scholarly journals Effective Doses of Ionizing Radiation during Therapeutic Peat Mud Treatment from a Deposit in the Knyszyn Forest (Northeastern Poland)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6819
Author(s):  
Jacek Kapala ◽  
Maria Karpinska ◽  
Stanislaw Mnich
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Gamma Spectrometry ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Northeastern Poland ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Mud Therapy ◽  
Radioactivity Measurements

Radioactivity measurements of 61 therapeutic peat mud samples from the Podsokoldy deposits, near Suprasl, were performed using gamma spectrometry. The authors identified the presence of 13 isotopes with the arithmetic mean of activity (in Bq kg−1): 137Cs-7, 40K-24, 208Tl-1, 212Bi-3, 212Pb-2, 228Ac-2, 210Pb-33, 214Bi-11, 214Pb-11, 226Ra-53, 234Th–47. The effective dose obtained during treatment with 15 peat mud baths (lasting 30 min) was 0.078 μSv. Use of peat mud compresses in the same number and period of exposure to the entire body surface caused absorption of a dose of 0.153 μSv. The authors discuss the probability of tissue radiation from isotopes present in the peat mud. In light of radiobiological knowledge, the therapeutic effect of ionizing radiation during peat mud therapy appears to be very unlikely.

MEASUREMENT OF THE ACTIVITY CONCENTRATIONS OF GAMMA EMITTING RADIONUCLIDES IN TOOTHPASTE SAMPLES AND ASSESSMENT OF THE CORRESPONDING ANNUAL EFFECTIVE DOSES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas M Ababneh ◽  
Qutad M Samarah
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Dose Assessment ◽  
Accidental Ingestion ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Effective Doses

Abstract It is inevitable that we are exposed to radiation daily from various sources and products that we consume on daily basis. The use of toothpaste for oral hygiene is one of the most common daily practices by humans and yet very little data are available regarding its radiation content. In this work, we investigated the concentrations of gamma emitting radionuclides in toothpaste samples consumed in Jordan. 40K and 226Ra were detected in almost one-third of the samples, whereas 228Ra was detected in nearly half of them. The corresponding activity concentrations in the detected samples were in the ranges of 68.7–154.2, 4.6–14.1 and 1.3–10.0 Bq/kg, respectively. Dose assessment of accidental ingestion of toothpaste for children and adults was made, and its contribution to the annual effective dose was found to be very minimal with maximum doses of ~2.9 and 1.3 μSv for children and adults, respectively.

Surface ultrastructure of juvenile and adult stages of Centrocestus armatus

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho-Choon Woo ◽  
Myung-Deuk Seo ◽  
Sung-Jong Hong
Keyword(s):  
Oral Sucker ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
High Density ◽  
The Body ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Posterior Half ◽  
Surface Ultrastructure

AbstractCentrocestus armatus (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) develops rapidly and produces eggs at 3 days postinfection in albino rats. Excysted metacercariae are pear-shaped and concave ventrally, with 42–44 peg-like circumoral spines. The entire body surface is densely covered with scale-like serrated spines. On juveniles, serration of the tegumental spines is greatest in the middle of the ventral and dorsal surfaces, and decreases anteriorly and posteriorly. Ciliated sensory papillae are concentrated around the oral sucker. Several nonciliated sensory papillae (type II papillae) occur equidistantly on the acetabulum and are arranged in a linear symmetry on the dorsal surface. On adults, the serration of the tegumental spines decreases to 14–17 tips on the ventrolateral surface. The high density of tegumental spines on posterior half of the body and the distribution of type II papillae on dorsal surface are considered to be characteristic of C. armatus.

Radiation exposure during the treatment of spinal deformities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jwalant S. Mehta ◽  
Kirsten Hodgson ◽  
Lu Yiping ◽  
James Swee Beng Kho ◽  
Ravindra Thimmaiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Spinal Deformity ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Intraoperative Fluoroscopy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Surgical Group

Aims To benchmark the radiation dose to patients during the course of treatment for a spinal deformity. Methods Our radiation dose database identified 25,745 exposures of 6,017 children (under 18 years of age) and adults treated for a spinal deformity between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2016. Patients were divided into surgical (974 patients) and non-surgical (5,043 patients) cohorts. We documented the number and doses of ionizing radiation imaging events (radiographs, CT scans, or intraoperative fluoroscopy) for each patient. All the doses for plain radiographs, CT scans, and intraoperative fluoroscopy were combined into a single effective dose by a medical physicist (milliSivert (mSv)). Results There were more ionizing radiation-based imaging events and higher radiation dose exposures in the surgical group than in the non-surgical group (p < 0.001). The difference in effective dose for children between the surgical and non-surgical groups was statistically significant, the surgical group being significantly higher (p < 0.001). This led to a higher estimated risk of cancer induction for the surgical group (1:222 surgical vs 1:1,418 non-surgical). However, the dose difference for adults was not statistically different between the surgical and non-surgical groups. In all cases the effective dose received by all cohorts was significantly higher than that from exposure to natural background radiation. Conclusion The treatment of spinal deformity is radiation-heavy. The dose exposure is several times higher when surgical treatment is undertaken. Clinicians should be aware of this and review their practices in order to reduce the radiation dose where possible.

Implementación de Sistema de Registro de Dosimetría Radiológica en pacientes del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
J. J. Tapia Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Computer System ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
National Cancer Institute ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Imaging Studies

Imaging studies with ionizing radiation are carried out at the Mexico’s National Cancer Institute, which may represent risks to the health of the patient, which is why there is a need to monitor the effective dose given to patients. This document describes the implementation of a computer system that allows extraction of patient and study data, calculation of effective dose and reference values that allow quality control of the amount of ionizing radiation used in imaging studies.

Relationship between an effective dose of imatinib, body surface area, and trough drug levels in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 642-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Kawaguchi ◽  
Akinobu Hamada ◽  
Chie Hirayama ◽  
Reiko Nakashima ◽  
Takeru Nambu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Drug Levels

scholarly journals Specific Activities of Natural Radionuclides and Annual Effective Dose Due to the Intake of Some Types of Children Powdered Milk Available in Baghdad Markets

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-624
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Powdered Milk ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Specific Activities

In this research the specific activity of natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were determined by sodium iodide enhanced by thallium NaI(TI) detector and assessed the annual effective dose in Dielac 1 and 2 and Nactalia 1 and 2 for children of less than 1 year which are available in Baghdad markets. The specific activity of 40K has the greater value in all the types which is in the range of allowed levels globally that suggested by UNSCEAR. The mean value of annual effective doses were 2.92, 4.005 and 1.6325 mSv/y for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K respectively.

The Reactions of Isolated Parts of Spirostomum

1946 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
A. M. CLARK
Keyword(s):  
Body Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Spiral Path ◽  
Chemical Stimuli ◽  
Differential Responses ◽  
Thermal Stimuli

1. Spirostomum shows differential responses to localized mechanical and chemical stimuli. 2. The entire body surface is sensitive to mechanical, chemical and thermal stimuli. 3. The spiral path followed during swimming is due to the co-ordinated activity of the body cilia. 4. Immediately after isolation, fragments do not behave like normal animals, but respond with reference to the position they occupied in the whole organism. 5. When morphological regulation is complete, the responses of the fragments are normal. 6. As revealed by the study of the responses of fragments, Spirostomum is not organized like a crystal, but seems to have a definite gradient pattern.

How much is the effective dose from medical imaging in pediatric patients in the neurosurgery department?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Zeinali-Rafsanjani ◽  
S. Haseli ◽  
R. Jalli ◽  
M. Saeedi-Moghadam
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Plain Radiographs ◽  
Brain Ct ◽  
Abdomen Ct

Medical imaging with ionizing radiation in pediatric patients is rising, and their radiation sensitivity is 2–3 times more than adults. The objective of this study was to estimate the total effective dose (ED) of all medical imaging by CT scan and plain radiography in patients in pediatric neurosurgery department. Patients with at least one brain CT scan and recorded dose length product (DLP) were included. Patients’ imaging data were collected from the picture-archiving-and-communicating system (PACS) using their national code to find all their medical imaging. Total ED (mSv) from CT scans and plain radiographs were calculated. A total of 300 patients were included, of which 129 were females and 171 males with a mean age of 5.45 ± 4.34 years. Mean DLPs of brain, abdomen, and chest CT were 329.16, 393.06, 284.46 mGy.cm. The most frequent CT scans in these children were brain CT scans with ED range of 0.09 to 47.09 mSv. Total ED due to all CT scans and plain radiographs were in the range of 0.38 to 63.41 mSv. Although the mean DLP of each brain, chest, and abdomen CT of patients was in the range of DRLs reported by previous studies, the patients with numerous CT scans received more radiation doses than mean ED (6.21 mSv between all age groups). The most frequent CT scan was the brain, and the most frequent plain radiographs were chest and lower extremities. It can be concluded that reducing the number of CT scans or plain radiographs by appropriate physical exams or replacing them with modalities that do not use ionizing radiation can reduce ED.

CONTEMPORARY COLLECTIVE EFFECTIVE DOSE TO THE POPULATION FROM X-RAY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE EXAMINATIONS—CHANGES OVER LAST 10 YEARS IN FINLAND

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-322
Author(s):  
Ritva Bly ◽  
Hannu Järvinen ◽  
Sampsa Kaijaluoto ◽  
Verneri Ruonala
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Plain Radiography ◽  
Conversion Factors ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Weighting Factors ◽  
Effective Doses

Abstract Contemporary collective effective doses to the population from x-ray and nuclear medicine examinations in Finland in 2018 was estimated. The estimated effective dose per caput from x-ray examinations increased from year 2008 to 2018 respectively from 0.45 mSv to 0.72 mSv and from nuclear medicine examinations from 0.03 mSv to 0.04 mSv. The proportional dose due to CT examinations of the total collective effective dose from all x-ray examinations increased from 58% in 2008 to 70% in 2018 and the dose did not change substantially in total when new conversion factors were applied. The collective effective dose from conventional plain radiography did not change substantially during the last ten years while the new (ICRP 103) tissue weighting factors were taken into use in 2018, however frequencies of examinations in total decreased. The collective effective dose from CT in nuclear medicine tripled between 2009 and 2018.

RESULTS OF CZECH NATIONAL STUDY OF RADIATION EXPOSURE FROM RADIOTHERAPY OF NON-MALIGNANT DISEASES, IN PARTICULAR OF HEEL SPURS

2019 ◽  
Vol 186 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 386-390
Author(s):  
V Dufek ◽  
H Zackova ◽  
L Kotik ◽  
I Horakova
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
National Study ◽  
Malignant Diseases ◽  
Organ Doses ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Effective Doses

Abstract About 26 000 patients are treated per year with radiotherapy for non-malignant diseases in the Czech Republic. Approximately 75% of them are treated on X-ray therapy units and most of these patients undergo radiotherapy of heel spurs. The evaluation of radiation exposure of these patients was based on measured organ doses and on data from clinical practice. Collective effective doses for particular diagnoses were calculated in order to compare doses resulting from different diagnoses treated on X-ray therapy units. The collective effective dose from radiotherapy of heel spurs in the Czech Republic in 2013 was evaluated to 77 manSv. It represents 25.6% of the total collective effective dose for all diagnoses of radiotherapy for non-malignant diseases treated on X-ray therapy units.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document