Tobacco Use and Parental Monitoring—Observations from Three Diverse Island Nations—Cook Islands, Curaçao, and East Timor

Tobacco use among adolescents is a global problem of public health importance. This study examined the profile of differences and similarities in adolescent tobacco use, and the role of parental monitoring activities among adolescents in three island nations of varying economic status: Cook Islands, Curaçao, and East Timor. Using nationally representative data we conducted regression modeling to determine the effect of four types of parental monitoring activities on tobacco use. Within a recall period of 30 days prior to being surveyed, 29.7% of students in East Timor, 21.6% in Cook Islands, and 13.1% in Curaçao reported having smoked cigarettes and/or used tobacco in other forms during 1 or more days during the preceding 30 days. Lower rates of parental monitoring as measured by four variables (parental understanding of problems and worries; knowing about how free time was being spent; going over things without approval; and checking to see if homework was done) were associated with higher percentages of adolescent tobacco use. Taken together the results underscore the need for increased parental involvement in programs which are designed to reduce tobacco use among adolescents.

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Adolescent suicide attempts in three diverse island nations: patterns, contextual differences and demographic associations

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-021-05804-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jinrong Fu ◽

Olumide Abiodun ◽

Michael Lowery Wilson ◽

Masood Ali Shaikh

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Suicide Ideation ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

East Timor ◽

Cook Islands ◽

Populations At Risk ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Suicide Planning

Abstract Objective Most epidemiological studies on suicidal behavior have been focused on high-income country settings. This study examine factors associated with suicidal behaviors among school-attending adolescents in three island nations. In this secondary analysis of the publicly available 2015 nationally representative GSHS data, we tested demographic, social, and behavioral attributes using multivariable logistic regression to association with suicide attempts. Results Within the recall period, 13.6% of participants reported having attempted suicide one or more times in the Cook Islands, 10.8% in Curaçao, and 9.8% in East Timor. In the Cook Islands, suicide ideation (AOR = 19.42, 95% CI = 9.11–41.41), anxiety (AOR = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.08–5.82), physical bullying (AOR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.10–9.91), and cigarette smoking (AOR = 3.82, 95% CI = 1.38–10.54) were associated with suicide attempts. For Curaçaoo, suicide ideation (AOR = 7.88, 95% CI = 5.20–11.95) and suicide planning (AOR = 7.01, 95% CI = 4.24–11.60) were statistically significant. While for East Timor, suicide ideation (AOR = 4.59, 95% CI = 2.14–9.88), suicide planning (AOR = 3.36, 95% CI = 1.76–6.29), bullying victimization (AOR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.02–7.12), and serious injuries (AOR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.31–3.74) were statistically significant. Suicide attempt is relatively common in each of the three island nations. The socioeconomic context of adolescents might play a significant role in moderating suicidal behavior. Therefore, prevention efforts should be grounded in view of geographic, demographic, and socioeconomic contexts of the populations at risk.

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The Role of the Family in Asian American Juvenile Delinquency

10.36650/nexus4.2_45-68_huynh-hohnbaum ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 45-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anh-Luu Huynh-Hohnbaum

Keyword(s):

Asian American ◽

Parental Monitoring ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Family Characteristics ◽

Culturally Appropriate ◽

Twelfth Graders ◽

National Longitudinal Study ◽

The Family ◽

Nationally Representative

Using the family delinquency theory as a framework, this study explores family characteristics as predictors for delinquent acts against property and persons by AAPI adolescents. The weighted survey data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health is a nationally representative sample of seventh to twelfth graders. Parental monitoring served as a protective factor for delinquent acts against property. Family structure was a predictive factor for delinquent acts against persons. Overall, the findings partially supported the family delinquency theory, underscoring the importance of developing culturally appropriate theories. Implications for the development of intervention and prevention programs are discussed.

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E-Cigarette Use, Systemic Inflammation, and Depression

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph181910402 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (19) ◽

pp. 10402

Author(s):

Kayla Rae Farrell ◽

Emma Karey ◽

Shu Xu ◽

Grace Gibbon ◽

Terry Gordon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Potential Role ◽

Economic Status ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cigarette Use ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Patient Health ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

The Relationship

Background: E-cigarette use (vaping) is an emerging public health problem. Depression has been found to be associated with e-cigarette use, and vaping and depression are each associated with elevated systemic inflammation. To date, the role of inflammation in the relationship between vaping and depression has not been explored. Objective: To assess the independent associations between e-cigarette use, depression, and inflammation, and to investigate whether the likelihood of depression among current e-cigarette users is associated with systemic inflammation. Methods: Nationally representative NHANES data from 2015–2018 were used (n = 4961). Systemic inflammation was defined as serum C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥ 8.0 mg/L. Depressed individuals were characterized by a score ≥ 10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Current e-cigarette users were defined as individuals who vaped at least once in the past 30 days and these individuals were stratified by use: exclusive users (reported smoking less than 100 combustible cigarettes in their lifetime), dual users (reported current use of electronic and combustible cigarettes), and e-cigarette users who were previous smokers. Bivariate analyses were used to assess independent associations between vaping, depression, and inflammation; and weighted logistic regression analyses adjusting for BMI, sex, and economic status were used to determine the odds ratios (ORs) for depression by e-cigarette category stratified by differential CRP levels. Results: Depression occurred in 16.7% of all e-cigarette users vs. 5.0% of those who never used e-cigarettes (p < 0.001). In adjusted analyses, the following elevated ORs were found: all current e-cigarette users with CRP <8 = 3.37 (95% CI: 2.06, 5.51) vs. CRP ≥8 = 6.70 (2.48, 18.11); exclusive e-cigarette users with CRP <8 = 1.91 (0.78, 4.69) vs. those with CRP ≥8 = 5.09 (1.44, 18.02); and dual users with CRP <8 = 4.31 (2.35, 7.89) vs. those with CRP ≥8 = 7.37 (1.85, 29.41). These ORs indicate that depression is associated with each category of e-cigarette use; however, we found this association did not vary by systemic inflammation level (interaction p-values > 0.05). Conclusion: While a pattern of greater ORs for depression among e-cigarette users with elevated CRP provides provocative findings that might suggest a potential role of inflammation in the association between vaping and depression, we failed to find evidence that inflammation clearly moderates this association. While it is possible that depression among e-cigarette users may be influenced by systemic inflammation, a reproduction of the current study is necessary among a larger cohort to elucidate the effect of inflammation on depression among e-cigarette users.

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REPRODUCTIVE BURDEN AND ITS IMPACT ON FEMALE LABOUR MARKET OUTCOMES IN INDIA: EVIDENCE FROM LONGITUDINAL ANALYSES

10.31235/osf.io/nhjvm ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chhavi Tiwari ◽

Srinivas Goli ◽

Anu Rammohan

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Economic Status ◽

Dropping Out ◽

Regional Heterogeneity ◽

Market Outcomes ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Poor Women ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

The Impact

We use nationally representative data from two waves of the Indian Human Development Surveyto provide causal evidence on the role of inter-temporal changes in fertility behaviour ininfluencing female labor market outcomes. Our multivariate regression estimates show that anincrease in the number of children reduces labor force participation and earnings. We furtherinvestigated the impact of fertility changes on transitions from the labor market. The results showthat women who had more than three children in both rounds of the survey had a 3.5 percentagepoints higher probability of exiting from the labor market. Disaggregated analyses by caste,economic status and region show regional heterogeneity, and the probability of dropping-out ofthe labor market due to fertility changes is greater for non-poor women and those from sociallydisadvantaged castes.

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The role of sexual identity in tobacco information–seeking behaviours and perceptions

Health Education Journal ◽

10.1177/0017896918801391 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 78 (2) ◽

pp. 203-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christopher W Wheldon ◽

Leah Hoffman ◽

Erin Keely O’Brien ◽

Janine Delahanty ◽

Xiaoquan Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Information ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Sexual Minority ◽

Information Seeking ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Information Campaigns ◽

The Us ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

National Trends

Objective: To explore differences in tobacco information–seeking behaviours and perceptions between sexual minority and heterosexual (or ‘straight’) adults and to determine if these differences are mediated by tobacco use. Design: Cross-sectional national survey. Setting: Nationally representative probability-based surveys of adults 18 years of age or older in the US civilian non-institutionalised population. Methods: Data from respondents identifying as gay, lesbian, bisexual (LGB; n = 156) or straight ( n = 4,964) in the US National Cancer Institute’s Health Information National Trends Survey Food and Drug Administration cycles 1 and 2 (HINTS-FDA 2015, 2017) were analysed. We compared the responses of sexual minority and straight respondents aged 18 years and older concerning tobacco information-seeking behaviours and perceptions. Results: Sexual minority respondents were more likely than their straight counterparts to seek out tobacco health information, to look for information about e-cigarettes and to use the Internet for health information searches. Some of these differences were mediated by tobacco use. Sexual minority respondents were similar to their straight counterparts regarding perceptions of trust and confidence in tobacco health information, as well as perceptions of the hazards of tobacco use. Conclusion: Because sexual minority adults have higher rates of tobacco use and higher rates of tobacco information seeking than others, tobacco health information campaigns should consider carefully tailoring the messages directed towards sexual minority populations.

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