FODMAP Intake in Spanish Population: Open Approach for Risk Assessment

Fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols’ (FODMAP) were related with intestinal complications. The present study aimed to determine the FODMAP consumption of Spanish children, adolescents and adults, analyzing the real FODMAP risk of foods, and to set an open methodology for the measurement of this intake in other regions as well as nutrient intake assurance. Total fructan analysis was performed analytically in eighty-seven food samples. Daily intake of FODMAPs, fiber and micronutrients was calculated by combining the food composition for selected fermentable carbohydrates with the national food consumption stratified by age in an open software. Spanish child and adolescent total FODMAP consumption was settled as 33.4 ± 92.4 and 27.3 ± 69.0 g/day, respectively. Both intakes were higher than that of the adult population (21.4 ± 56.7 g/day). The most important food sources of lactose, excess of fructose and total fructan, considering their content and dietary intake were different between age groups. The contribution of these foods to dietary calcium and fiber and the consequent risk of deficiency if they are withdrawn was highlighted. We demonstrated the relevance of stratifying the total FODMAP intake by age. An open approach for FODMAP intake quantification and nutrient control was provided.

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Estimation of Starch and Sugar Intake in a Japanese Population Based on a Newly Developed Food Composition Database

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10101474 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1474 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Aya Fujiwara ◽

Kentaro Murakami ◽

Keiko Asakura ◽

Ken Uechi ◽

Minami Sugimoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Age Groups ◽

Food Composition ◽

Total Sugar ◽

Food Sources ◽

Sugar Intake ◽

Dietary Record ◽

The Mean ◽

Age And Sex

Due to a lack of a food composition database on starch and sugars, we developed a comprehensive database on starch and seven types of sugars in commonly consumed foods (n = 2222) in Japan. Dietary record data of 368 toddlers (aged 18–35 months), 376 preschool children (aged 3–6 years), 915 schoolchildren (aged 8–14 years) and 392 adults (aged 20–69 years) were used. The mean starch intake ranged from 55.6 g/day (female toddlers) to 206.0 g/day (male schoolchildren). Irrespective of age and sex, >50% of starch was provided by rice and grains. The mean total sugar intake ranged from 46.1 g/day (female toddlers) to 68.7 g/day (male schoolchildren). In all age and sex groups, the major contributors of total sugar included sucrose (mean: 18.2–34.0 g/day), glucose (7.8–13.1 g/day), lactose (5.3–13.1 g/day) and fructose (7.6–11.1 g/day). The top food sources were dairy products (toddlers) and confectionaries (other age groups) for total sugar, confectionaries for sucrose, fruits (toddlers) and vegetables (other age groups) for glucose, dairy products for lactose and fruits (toddlers and preschool children) and vegetables (schoolchildren and adults) for fructose. In conclusion, this study clarified the starch and sugar intake in Japan and provides a foundation for future research.

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Dietary intake and food sources of added sugar in the Australian population

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114515005255 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 115 (5) ◽

pp. 868-877 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Linggang Lei ◽

Anna Rangan ◽

Victoria M. Flood ◽

Jimmy Chun Yu Louie

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Food Sources ◽

Food Groups ◽

Australian Population ◽

Added Sugar ◽

Australian Health ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

Adolescents And Adults ◽

Study Population ◽

Adults And Children

AbstractPrevious studies in Australian children/adolescents and adults examining added sugar (AS) intake were based on now out-of-date national surveys. We aimed to examine the AS and free sugar (FS) intakes and the main food sources of AS among Australians, using plausible dietary data collected by a multiple-pass, 24-h recall, from the 2011–12 Australian Health Survey respondents (n 8202). AS and FS intakes were estimated using a previously published method, and as defined by the WHO, respectively. Food groups contributing to the AS intake were described and compared by age group and sex by one-way ANOVA. Linear regression was used to test for trends across age groups. Usual intake of FS (as percentage energy (%EFS)) was computed using a published method and compared with the WHO cut-off of <10 %EFS. The mean AS intake of the participants was 60·3 (sd 52·6) g/d. Sugar-sweetened beverages accounted for the greatest proportion of the AS intake of the Australian population (21·4 (sd 30·1) %), followed by sugar and sweet spreads (16·3 (sd 24·5) %) and cakes, biscuits, pastries and batter-based products (15·7 (sd 24·4) %). More than half of the study population exceeded the WHO’s cut-off for FS, especially children and adolescents. Overall, 80–90 % of the daily AS intake came from high-sugar energy-dense and/or nutrient-poor foods. To conclude, the majority of Australian adults and children exceed the WHO recommendation for FS intake. Efforts to reduce AS intake should focus on energy-dense and/or nutrient-poor foods.

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Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessment of Aflatoxin M1 for Children Aged 1 to 9 Years Old in Serbia

10.20944/preprints202111.0014.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dragan R Milićević ◽

Jelena Milešević ◽

Mirjana Gurinovic ◽

Saša Janković ◽

Jasna Đinović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Dietary Exposure ◽

Food Samples ◽

Aflatoxin M1 ◽

Risk Characterization ◽

Detection Rates ◽

Risk Of Exposure ◽

Group 1

The present study was conducted to estimate the exposure and risk characterization of the children population of Serbia to Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) from milk and milk-based food. A total of 3404 samples comprising of milk and different milk-based food samples were collected from various regions of Serbia from 2017 to 2019. Evaluation of the AFM1 exposure was carried out using the deterministic method, whereas risk characterization was evaluated with the calculation of the Margin of Exposure (MOE) and the risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Detection rates for AFM1 in milk and milk-based food samples ranged between 2% and 79%, with the highest incidence (79%) and mean level (22.34  0,018 ng kg-1) of AFM1 was detected in pasteurized and UHT milk. According to the three consumption estimates, the values of EDI were higher for toddlers as compared with children. Children aged 1–3 years had the highest risk of exposure to AFM1 in milk, with an estimated daily intake of 0.164 and 0.193 ng kg-1 bw day-1 using a lower bound (LB) and the upper bound (UB) exposure scenarios, respectively. Such difference could result from the higher consumption versus weight. Based on the EDI found in this study, the risk of AFM1 due to consumption of milk and milk-based food was low since MOE values obtained were 10000. In addition, the risk of HCC cases/year/105 individuals of different age groups showed that the value of HCC using potency estimates of 0.0017 (mean) was maximum (0.00034) in the age group 1–3 years which indicates no health risk for the evaluated groups. The present study revealed the importance of controlling and preventing AFM1 contamination in milk through continuous monitoring and regular inspection to reduce the risk of AFM1 exposure, especially in children.

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Assessment of Food Sources and the Intake of the Colourless Carotenoids Phytoene and Phytofluene in Spain

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13124436 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 4436

Author(s):

Begoña Olmedilla-Alonso ◽

Ana Benítez-González ◽

Rocío Estévez-Santiago ◽

Paula Mapelli-Brahm ◽

Carla M. Stinco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orange Juice ◽

Science Studies ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Food Samples ◽

Food Sources ◽

Food Science ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Processed Food ◽

Daily Intakes ◽

Orange Color

Phytoene (PT) and phytofluene (PTF), colorless carotenoids, have largely been ignored in food science studies, food technology, and nutrition. However, they are present in commonly consumed foods and may have health-promotion effects and possible uses as cosmetics. The goal of this study is to assess the most important food sources of PT and PTF and their dietary intakes in a representative sample of the adult Spanish population. A total of 62 food samples were analyzed (58 fruit and vegetables; seven items with different varieties/color) and carotenoid data of four foods (three fruits and one processed food) were compiled. PT concentration was higher than that of PTF in all the foods analyzed. The highest PT content was found in carrot, apricot, commercial tomato juice, and orange (7.3, 2.8, 2.0, and 1.1 mg/100 g, respectively). The highest PTF level was detected in carrots, commercial tomato sauce and canned tomato, apricot, and orange juice (1.7, 1.2, 1.0, 0.6, and 0.04 mg/100 g, respectively). The daily intakes of PT and PTF were 1.89 and 0.47 mg/person/day, respectively. The major contributors to the dietary intake of PT (98%) and PTF (73%) were: carrot, tomato, orange/orange juice, apricot, and watermelon. PT and PTF are mainly supplied by vegetables (81% and 69%, respectively). Considering the color of the edible part of the foods analyzed (fruit, vegetables, sauces, and beverages), the major contributor to the daily intake of PT and PTF (about 98%) were of red/orange color.

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Consumption of Ready-to-Eat Cereal in Canada and Its Contribution to Nutrient Intake and Nutrient Density among Canadians

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11051009 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1009 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hassan Vatanparast ◽

Naorin Islam ◽

Rashmi Prakash Patil ◽

Arash Shamloo ◽

Pardis Keshavarz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin B6 ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Age Groups ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Canadian Community Health Survey ◽

Milk Consumption ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nutrient Density ◽

Community Health Survey ◽

Nationally Representative

In recent years, ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) has become a common breakfast option in Canada and worldwide. This study used the nationally representative cross-sectional data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 2015-Nutrition to determine patterns of RTEC consumption in Canada and the contribution to nutrient intake among Canadians who were ≥2 years, of whom 22 ± 0.6% consumed RTEC on any given day. The prevalence of RTEC consumption was highest in children aged two to 12 years (37.6 ± 1.2%), followed by adolescents aged 13 to 18 years (28.8 ± 1.4%), and then by adults ≥19 years (18.9 ± 0.6%). RTEC consumers had higher intakes of “nutrients to encourage” compared to the RTEC non-consumers. More than 15% of the daily intake of some nutrients, such as folic acid, iron, thiamin, and vitamin B6, were contributed by RTEC. It was noted that nearly 66% of milk consumption was co-consumed with RTEC among RTEC consumers. The nutrient density of the diet, as defined by Nutrient-Rich Food Index (NRF 9.3), was significantly higher among RTEC consumers compared to non-consumers. RTEC consumption was not associated with overweight/obesity. RTEC consumption considerably contributed to the intake of some key nutrients among all age groups in Canada.

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Study of consumption frequency of the main sources of lycopene and its quantification in students’ diet

I P Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald ◽

10.23888/pavlovj2018264474-483 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 474-483

Author(s):

Ekaterina V. Kirpichenkova ◽

Alexey A. Korolev ◽

Gennadii G. Onishchenko ◽

Elena I. Nikitenko ◽

Elena L. Denisova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fast Food ◽

Age Groups ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Food Products ◽

Food Sources ◽

Frequency Method ◽

Insufficient Amount ◽

High Level ◽

Gender Groups ◽

Recommended Level

Aim. Comparative characteristics of the level of alimentary admission of lycopene and analysis of the frequency of inclusion of the main sources of lycopene in the diet of students of different age and sex. Materials and methods. To study the frequency of inclusion in the diet of food sources of lycopene and its quantitative assessment, specially designed questionnaires were used, in which products with a significant content of lycopene were included. Results. Comparative analysis of the levels of lycopene did not reveal significant differences between the percentages of men and women (φemp< φcr at P<0.05) in the groups with high level of intake. In all gender groups, the leading sources of lycopene are fresh tomatoes, ketchup and tomato-containing fast food products (pizza, lasagna, pasta and sandwiches). Evaluation of the results of the frequency method shows that more often than other sources in the weekly diet of students, regardless of gender, there are fresh tomatoes, ketchup and sandwiches. Analysis of the levels of lycopene intake in 1st and 5th year students did not reveal significant differences in all groups of consumption (φemp< φcr at P<0.05), except for the group with the intake of lycopene in the amount of 50.0-74.9% of the recommended, which is dominated by 5th year students. Sources of lycopene in students of different age groups do not differ - the main contribution to the recommended level is made by fresh tomatoes, ketchup and tomato-containing fast food products. Conclusions. In 39.8% of students, due to the presence in the diet of fresh tomatoes, ketchup and tomato-containing fast food products, the recommended daily intake of lycopene was achieved. At the same time, 29.6% of the respondents did not have registered sources of lycopene in their diet; and 16.7% of the respondents included them in the diet in an insufficient amount, thereby ensuring the intake of lycopene in the amount of less than half of the recommended level. Most often, the weekly diet included fresh tomatoes, ketchup and tomato sandwiches. Watermelon, pink and red grapefruit, persimmon in the diets of the most of participants were absent.

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Phylloquinone (vitamin K1) intakes and serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin levels in Irish postmenopausal women

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn20061736 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 95 (5) ◽

pp. 982-988 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Aoife Collins ◽

Kevin D. Cashman ◽

Máiréad Kiely

Keyword(s):

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Food Composition ◽

Primary Sources ◽

Food Sources ◽

Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Total Contribution ◽

Dietary History ◽

The Uk

Low phylloquinone (vitamin K1) intakes have been associated with low bone mineral density in older adults. Phylloquinone intakes and serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) levels were assessed in ninety-seven apparently healthy, free-living Irish women aged 50–75 years. Phylloquinone intakes were estimated using a detailed dietary history, which measured habitual food intakes from a typical 14 d period, and recently published food composition data for phylloquinone. Fasting serum ucOC was measured using an enzyme immunoassay. The median daily intake of phylloquinone in the group from all sources was 108·8 mg and from food sources only was 106·6 mg, indicating that approximately 99% of the phylloquinone came from food. Vegetables and vegetable dishes contributed 67% of the total phylloquinone intake, but further analysis showed that broccoli, cabbage and lettuce were the primary sources, making a total contribution of 44 %. Twenty per cent of the women had a phylloquinone intake below the UK recommendation of 1μg/kg body weight per day and 34% failed to meet the US Adequate Intake value of 90mg/day. Mean serum ucOC levels in the women were 6·2 (SD 1·7) ng/ml and were predicted by phylloquinone intake (β— 22·20, generated from log-transformed phylloquinone intake data; P=4 0·04). On the basis of comparisons with both UK recommendations and US A equate Intakes for phylloquinone, the habitual intakes of phylloquinone in a high proportion of Irish postmenopausal women may not be adequate.

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Detection of gluten in duplicate portions to determine gluten intake of coeliac disease patients on a gluten-free diet

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114520002974 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

H. J. van der Fels-Klerx ◽

N. G. E. Smits ◽

M. G. E. G. Bremer ◽

J. M. Schultink ◽

M. M. Nijkamp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coeliac Disease ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Food Samples ◽

Food Composition ◽

Gluten Free Diet ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Daily Food ◽

Gluten Analysis ◽

Two Samples ◽

Daily Intakes

Abstract This study determined the gluten content of foods and meals consumed by coeliac disease (CD) patients who adhere to a gluten-free diet, and to estimate the total daily intake of gluten of these patients. CD patients fulfilling defined inclusion criteria were preselected and approached for participation in the study. Duplicate portions (DP) of foods and mixed dishes were collected from the CD patients for evaluating complete daily food intake during two individual days. Also, for these days, written food records were completed by the participants. From each DP, a laboratory sample was prepared and analysed for its gluten concentration and total daily gluten intake was calculated. Each individual’s total daily intakes of energy and macronutrients were calculated using the Dutch food composition database. In total, twenty-seven CD patients participated, seven males and twenty females, aged between 21 and 64 years. In thirty-two (6 %) of 499 food samples collected in total, more than 3 mg/kg gluten was present. In four of these thirty-two samples, the gluten concentration was above the European legal limit of 20 mg/kg and three of the four samples had a gluten-free label. The maximal gluten intake was 3·3 mg gluten/d. The gluten tolerance for sensitive CD patients (>0·75 mg/d) was exceeded on at least six out of fifty-four study days. To also protect these sensitive CD patients, legal thresholds should be re-evaluated and the detection limit of analytical methods for gluten analysis lowered.

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Phylloquinone (vitamin K1) intakes and food sources in 18–64-year-old Irish adults

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn20041157 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 92 (1) ◽

pp. 151-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Paula Duggan ◽

Kevin D. Cashman ◽

Albert Flynn ◽

Caroline Bolton-Smith ◽

Máiréad Kiely

Keyword(s):

Vitamin K ◽

Bone Health ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Food Composition ◽

Food Sources ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Food Diary ◽

The North

AbstractDietary vitamin K1(phylloquinone) levels that are sufficient to maintain normal blood coagulation may be sub-optimal for bone, and habitual low dietary intakes of vitamin K may have an adverse effect on bone health. The objective of the present study was to measure the intake and adequacy of phylloquinone intake and the contribution of foods to phylloquinone intake in a nationally representative sample of Irish adults. The North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey database was used, which contains data collected using a 7 d food diary in a randomly selected sample of Irish adults aged 18–64 years (n1379; 662 men and 717 women). Phylloquinone intakes were estimated using recently compiled food composition data for phylloquinone. The mean daily intake of phylloquinone from food sources was 79 (sd 44) μg. Intakes were significantly higher (P>0·001) in men than in women at levels of 84 and 75quest;μgsol;d. The main contributors to phylloquinone intakes were vegetables (48%), particularly green vegetables (26%). Potatoes (including chipped and fried potatoes), dairy products and fat spreads contributed 10% each and meat contributed 8%. In men, social class and smoking status influenced phylloquinone intakes. Of the population, 52% had phylloquinone intakes below 1 μg/kg body weight and only 17% of men and 27% of women met the US adequate intakes of 120 and 90 μg/d, respectively. The present study shows that habitual phylloquinone intakes in Irish adults are low, which may have implications for bone health.

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Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessment of Aflatoxin M1 for Children Aged 1 to 9 Years Old in Serbia

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13124450 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 4450

Author(s):

Dragan R. Milićević ◽

Jelena Milešević ◽

Mirjana Gurinović ◽

Saša Janković ◽

Jasna Đinović-Stojanović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Continuous Monitoring ◽

Age Groups ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Dietary Exposure ◽

Food Samples ◽

Aflatoxin M1 ◽

Estimated Daily Intake ◽

Detection Rates ◽

Risk Of Exposure ◽

Group 1

The present study was conducted to estimate the exposure and characterize the risk for the child population of Serbia to Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) from milk and milk-based food. A total of 3404 samples comprising milk and different milk-based food samples were collected from various regions of Serbia from 2017 to 2019. Evaluation of AFM1 exposure was carried out using the deterministic method, whereas risk characterization was evaluated using the margin of exposure (MOE) and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Detection rates for AFM1 in milk and milk-based food samples ranged between 2% and 79%, with the highest incidence (79%) and mean level (22.34 ± 0.018 ng kg−1) of AFM1 being detected in pasteurized and UHT milk. According to the three consumption estimates, the values of estimated daily intake (EDI) were higher for toddlers as compared with children aged 3–9 years. Children aged 1–3 years had the highest risk of exposure to AFM1 in milk, with an estimated daily intake of 0.164 and 0.193 ng kg−1 bw day−1 using lower bound (LB) and upper bound (UB) exposure scenarios, respectively. Such difference could result from the higher consumption to weight in younger children. Based on the estimated daily intake (EDI) found in this study, the risk of AFM1 exposure due to consumption of milk and milk-based food was low since the MOE values obtained were > 10,000. In addition, the risk of HCC cases/year/105 individuals of different age groups showed that the value of HCC, using potency estimates of 0.0017 (mean), was maximum (0.00034) in the age group 1–3 years, which indicates no health risk for the evaluated groups. The present study revealed the importance of controlling and preventing AFM1 contamination in milk through continuous monitoring and regular inspection to reduce the risk of AFM1 exposure, especially in children.

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