scholarly journals Are Barriers the Same Whether I Want to Start or Maintain Exercise? A Narrative Review on Healthy Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6247
Author(s):  
Nathalie André ◽  
Nounagnon Frutueux Agbangla
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Stages Of Change ◽  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Exercise Behavior ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Exercise Behaviors ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Two Stages

To help older adults begin or adhere to regular physical exercise, several studies have endeavored to identify barriers to active behavior. However, there is a lack of information about barriers for active older people. In addition, most of the reviews of the literature compare only active people to inactive or sedentary people without examining in detail the barriers with respect to the degree of commitment to behavioral change. Finally, there is no consistency in the results of studies investigating the effects of barriers on the relationship between stages of change and exercise behavior. The first aim of this narrative review is to compare barriers that affect exercise stages of change from those that affect levels of exercise behavior in a healthy older population and the factors that can lead to relapse or dropout; the second aim is to identify the extent to which barriers hinder the relationships between stages of change and exercise behaviors. The results showed that barriers are well identified in sedentary people and in the first two stages of change (pre-contemplation and contemplation) compared to active seniors and other stages of change (preparation, action and maintenance). Consistency between the formulations of the different stages in comparison with the transtheoretical model and the definition of barriers and the limitations of measuring physical activity in the different studies are discussed. Finally, novel perspectives of research are proposed to address the flaws in the reviewed studies.

Exercise Behavior in Older Adults: A Test of the Transtheoretical Model

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corjena Cheung ◽  
Jean Wyman ◽  
Cynthia Gross ◽  
Jennifer Peters ◽  
Mary Findorff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Decisional Balance ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Exercise Behavior ◽  
Processes Of Change ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Walking Program ◽  
Pros And Cons

The transtheoretical model (TTM) was developed as a guide for understanding behavior change. Little attention has been given, however, to the appropriateness of the TTM for explaining the adoption of exercise behavior in older adults. The purposes of this study were to determine the reliability of the TTM instruments and validate TTM predictions in 86 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 75.1 ± 7.0 years, 87% women) who were participants in a 16-week walking program. TTM construct scales—self-efficacy, decisional balance (pros and cons), and processes of change (behavioral and cognitive)—were generally reliable (all α > .78). Behavioral processes of change increased from baseline to follow-up, but pros, cons, and cognitive processes did not change among participants who became regular exercisers. Stage of change did not predict exercise adoption, but baseline self-efficacy predicted walking behavior. These results lend partial support to the TTM in predicting exercise behavior.

scholarly journals Polypharmacy in older adults: a narrative review of definitions, epidemiology and consequences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Pazan ◽  
Martin Wehling
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Community Dwelling Older People ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Background The number of older adults has been constantly growing around the globe. Consequently, multimorbidity and related polypharmacy have become an increasing problem. In the absence of an accepted agreement on the definition of polypharmacy, data on its prevalence in various studies are not easily comparable. Besides, the evidence on the potential adverse clinical outcomes related to polypharmacy is limited though polypharmacy has been linked to numerous adverse clinical outcomes. This narrative review aims to find and summarize recent publications on definitions, epidemiology and clinical consequences of polypharmacy. Methods The MEDLINE database was used to identify recent publications on the definition, prevalence and clinical consequences of polypharmacy using their respective common terms and their variations. Systematic reviews and original studies published between 2015 and 2020 were included. Results One hundred and forty-three definitions of polypharmacy and associated terms were found. Most of them are numerical definitions. Its prevalence ranges from 4% among community-dwelling older people to over 96.5% in hospitalized patients. In addition, numerous adverse clinical outcomes were associated with polypharmacy. Conclusion The term polypharmacy is imprecise, and its definition is yet subject to an ongoing debate. The clinically oriented definitions of polypharmacy found in this review such as appropriate or necessary polypharmacy are more useful and relevant. Regardless of the definition, polypharmacy is highly prevalent in older adults, particularly in nursing home residents and hospitalized patients. Approaches to increase the appropriateness of polypharmacy can improve clinical outcomes in older adults.

scholarly journals Dietary protein requirements and recommendations for healthy older adults – A critical narrative review of the scientific evidence

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-48
Author(s):  
Yusuke Nishimura ◽  
Grith Højfeldt ◽  
Leigh Breen ◽  
Inge Tetens ◽  
Lars Holm
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Kinetic Measurements ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Methodological Approaches

Abstract Adequate protein intake is essential for the maintenance of whole-body protein mass. Different methodological approaches are used to substantiate the evidence for the current protein recommendation, and it is continuously debated whether older adults require more protein to counteract the age-dependent loss of muscle mass, sarcopenia. Thus, the purpose of this critical narrative review is to outline and discuss differences in the approaches and methodologies assessing the protein requirements and hence, resulting in controversies in current protein recommendations for healthy older adults. Through a literature search, this narrative review first summarizes the historical development of the FAO/WHO/UNU setting of protein requirements and recommendations for healthy older adults. Hereafter, we describe the various types of studies (epidemiological studies and protein turnover kinetic measurements) and applied methodological approaches founding the basis and the different recommendations with focus on healthy older adults. Finally, we discuss important factors to be considered in future studies to create evidence for international agreement on protein requirements and recommendations for healthy older adults. We conclude by proposing future directions to determine “true” protein requirement and recommendation for healthy older adults.

scholarly journals Transtheoretical Model for Physical Activity in Older Adults: Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Jiménez-Zazo ◽  
Cristina Romero-Blanco ◽  
Nuria Castro-Lemus ◽  
Alberto Dorado-Suárez ◽  
Susana Aznar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Stages Of Change ◽  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Decisional Balance ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behavioral Theories ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Healthy aging makes the practice of physical activity (PA) a necessity. However, PA guidelines achievement in older adults is scarce. The use of behavioral theories such as Transtheoretical Model (TTM), helps in older adults PA promotion. The aim of this review was to identify the use of TTM for PA in older adults (>60 years). PubMed, SPORTdiscus, and Medline databases were used to conduct the search. All steps of the process followed the recommendations of the PRISMA flow-diagram. We identified eight studies: Six were descriptive cross-sectional studies, one prospective-cohort study and one with a quasi-experimental design. Only two papers evaluated the four behavior change dimensions within the same study, three evaluated the processes of change and the decisional balance, four evaluated the exercise self-efficacy and all assessed the stages of change for PA behavior. From this review, we can conclude that TTM is a useful and suitable behavior model in creating, developing, and evaluating interventions with the aim of acquiring and improving PA habits in the older adults. However, there is paucity of research in this area, and more studies including the four behavioral change dimensions are needed to analyze the effect of TTM on the promotion of PA in the older adults.

scholarly journals Associations of Omega-3 fatty acids with brain morphology and volume in cognitively healthy older adults: A narrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 101300
Author(s):  
Tony Macaron ◽  
Kelly Virecoulon Giudici ◽  
Gene L. Bowman ◽  
Alan Sinclair ◽  
Elie Stephan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Healthy Older Adults

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Exercise Interventions for the Management of Frailty: A Systematic Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Theou ◽  
Liza Stathokostas ◽  
Kaitlyn P. Roland ◽  
Jennifer M. Jakobi ◽  
Christopher Patterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Exercise Programs ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Frail Older Adults ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Definition Of

This systematic review examines the effectiveness of current exercise interventions for the management of frailty. Eight electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials that identified their participants as “frail” either in the title, abstract, and/or text and included exercise as an independent component of the intervention. Three of the 47 included studies utilized a validated definition of frailty to categorize participants. Emerging evidence suggests that exercise has a positive impact on some physical determinants and on all functional ability outcomes reported in this systematic review. Exercise programs that optimize the health of frail older adults seem to be different from those recommended for healthy older adults. There was a paucity of evidence to characterize the most beneficial exercise program for this population. However, multicomponent training interventions, of long duration (≥5 months), performed three times per week, for 30–45 minutes per session, generally had superior outcomes than other exercise programs. In conclusion, structured exercise training seems to have a positive impact on frail older adults and may be used for the management of frailty.

The Chronic Illness Context and Change in Exercise Self-Care Among Older Adults: A Longitudinal Analysis

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Wister ◽  
Zan Romeder
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Stages Of Change ◽  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Activity Restriction ◽  
Hierarchical Logistic Regression ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Health Promotion Programs ◽  
Care Study

ABSTRACTThis study examines the stages of change in exercise as a form of coping with chronic illness, among a panel of older adults managing arthritis, cardiovascular disease, or hypertension. Hypotheses connected to socio-demographic, exercise-history, cognitive, and illness contexts are explored in order to advance applications of the Transtheoretical Model for exercise self-care. A random sample of 735 individuals aged 51 to 95, who completed interviews at time 1 (1995–96) and time 2 (1996–97), were drawn from the Vancouver North Shore Self Care Study. Bivariate and hierarchical logistic regression analyses were performed on the data. The descriptive analyses supported two patterns: first, older persons with a chronic illness exhibited a propensity either to remain in or move into the extreme exercise stages (pre-contemplation or maintenance) in a non-sequential manner; second, elements of the illness context were primary determinants of stage of exercise change. Illness type, illness duration, activity restriction, and co-morbidity exhibited associations with exercise-stage change in the multivariate analysis. The findings have a number of direct implications for tailoring health promotion programs targetting older adults, especially those who use exercise as a form of self-care.

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