scholarly journals Field-based body temperatures reveal behavioral thermoregulation strategies of the Atlantic marsh fiddler crab Minuca pugnax

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244458
Author(s):  
Sarah Hews ◽  
Zahkeyah Allen ◽  
Adrienne Baxter ◽  
Jacquline Rich ◽  
Zahida Sheikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Fiddler Crab ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Intertidal Crab ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Difference

Behavioral thermoregulation is an important defense against the negative impacts of climate change for ectotherms. In this study we examined the use of burrows by a common intertidal crab, Minuca pugnax, to control body temperature. To understand how body temperatures respond to changes in the surface temperature and explore how efficiently crabs exploit the cooling potential of burrows to thermoregulate, we measured body, surface, and burrow temperatures during low tide on Sapelo Island, GA in March, May, August, and September of 2019. We found that an increase in 1°C in the surface temperature led to a 0.70-0.71°C increase in body temperature for females and an increase in 0.75-0.77°C in body temperature for males. Body temperatures of small females were 0.3°C warmer than large females for the same surface temperature. Female crabs used burrows more efficiently for thermoregulation compared to the males. Specifically, an increase of 1°C in the cooling capacity (the difference between the burrow temperature and the surface temperature) led to an increase of 0.42-0.50°C for females and 0.34-0.35°C for males in the thermoregulation capacity (the difference between body temperature and surface temperature). The body temperature that crabs began to use burrows to thermoregulate was estimated to be around 24°C, which is far below the critical body temperatures that could lead to death. Many crabs experience body temperatures of 24°C early in the reproductive season, several months before the hottest days of the year. Because the use of burrows involves fitness trade-offs, these results suggest that warming temperatures could begin to impact crabs far earlier in the year than expected.

scholarly journals Field-based body temperatures reveal behavioral thermoregulation strategies of the Atlantic marsh fiddler crab Minuca pugnax

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Hews ◽  
Zahkeyah Allen ◽  
Adrienne Baxter ◽  
Jacquline Rich ◽  
Zahida Sheik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Fiddler Crab ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Intertidal Crab ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Difference

AbstractBehavioral thermoregulation is an important defense against the negative impacts of climate change for ectotherms. In this study we examined the use of burrows by a common intertidal crab, Minuca pugnax, to control body temperature. To understand how body temperatures respond to changes in the surface temperature and explore how efficiently crabs exploit the cooling potential of burrows to thermoregulate, we measured body, surface, and burrow temperature data during low tide on Sapelo Island, GA in March, May, August, and September of 2019. We found that an increase in 1°C in the surface temperature led to a 0.70-0.71°C increase in body temperature for females and an increase in 0.75-0.77°C in body temperature for males. Body temperatures of small females were 0.3°C warmer than large females for the same surface temperature. Female crabs used burrows more efficiently for thermoregulation compared to the males. Specifically, an increase of 1°C in the cooling capacity (the difference between the burrow temperature and the surface temperature) led to an increase of 0.42-0.50°C for females and 0.34-0.35°C for males in the thermoregulation capacity (the difference between body temperature and surface temperature). The body temperature that crabs began to use burrows to thermoregulate was estimated to be around 24°C, which is far below the critical body temperatures that could lead to death. Many crabs experience body temperatures of 24°C early in the reproductive season, several months before the hottest days of the year. Because the use of burrows involves fitness trade-offs, these results suggest that warming temperatures could begin to impact crabs far earlier in the year than expected.

The significance of the coat in heat tolerance of cattle. II. Effect of solar radiation on body temperatures

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 871 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Hair Coat ◽  
Transparent Plastic ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Clear Plastic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

An experiment was performed to test the effect of solar radiation on the body temperatures of cattle, both clipped and with hair coat, in a clear transparent plastic covering as compared with cattle in a white reflective plastic covering. The mean body temperature of the animals in white plastic coats was 0.15°F lower than that of animals in clear plastic coats. This difference was highly significant statistically (P< 0.001). Animals in both clear and white coats had higher body temperatures than controls without plastic coats. The difference was highly significant, and was about 1.5°F in the clipped animals.

Biophysical constraints on the thermal ecology of dinosaurs

Paleobiology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. O'Connor ◽  
Peter Dodson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Seasonal Adjustment ◽  
List Type ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Precise Control

A physical, model-based approach to body temperatures in dinosaurs allows us to predict what ranges of body temperatures and what thermoregulatory strategies were available to those dinosaurs. We argue that 1.The huge range of body sizes in the dinosaurs likely resulted in very different thermal problems and strategies for animals at either end of this size continuum.2.Body temperatures of the smallest adult dinosaurs and of hatchlings and small juveniles would have been largely insensitive to metabolic rates in the absence of insulation. The smallest animals in which metabolic heating resulted in predicted body temperatures ≥ 2°C above operative temperatures (Te) weigh 10 kg. Body temperature would respond rapidly enough to changes in Te to make behavioral thermoregulation possible.3.Body temperatures of large dinosaurs (>1000 kg) likely were sensitive to both metabolic rate and the delivery of heat to the body surface by blood flow. Our model suggests that they could adjust body temperature by adjusting metabolic rate and blood flow. Behavioral thermoregulation by changing microhabitat selection would likely have been of limited utility because body temperatures would have responded only slowly to changes in Te.4.Endothermic metabolic rates may have put large dinosaurs at risk for overheating unless they had adaptations to shed the heat as necessary. This would have been particularly true for dinosaurs with masses > 10,000 kg, but simulations suggest that for animals as small as 1000 kg in the Tropics and in temperate latitudes during the summer, steady-state body temperatures would have exceeded 40°C. Slow response of body temperatures to changes in Te suggests that use of day-night thermal differences would have buffered dinosaurs from diel warming but would not have lowered body temperatures sufficiently for animals experiencing high mean daily Te.5.Endothermic metabolism and metabolic heating might have been useful for intermediate and large-sized (100–3000 kg) dinosaurs but often in situations that demanded marked seasonal adjustment of metabolic rates and/or precise control of metabolism (and heat-loss mechanisms) as typically seen in endotherms.

Ocular surface temperature differences in glaucoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110237
Author(s):  
Ari Leshno ◽  
Ori Stern ◽  
Yaniv Barkana ◽  
Noa Kapelushnik ◽  
Reut Singer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Tissue Temperature ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Current Thinking ◽  
Imaging Camera ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Purpose: Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroinflammation and immune response are part of the sequence of pathological events leading to optic nerve damage in glaucoma. Changes in tissue temperature due to inflammation can be measured by thermographic imaging. We investigated the ocular surface temperature (OST) profile of glaucomatous eyes to better understand the pathophysiology of these conditions. Methods: Subjects diagnosed with glaucoma (primary open angle glaucoma [POAG] or pseudo exfoliation glaucoma [PXFG]) treated at the Sam Rothberg Glaucoma Center (11/2019–11/2020.) were recruited. Healthy subjects with no ocular disease served as controls. The Therm-App thermal imaging camera was used for OST acquisition. Room and body temperatures were recorded, and the mean temperatures of the medial cantus, lateral cantus, and cornea were calculated with image processing software. Results: Thermographic images were obtained from 52 subjects (52 eyes: 25 POAG and 27 PXFG) and 66 controls (66 eyes). Eyes with glaucoma had a significantly higher OST compared to controls (mean 0.9 ± 0.3°C, p < 0.005). The difference between the two groups remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, intraocular pressure (IOP) and room and body temperatures. Lens status and topical IOP-lowering medication did not significantly affect OST. A subgroup analysis revealed that the OST was higher among eyes with POAG compared to eyes with PXFG, but not significantly. Conclusions: Differences in the OST between glaucomatous and normal eyes strengthens current thinking that inflammation affects the pathophysiology of glaucoma. Longitudinal studies are warranted to establish the prognostic value of thermographic evaluations in these patients.

Rancang Bangun Pengukur Suhu Tubuh Dengan Multi Sensor Untuk Mencegah Penyebaran Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-549
Author(s):  
Helmy Yudhistira Putra ◽  
Utomo Budiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Heat Measurement ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Door Lock ◽  
Body Heat

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the price of preventive equipment such as masks and hand sanitizers has increased significantly. Likewise, thermometers are experiencing an increase and scarcity, this tool is also sought after by many companies for screening employees and guests before entering the building to detect body temperatures that are suspected of being positive for COVID-19. The use of a thermometer operated by humans is very risky because dealing directly with people who could be ODP (People Under Monitoring/Suscpected ) or even positive for COVID-19, therefore we need tools for automatic body temperature screening and do not involve humans for the examination. This research uses the MLX-90614 body temperature sensor equipped with an ultrasonic support sensor to detect movement and measure the distance between the forehead and the temperature sensor so that the body heat measurement works optimally, and a 16x2 LCD to display the temperature measurement results. If the measured body temperature is more than 37.5 ° C degrees Celsius then the buzzer will turn on and the selenoid door lock will not open and will send a notification to the Telegram messaging application. The final result obtained is the formation of a prototype device for measuring body temperature automatically without the need to involve humans in measuring body temperature to control people who want to enter the building so as to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission

scholarly journals Effect of nutrition on the body temperature and relative organ weights of broilers

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4575
Author(s):  
Julyana Machado da Silva Martins ◽  
Evandro De Abreu Fernandes ◽  
João Paulo Rodrigues Bueno ◽  
Carolina Magalhães Caires Carvalho ◽  
Fernanda Heloisa Litz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Average Surface ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

<p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different nutritional plans on the body temperature and organ biometrics in male and female broilers, of two ages. Here, 1,700 birds were used (850 males and 850 females) in a completely randomized design composed of five treatments (- 3%, - 1.5%, reference, + 1.5% and + 3%), with 10 repetitions, totaling 50 experimental units; the reference treatment based on nutritional and energy levels indicated in previous studies was calculated from this. At 35 and 42 d, the temperatures of the wing, head, shin, back, and cloaca in males and females were measured separately, and the average surface and body temperature were calculated. At 42 d, relative weights of the gizzard, liver, heart, and small intestine were calculated. The temperatures of the wings, back, and cloaca, and consequently the average surface temperature and body temperatures, were not affected by nutritional plans. Effects of increasing the nutritional and energy levels were observed on liver weights, the gizzard, and the small intestine. We conclude that the nutritional plans did not affect body temperature. Males had higher body temperatures than females. Body temperature increased with increase in age, and the increase in the nutritional plans increased liver weight and reduced the gizzard weights.</p>

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN SUHU TUBUH BAYI BARU LAHIR ANTARA BAYI YANG BERHASIL MELAKUKAN INISIASI MENYUSU DINI DAN BAYI YANG TIDAK BERHASIL MELAKUKAN INISIASI MENYUSU DINI

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Aprilia Aprisanti Reyani
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
The Body ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Latar Belakang :Kehangatan dada ibu dapat menghangatkan bayi, sehingga apabila bayi diletakan di dada ibunya segera setelah melahirkan atau dilakukan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini, dapat menurunkan resiko hipotermia dan menurunkan kematian bayi baru lahir akibat kedinginan atau hipotermia. Tujuan : Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan suhu tubuh bayi baru lahir antara bayi yang berhasil melakukan IMD dan bayi yang tidak berhasil melakukan IMD Metode  :Analitik,desain cross sectional,populasi semua bayi baru lahir, sampel bayi barulahir, teknik Non Random Sampling, pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan Lembar Observasi dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square dengan nilai signifikan α = 0.05 yaitu bila hasil uji statistik menunjukan p ≤ α maka H0 ditolak. Hasil      :Suhu tubuh bayi baru lahir yang berhasil melakukan IMD sebagianbesardengansuhutubuhtidakhipotermisebanyak 20 bayi (87%) Suhu tubuh bayi baru lahir yang tidak berhasil melakukan IMD sebagianbesardengansuhutubuhhipotermisebanyak 8 bayi (66,7%). Dari hasil uji statistik diperoleh hasil nilai p = 0,005 < α = 0.05 maka H1 diterima, artinya ada Perbedaan suhu tubuh bayi baru lahir yang berhasil melakukan IMD dan yang tidak berhasil melakukan IMD Kesimpulan :Terdapat perbedaan suhu tubuh bayi baru lahir antara bayi yang berhasil melakukan IMD dan bayi yang tidak berhasil melakukan IMD.   Kata kunci : Inisiasi Menyusu Dini, Suhu Tubuh Bayi Baru Lahir                                                                                               THE DIFFERENCE BODY TEMPERATURE BETWEEN BABIES WHO SUCCESSFULLY INITIATE BREASTFEEDING EARLY AND BABIESWHO FAIL TO INITIATE EARLY BREASTFEEDING AT RSIA KIRANA SIDOARJO 2019  Background : The warmth of the mother’s chest can warm the baby, so that when the baby is in the mother’s breast immediately after birth or initiated early breastfeeding can reduce the mortality rate of newborns due to hypotermia.Purpose :the purpose of this study was to determine the difference in body temperature of newborns between infants who successfully initiated early breastfeeding and infants who did not succeed in initiating early breastfeedingMethods : analytical, cross sectional design, population 40 newborns, samples 35 newborns, Non Random Sampling techniques, the data accumulation using observation sheets and using chi-square test, with significant value α = 0.05 is when the statistical test results show p ≤ α then Ho is rejected.Result : The body temperature of the newborn who succeeded in initiating early breastfeeding was 36.78ºC with 23 (65.7%) of infants none having hypothermia, the newborn baby's body temperature that did not succeed in doing this early breastfeeding was 35.78ºC With 8 infants experiencing hypothermia, while 4 babies with normal temperature. From the results of statistical tests obtained results with the value p = 0,000 <α = 0.05 then H1 accepted, meaning there is a difference in body temperature of a newborn who successfully initiated early breastfeeding and who did not succeed in Early Breastfeeding Initiation. Conclusion : There is a difference in the body temperature of a newborn between infants who successfully initiated breastfeeding and infants who are not successful in initiating early breastfeeding....Keywords : Early breastfeedinginitiation, newborns temperature

Catecholamine elevation in iron deficiency

1979 ◽  
Vol 237 (5) ◽  
pp. R297-R300 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Dillmann ◽  
D. G. Johnson ◽  
J. Martin ◽  
B. Mackler ◽  
C. Finch
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Urinary Catecholamines ◽  
Threefold Increase ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Catecholamine Response ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Maintain Body Temperature

Iron-deficient rats have increased blood and urinary catecholamines regardless of whether anemia is or is not present. The catecholamine response in both iron-deficient and control animals is largely temperature dependent, showing little difference at the isothermic temperature of 30 degrees C but a two- to threefold increase in iron-deficient animals over controls at lower temperatures. The iron-deficient rat is unable to maintain body temperature at 4 degrees C and this is independent of anemia or of food intake. When animals are run on the treadmill for 4 h, body temperatures increase but the difference observed at 4 degrees C between iron-deficient and control animals persists. The underlying abnormality in temperature regulation and in catecholamine response disappeared after 6 days of iron therapy.

scholarly journals Seasonal migrations, body temperature fluctuations, and infection dynamics in adult amphibians

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4698 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Daversa ◽  
Camino Monsalve-Carcaño ◽  
Luis M. Carrascal ◽  
Jaime Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
The Body ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Annual Cycles ◽  
Prediction And Prevention

Risks of parasitism vary over time, with infection prevalence often fluctuating with seasonal changes in the annual cycle. Identifying the biological mechanisms underlying seasonality in infection can enable better prediction and prevention of future infection peaks. Obtaining longitudinal data on individual infections and traits across seasons throughout the annual cycle is perhaps the most effective means of achieving this aim, yet few studies have obtained such information for wildlife. Here, we tracked spiny common toads (Bufo spinosus) within and across annual cycles to assess seasonal variation in movement, body temperatures and infection from the fungal parasite, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Across annual cycles, toads did not consistently sustain infections but instead gained and lost infections from year to year. Radio-tracking showed that infected toads lose infections during post-breeding migrations, and no toads contracted infection following migration, which may be one explanation for the inter-annual variability in Bd infections. We also found pronounced seasonal variation in toad body temperatures. Body temperatures approached 0 °C during winter hibernation but remained largely within the thermal tolerance range of Bd. These findings provide direct documentation of migratory recovery (i.e., loss of infection during migration) and escape in a wild population. The body temperature reductions that we observed during hibernation warrant further consideration into the role that this period plays in seasonal Bd dynamics.

Relation of body temperature and restraint to altitude tolerance in the rat

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-788
Author(s):  
R. G. Bartlett ◽  
P. D. Altland
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Altitude Exposure ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Rapid Ascent ◽  
Altitude Tolerance ◽  
Oxygen Requirements

A comparison of the altitude tolerance of restrained and nonrestrained adult male (225–300 gm) and adult female (150–225 gm) Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to an altitude of 33,500 ft. at various rates of ascent with various prealtitude exposure treatments was made. Animals restrained immediately before altitude exposure with rapid ascent (2000 ft/min) to altitude die significantly sooner than do nonrestrained control animals. Slow stepwise ascent to altitude (2 ½ –4 hr. to reach terminal altitude) increased the altitude tolerance of both the restrained and nonrestrained animals but much more for the restrained animals. When body temperatures were dropped to 25℃ before altitude exposure there were no deaths (up to 6 hr.) in either the restrained or nonrestrained animals. A lesser body temperature fall provided less protection. It appears that restraint may affect altitude tolerance in the rat by hastening the body temperature fall ordinarily associated with altitude exposure and by increasing the oxygen requirements as a result of the struggling to escape restraint. Since the former increases altitude tolerance and the latter reduces it, restraint may significantly increase or significantly decrease altitude tolerance, depending on the experimental procedure. Submitted on March 4, 1959

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