athlete’s body returns to physiological homeostasis. Restoring homeostasis is an important factor in body regeneration and has a significant impact on preventing overtraining. In this work we present a training protocol using a rowing ergometer, which was planned to be carried out in a short time and which involves working the majority of the athlete’s muscles, allowing a full assessment of the body’s thermal parameters after stopping exercise and during the body’s return to thermal equilibrium and homeostasis. The significant differences between normalized mean body surface temperature obtained for the cyclist before the training period and strength group as well as before and 10 min after training were obtained. Such observation seems to bring indirectly some information about the sportsperson’s efficiency due to differences in body temperature in the first 10 min of training when sweat does not play a main role in surface temperature. Nearly 1 °C drop of mean body temperature has been measured due to the period of training. It is concluded that thermovision not only allows you to monitor changes in body temperature due to sports activity, but also allows you to determine which of the athletes has a high level of body efficiency. The average maximum body temperature of such an athlete is higher (32.5 °C) than that of an athlete who has not trained regularly (30.9 °C) and whose body probably requires further training.

Body cooling and response to heat

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Veghte ◽  
Paul Webb
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Central Control ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Gradient Effect ◽  
Sudomotor Activity ◽  
Body Cooling ◽  
High Level

Prior body cooling with cold air or water immersion increased human tolerance to a high level of heat stress. The lower the body temperature at the onset of the heat exposure, the greater the increase in tolerance times over the control values. Mean body temperature was the only discriminating criterion which successfully correlated with tolerance time in these experiments. Sudomotor activity in heat was inhibited by prior body cooling. It is postulated that the onset of sweating is due to a gradient effect, not to either peripheral or central control. Submitted on October 5, 1960

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHM ON BALANCE PERFORMANCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Karagul ◽  
Gulbin Rudarli Nalcakan ◽  
Yeliz Dogru ◽  
Murat Tas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Balance Performance

AbstractIntroduction. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of circadian rhythm on dynamic balance performance and to determine the role of physical activity level, body temperature, chronotype, and gender in this possible effect. Material andmethods. Forty-two young male and female subjects with different physical activity levels participated in the study. A dynamic equilibrium test, a Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), was conducted at 9:00, 13:00, and 17:00 on three different days with at least two days of interval between tests. The test scores were calculated by dividing the reaching distances by the leg length and multiplying the quotient by 100. The physical activity level and sleep state were evaluated using questionnaires. Before each test, body temperatures were measured orally. Results. The best SEBT scores were found at 13:00 and 17:00 in the male group and in the trained group. The body temperature changes increased parallel to SEBT scores. The scores for the non-dominant leg were found to be significantly different in posterior test directions, and those for the dominant leg were different in anterior directions. Chronotype did not affect the test results. Conclusions. Circadian rhythm was found to have an effect on dynamic balance performance. Body temperature, gender, and physical activity level were also found to play a role in this effect.

The significance of the coat in heat tolerance of cattle. II. Effect of solar radiation on body temperatures

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 871 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Hair Coat ◽  
Transparent Plastic ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Clear Plastic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

An experiment was performed to test the effect of solar radiation on the body temperatures of cattle, both clipped and with hair coat, in a clear transparent plastic covering as compared with cattle in a white reflective plastic covering. The mean body temperature of the animals in white plastic coats was 0.15°F lower than that of animals in clear plastic coats. This difference was highly significant statistically (P< 0.001). Animals in both clear and white coats had higher body temperatures than controls without plastic coats. The difference was highly significant, and was about 1.5°F in the clipped animals.

scholarly journals Field-based body temperatures reveal behavioral thermoregulation strategies of the Atlantic marsh fiddler crab Minuca pugnax

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244458
Author(s):  
Sarah Hews ◽  
Zahkeyah Allen ◽  
Adrienne Baxter ◽  
Jacquline Rich ◽  
Zahida Sheikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Fiddler Crab ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Intertidal Crab ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Difference

Behavioral thermoregulation is an important defense against the negative impacts of climate change for ectotherms. In this study we examined the use of burrows by a common intertidal crab, Minuca pugnax, to control body temperature. To understand how body temperatures respond to changes in the surface temperature and explore how efficiently crabs exploit the cooling potential of burrows to thermoregulate, we measured body, surface, and burrow temperatures during low tide on Sapelo Island, GA in March, May, August, and September of 2019. We found that an increase in 1°C in the surface temperature led to a 0.70-0.71°C increase in body temperature for females and an increase in 0.75-0.77°C in body temperature for males. Body temperatures of small females were 0.3°C warmer than large females for the same surface temperature. Female crabs used burrows more efficiently for thermoregulation compared to the males. Specifically, an increase of 1°C in the cooling capacity (the difference between the burrow temperature and the surface temperature) led to an increase of 0.42-0.50°C for females and 0.34-0.35°C for males in the thermoregulation capacity (the difference between body temperature and surface temperature). The body temperature that crabs began to use burrows to thermoregulate was estimated to be around 24°C, which is far below the critical body temperatures that could lead to death. Many crabs experience body temperatures of 24°C early in the reproductive season, several months before the hottest days of the year. Because the use of burrows involves fitness trade-offs, these results suggest that warming temperatures could begin to impact crabs far earlier in the year than expected.

Circadian variations in the sweating mechanism

1975 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Timbal ◽  
J. Colin ◽  
C. Boutelier
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Circadian Variations ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
Skin Temperatures

Sweat rates and body temperatures of human subjects were measured at 0200, 1000, and 1800 h during a heat exposure of 90 min. The latent period of sweating was not significantly altered in the evening but significantly shortened during the night. Mean body temperature corresponding to the onset of sweating was nearer to the basal body temperature during the night, while during the day the difference between these two temperatures became larger. This phenomenon seems related to the circadian cycle of vasomotor adjustment, since during the night body conductance was higher than during the day and corresponded to a state of a vasodilatation similar to that observed at the onset of sweating. During the day, this situation was reversed. During steady state, the following changes were observed: sweating rate, night less than morning less than evening; skin temperatures, night less than morning less than evening; and rectal temperature increase, morning less than evening less than night. It is hypothesized that these changes are due to either different metabolic rates or an imbalance between heat gains and losses which preserve the circadian rhythm of the body temperature, even under thermal loads.

scholarly journals Kupffer cells in the regulation of the cholesterol content in the liver and the blood lipoproteins, the level of iodine-containing thyroid hormones in the blood and the body temperature in rats with experimental peritonitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-401
Author(s):  
E. N. Chepeleva ◽  
F. I. Vismont
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Kupffer Cells ◽  
Nitrogen Monoxide ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Experimental Peritonitis ◽  
High Level

Despite the modern surgery progress and success, the achievements of asepsis and antisepsis, as well as rather broad possibilities of antibacterial, infusion and detoxification therapy, the incidence of peritonitis and mortality from it remain at a high level.The aim of the study was to clarify the significance of the activity of Kupffer cells in the regulation of total cholesterol in the liver and blood lipoproteins, the level of iodine-containing thyroid hormones in the blood and the body temperature in rats with experimental peritonitis.It was found that in the conditions of experimental peritonitis in rats, secondary atherogenic dyslipoproteinemia develops and the level of iodine-containing thyroid hormones in the blood decreases. Kupffer cells and nitrogen monoxide are involved in the changes in the content of total cholesterol, lipoproteins, the level of iodine-containing hormones in the blood plasma and the body temperature during peritonitis. A decrease in the activity of Kupffer cells in peritonitis, apparently, plays a compensatory role and prevents the development of secondary dyslipoproteinemia.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION OF DAIRY COWS AT DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL CLIMATIC PARAMETERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mijić ◽  
V. Gantner ◽  
G. Vučković ◽  
T. Bobić ◽  
M. Baban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Surface Heat ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Climatic Parameters

Cattle have a constant body temperature, which held up to a certain limit. Due to changing ambient climatic parameters (temperature, humidity, THI index), can lead to certain consequences which have a deleterious effect on the health of the animals, and even can cause death of the animal. The assumption of this research was that the environmental climatic parameters have an impact on cows in milk production.The study involved 50 Holstein cows, which were divided in the same building and in the two groups: the first (n = 25) = 30 kg milk and 2 (n = 25) = 30 and more kg of milk. The results showed that the surface temperature of the body was measured on the left side of the body cows (area rumen) increased no matter what was the level of milk production. However, the surface temperature of the udder measured from the back of the cows showed a different trend. The temperature of the udder of the cow in the first (with a milk production of less than 30 kg) was constant (average of 34.95 ° C), in contrast to the other groups of cows (with a milk production of 30 kg or more), where the surface temperature is increased as the udder increased and THI index in the barn.The increase in metabolic activity in animals (such as dairy cows) and leads to an increase in surface heat in certain parts of the body, and what is even more pronounced when the animals are in inadequate surroundings or barn that is not adapted to cows with high milk production.

Some aspects of body temperature regulation in sheep

1968 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. D. Webster ◽  
K. G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Heat Increment ◽  
Skin Temperatures

SummarySkin temperatures, deep body temperatures and respiratory rates have been measured in Southdown and Merino sheep following feeding, and during infra-red irradiation, rumen infusions of hot and cold water, and cold exposure induced by shearing. The increases in respiratory rate and skin temperatures induced by infra-red heating and the heat increment of feeding were reversed by addition of iced water to the rumen and were suppressed by shearing. These responses could not be systematically related to particular body temperatures in the sheep and appeared to be continuously variable rather than ‘all-or-none’ phenomena. Considerable overlap was observed between respiratory and vasomotor mechanisms of thermoregulation. Measurements of the surface area and weight of ears and legs showed that these regions contribute approximately 23% of the surface area and 8% of the body weight in Merino sheep. Calculations suggested that up to 70% of the additional heat produced in the 2 h after feeding in sheep may be stored in the tissues through increase in mean body temperature. Sheep kept in short wool throughout the winter appeared to establish a new thermoregulatory ‘set-point’ associated with lower rectal temperatures than those in sheep with a full fleece.

Thermal biology of the spotted snow skink, Niveoscincus ocellatus, along an altitudinal gradient

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luh P. E. K. Yuni ◽  
Susan M. Jones ◽  
Erik Wapstra
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Thermal Biology

Body temperatures in ectotherms are strongly affected by their thermal environment. Ectotherms respond to variation in the thermal environment either by modification of behavioural thermoregulation to maintain their optimal body temperature or by shifting their optimal body temperature. In this study, the body temperatures of males of three populations of spotted snow skinks, Niveoscincus ocellatus, living along an altitudinal gradient (low, mid, and high altitude) were studied in the field and laboratory in spring, summer, and autumn, representing the full activity period of this species. The environmental variation across both sites and seasons affected their field active body temperatures. At the low and mid altitude, N. ocellatus had a higher mean body temperature than at the high altitude. Animals achieved their thermal preference at the low and mid altitude sites in all seasons. At the high altitude, however, N. ocellatus struggled to reach its preferred body temperatures, especially in autumn. The lower body temperature at the high-altitude site is likely due to limited thermal opportunity and/or an effect of avoiding the costs associated with increased intensity of basking.

Thermal ecology of the high-altitude bunch grass lizard, Sceloporus scalaris

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2152-2155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey R. Smith ◽  
Royce E. Ballinger ◽  
Justin D. Congdon
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thermal Ecology ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Early Maturity

The thermal ecology of a high-altitude lizard, Sceloporus scalaris, was investigated in the Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern Arizona, where the lizards are active on sunny days throughout the year. Mean body temperature was 32.6 °C (range 12.6–39 °C) and mean air temperature was 20.2 °C (range 5.2–36.4 °C). The slope of the body temperature versus air temperature regression was 0.23. Monthly differences in body temperature were observed, with the highest body temperatures observed in early summer. Lizards at three study sites with differing slope and vegetative cover had different mean body temperatures. Males had higher body temperatures than both nongravid and gravid females. Maintenance of elevated body temperatures even during winter lengthens the activity and growing season, permitting early maturity with potentially important life-history consequences.

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