scholarly journals Prenatal Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Exposure and Pregnancy Outcomes—Analysis of Term Pregnancies in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5820
Author(s):  
Cezary Wojtyla ◽  
Karolina Zielinska ◽  
Paulina Wojtyla-Buciora ◽  
Grzegorz Panek
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Outcomes Analysis ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Pm2.5 Exposure

Air pollution is currently one of the greatest threats to global health. Polish cities are among the most heavily polluted in Europe. Due to air pollution 43,100 people die prematurely in Poland every year. However, these data do not take into account the health consequences of air pollution for unborn children. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the fine particulate matter air pollution (less than 2.5 μm in diameter) on pregnancy outcomes. An analysis of pregnant women and their children was made using a questionnaire survey from a nationwide study conducted in 2017. Questionnaires from 1095 pregnant women and data from their medical records were collected. An analysis of air pollution in Poland was conducted using the air quality database maintained by the Chief Inspectorate for Environmental Protection in Poland. A higher concentration of PM2.5 was associated with a decrease in birth weight and a higher risk of low birthweight (i.e., <2500 g). We also observed lower APGAR scores. Thus, all possible efforts to reduce air pollution are critically needed.

scholarly journals The Combined Effects of Fine Particulate Matter and Temperature on Preterm Birth in Seoul, 2010–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1463
Author(s):  
Youngrin Kwag ◽  
Min-ho Kim ◽  
Shinhee Ye ◽  
Jongmin Oh ◽  
Gyeyoon Yim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pm2.5 Exposure ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

Background: Preterm birth contributes to the morbidity and mortality of newborns and infants. Recent studies have shown that maternal exposure to particulate matter and extreme temperatures results in immune dysfunction, which can induce preterm birth. This study aimed to evaluate the association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure, temperature, and preterm birth in Seoul, Republic of Korea. Methods: We used 2010–2016 birth data from Seoul, obtained from the Korea National Statistical Office Microdata. PM2.5 concentration data from Seoul were generated through the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Seoul temperature data were collected from the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). The exposure period of PM2.5 and temperature were divided into the first (TR1), second (TR2), and third (TR3) trimesters of pregnancy. The mean PM2.5 concentration was used in units of ×10 µg/m3 and the mean temperature was divided into four categories based on quartiles. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between PM2.5 exposure and preterm birth, as well as the combined effects of PM2.5 exposure and temperature on preterm birth. Result: In a model that includes three trimesters of PM2.5 and temperature data as exposures, which assumes an interaction between PM2.5 and temperature in each trimester, the risk of preterm birth was positively associated with TR1 PM2.5 exposure among pregnant women exposed to relatively low mean temperatures (<3.4 °C) during TR1 (OR 1.134, 95% CI 1.061–1.213, p < 0.001). Conclusions: When we assumed the interaction between PM2.5 exposure and temperature exposure, PM2.5 exposure during TR1 increased the risk of preterm birth among pregnant women exposed to low temperatures during TR1. Pregnant women should be aware of the risk associated with combined exposure to particulate matter and low temperatures during TR1 to prevent preterm birth.

scholarly journals A city-level analysis of air pollution, climate and COVID-19 early spread during the Spanish lockdown

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Briz-Redon ◽  
Carolina Belenguer-Sapina ◽  
Angel Serrano-Aroca
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Epidemic Curve ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
The World ◽  
Pm2.5 Exposure ◽  
Level Analysis ◽  
Good Agreement

The COVID-19 outbreak has escalated into the worse pandemic of the present century. The fast spread of the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has caused devastating health and economic crises all over the world, with Spain being one of the worst affected countries in terms of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths per inhabitant. In this situation, the Spanish Government declared the lockdown of the country. The variations of air pollution in terms of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) levels in seven cities of Spain are analyzed here considering the effect of meteorology during the national lockdown. The possible associations of PM2.5 pollution and climate with COVID-19 accumulated cases were also analyzed. While the epidemic curve was flattened, the results of the analysis show that the 4-week Spanish lockdown significantly reduced the PM2.5 levels in only one of the cities despite the drastically reduced human activity in good agreement with our previous study of changes in air quality in terms of CO, SO2, PM10, O3 and NO2 levels. Furthermore, no associations between either PM2.5 exposure or environmental conditions and COVID-19 transmission were found during the early spread of the pandemic.

scholarly journals Astaxanthin Suppresses PM2.5-Induced Neuroinflammation by Regulating Akt Phosphorylation in BV-2 Microglial Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryeong-Eun Kim ◽  
Chan Young Shin ◽  
Seol-Heui Han ◽  
Kyoung Ja Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Microglial Cells ◽  
Akt Phosphorylation ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Pm2.5 Exposure ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Brain

Air pollution has become one of the most serious issues for human health and has been shown to be particularly concerning for neural and cognitive health. Recent studies suggest that fine particulate matter of less than 2.5 (PM2.5), common in air pollution, can reach the brain, potentially resulting in the development and acceleration of various neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and other forms of dementia, but the underlying pathological mechanisms are not clear. Astaxanthin is a red-colored phytonutrient carotenoid that has been known for anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. In this study, we demonstrated that exposure to PM2.5 increases the neuroinflammation, the expression of proinflammatory M1, and disease-associated microglia (DAM) signature markers in microglial cells, and that treatment with astaxanthin can prevent the neurotoxic effects of this exposure through anti-inflammatory properties. Diesel particulate matter (Sigma-Aldrich) was used as a fine particulate matter 2.5 in the present study. Cultured rat glial cells and BV-2 microglial cells were treated with various concentrations of PM2.5, and then the expression of various inflammatory mediators and signaling pathways were measured using qRT-PCR and Western blot. Astaxanthin was then added and assayed as above to evaluate its effects on microglial changes, inflammation, and toxicity induced by PM2.5. PM2.5 increased the production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species and upregulated the transcription of various proinflammatory markers including Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), Toll-like receptor 2/4 (TLR2/4), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in BV-2 microglial cells. However, the mRNA expression of IL-10 and arginase-1 decreased following PM2.5 treatment. PM2.5 treatment increased c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) phosphorylation and decreased Akt phosphorylation. Astaxanthin attenuated these PM2.5-induced responses, reducing transcription of the proinflammatory markers iNOS and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which prevented neuronal cell death. Our results indicate that PM2.5 exposure reformulates microglia via proinflammatory M1 and DAM phenotype, leading to neurotoxicity, and the fact that astaxanthin treatment can prevent neurotoxicity by inhibiting transition to the proinflammatory M1 and DAM phenotypes. These results demonstrate that PM2.5 exposure can induce brain damage through the change of proinflammatory M1 and DAM signatures in the microglial cells, as well as the fact that astaxanthin can have a potential beneficial effect on PM2.5 exposure of the brain.

scholarly journals Long‐Term Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution Is Associated With 30‐Day Readmissions and Hospital Visits Among Patients With Heart Failure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cavin K. Ward‐Caviness, ◽  
Mahdieh Danesh Yazdi, ◽  
Joshua Moyer, ◽  
Anne M. Weaver, ◽  
Wayne E. Cascio, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Total Hospital ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Hospital Visits ◽  
Pollution Exposure

Background Long‐term air pollution exposure is a significant risk factor for inpatient hospital admissions in the general population. However, we lack information on whether long‐term air pollution exposure is a risk factor for hospital readmissions, particularly in individuals with elevated readmission rates. Methods and Results We determined the number of readmissions and total hospital visits (outpatient visits+emergency room visits+inpatient admissions) for 20 920 individuals with heart failure. We used quasi‐Poisson regression models to associate annual average fine particulate matter at the date of heart failure diagnosis with the number of hospital visits and 30‐day readmissions. We used inverse probability weights to balance the distribution of confounders and adjust for the competing risk of death. Models were adjusted for age, race, sex, smoking status, urbanicity, year of diagnosis, short‐term fine particulate matter exposure, comorbid disease, and socioeconomic status. A 1‐µg/m 3 increase in fine particulate matter was associated with a 9.31% increase (95% CI, 7.85%–10.8%) in total hospital visits, a 4.35% increase (95% CI, 1.12%–7.68%) in inpatient admissions, and a 14.2% increase (95% CI, 8.41%–20.2%) in 30‐day readmissions. Associations were robust to different modeling approaches. Conclusions These results highlight the potential for air pollution to play a role in hospital use, particularly hospital visits and readmissions. Given the elevated frequency of hospitalizations and readmissions among patients with heart failure, these results also represent an important insight into modifiable environmental risk factors that may improve outcomes and reduce hospital use among patients with heart failure.

scholarly journals Visualization of Correlation for Air Pollution Time Series using TAQMN Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 7922-7927
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

In Taiwan country Annan, Chiayi, Giran, and Puzi cities are facing a serious fine particulate matter (PM2.5) issue. To date the impressive advance has been made toward understanding the PM2.5 issue, counting special temporal characterization, driving variables and well-being impacted. However, notable research as has been done on the interaction of the content between the selected cities of Taiwan country for particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration. In this paper, we purposed a visualization technique based on this principle of the visualization, cross-correlation method and also the time-series concentration with particulate matter (PM2.5) for different cities in Taiwan. The visualization also shows that the correlation between the different meteorological factors as well as the different air pollution pollutants for particular cities in Taiwan. This visualization approach helps to determine the concentration of the air pollution levels in different cities and also determine the Pearson correlation, r values of selected cities are Annan, Puzi, Giran, and Wugu.

MODELING ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION OF AN INDUSTRIAL CITY WITH FINE PARTICULATE MATTER

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-75
Author(s):  
S. V. Kakareka ◽  
◽  
S. V. Salivonchyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Fine Particulate

The paper deals with the quantification of fine particulate matter (PM10) dispersion in atmospheric air of an industrial city using the AERMOD model by an example of Zhlobin (the Gomel oblast, Belarus). Model input data and procedures for the emission inventory and obtaining spatially distributed estimates are described. Emissions and dispersion of PM10 from the main categories of sources are considered, including industrial facilities, road and off-road mobile sources, domestic sector, and agriculture. It is shown that the main contribution to high PM10 concentrations in atmospheric air is made by industrial enterprises, the domestic sector, and road transport. The spatial pattern of urban air pollution is described. The simulation results are compared with the results of PM10 measurements at the monitoring site, their satisfactory consistency is demonstrated.

Abstract 15149: Short-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution Preferentially Increases the Risk of ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Events

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent G Meredith ◽  
C A Pope ◽  
Joseph B Muhlestein ◽  
Jeffrey L Anderson ◽  
John B Cannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Significant Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
St Elevation Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
St Elevation

Introduction: Air pollution is associated with greater cardiovascular event risk, but which types of events and the specific at-risk individuals remain unknown. Hypothesis: Short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) is associated with greater risk of acute coronary syndromes (ACS), including ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and unstable angina (USA). Methods: ACS events treated at Intermountain Healthcare hospitals in Utah’s urban Wasatch Front region between September 10, 1993 and May 15, 2014 were included if the patient resided in that area (N=16,314). A time-stratified case-crossover design was performed matching the PM 2.5 exposure at the time of event with periods when the event did not occur (referent), for STEMI, NSTEMI, and USA. Patients served as their own controls. Odds ratios (OR) were determined for exposure threshold versus linear, non-threshold models. Results: In STEMI, NSTEMI, and USA patients, age averaged 62, 64, and 63 years; males constituted 73%, 66%, and 68%; current or past smoking was prevalent in 33%, 25%, and 26%; and significant coronary artery disease (CAD) (defined as ≥1 coronary with ≥70% stenosis) was found among 95%, 75%, and 74%, respectively. Short-term PM 2.5 exposure was associated with ACS events (Table). Conclusions: Short-term exposure of PM 2.5 was strongly associated with greater risk of STEMI, especially in patients with angiographic CAD. No association with NSTEMI was found, and only a weak effect for USA. This study supports a PM 2.5 exposure threshold of 25 μg/m 3 , below which little exposure effect is seen, while the effect is linear above that level.

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