scholarly journals E-Cigarette Use, Systemic Inflammation, and Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10402
Author(s):  
Kayla Rae Farrell ◽  
Emma Karey ◽  
Shu Xu ◽  
Grace Gibbon ◽  
Terry Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Relationship

Background: E-cigarette use (vaping) is an emerging public health problem. Depression has been found to be associated with e-cigarette use, and vaping and depression are each associated with elevated systemic inflammation. To date, the role of inflammation in the relationship between vaping and depression has not been explored. Objective: To assess the independent associations between e-cigarette use, depression, and inflammation, and to investigate whether the likelihood of depression among current e-cigarette users is associated with systemic inflammation. Methods: Nationally representative NHANES data from 2015–2018 were used (n = 4961). Systemic inflammation was defined as serum C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥ 8.0 mg/L. Depressed individuals were characterized by a score ≥ 10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Current e-cigarette users were defined as individuals who vaped at least once in the past 30 days and these individuals were stratified by use: exclusive users (reported smoking less than 100 combustible cigarettes in their lifetime), dual users (reported current use of electronic and combustible cigarettes), and e-cigarette users who were previous smokers. Bivariate analyses were used to assess independent associations between vaping, depression, and inflammation; and weighted logistic regression analyses adjusting for BMI, sex, and economic status were used to determine the odds ratios (ORs) for depression by e-cigarette category stratified by differential CRP levels. Results: Depression occurred in 16.7% of all e-cigarette users vs. 5.0% of those who never used e-cigarettes (p < 0.001). In adjusted analyses, the following elevated ORs were found: all current e-cigarette users with CRP <8 = 3.37 (95% CI: 2.06, 5.51) vs. CRP ≥8 = 6.70 (2.48, 18.11); exclusive e-cigarette users with CRP <8 = 1.91 (0.78, 4.69) vs. those with CRP ≥8 = 5.09 (1.44, 18.02); and dual users with CRP <8 = 4.31 (2.35, 7.89) vs. those with CRP ≥8 = 7.37 (1.85, 29.41). These ORs indicate that depression is associated with each category of e-cigarette use; however, we found this association did not vary by systemic inflammation level (interaction p-values > 0.05). Conclusion: While a pattern of greater ORs for depression among e-cigarette users with elevated CRP provides provocative findings that might suggest a potential role of inflammation in the association between vaping and depression, we failed to find evidence that inflammation clearly moderates this association. While it is possible that depression among e-cigarette users may be influenced by systemic inflammation, a reproduction of the current study is necessary among a larger cohort to elucidate the effect of inflammation on depression among e-cigarette users.

scholarly journals SERUM NESFATIN-1 AS A MARKER OF SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Z. Kvlividze ◽  
B. V. Zavodovsky ◽  
Yu. R. Akhverdyan ◽  
Yu. V. Polyakova ◽  
L. E. Sivordova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of nesfatin-1 (NF-1) in the blood serum of healthy volunteers and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to establish the threshold for normal values of this parameter and to reveal the relationship between the level of NF-1 and clinical manifestations of RA. We examined 170 people, of which 110 patients with RA and 60 donors who made up the comparison group. The mean level of serum nesfatin-1 in healthy subjects was 31.61 ± 3.17 ng/ml (M ± σ). The level of normal values of nesfatin-1 in healthy individuals, defined as M ± 2σ, was from 25.27 to 37.95 ng/ml. These studies showed the relationship between the concentration of NF-1 and the severity of clinical manifestations of RA. We found that a higher serum level of NF-1 was characteristic of patients with a more severe clinical course of the disease. The data obtained indicate that high level of NF-1 positively correlates with higher concentrations of C-reactive protein and ESR. This data indirectly proves the pro-inflammatory effect of NF-1 and confirms the hypothesis about the primary role of systemic inflammation in the pathogenesis of RA.

scholarly journals Association between Frequency of Toothbrushing and Metabolic Syndrome among Adolescents: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 508
Author(s):  
Jagan Kumar Baskaradoss ◽  
Mary Tavares ◽  
Fahd Al-Mulla ◽  
Ebaa Al-Ozairi ◽  
Mohamed Abu-Farha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
The Relationship

This study longitudinally examines the relationship between the frequency of toothbrushing and the development of selected components of metabolic syndrome (MetS), along with the potential role of salivary biomarkers in this relationship. In 2014, 6317 12-year-old children underwent health examinations (T1), of which, 348 children participated in the second stage of data collection in 2019 (T2). The association between the change in the metabolic status during the 5-year follow-up examination (between T1 and T2) and frequency of toothbrushing was assessed using multinomial logistic regression analyses. At T2, healthy adolescents had significantly higher odds of toothbrushing twice or more daily compared with adolescents with components of MetS (OR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.15–3.45). Adolescents who were healthy at T1 but developed components of MetS at T2, had significantly higher frequencies of dining-out compared with adolescents with components of MetS at both T1 and T2 (OR = 0.09, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.49). Adolescents who were ‘healthy’ at both T1 and T2 had significantly (p < 0.05) lower levels of C-reactive protein (T2), insulin (T1 and T2), interleukin-6 (T1) and adiponectin (T1) compared with adolescents who had components of MetS. Toothbrushing and frequency of dining-out were associated with the presence of MetS components.

Cardiac interoception in neurological conditions and its relevance for dimensional approaches

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Yoris ◽  
Adolfo M. García ◽  
Paula Celeste Salamone ◽  
Lucas Sedeño ◽  
Indira García-Cordero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
General Source ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Conditions

Dimensional and transdiagnostic approaches have revealed multiple cognitive/emotional alterations shared by several neuropsychiatric conditions. While this has been shown for externally triggered neurocognitive processes, the disruption of interoception across neurological disorders remains poorly understood. This chapter aims to fill this gap while proposing cardiac interoception as a potential common biomarker across disorders. It focuses on key aspects of interoception, such as the mechanisms underlying different interoceptive dimensions; the relationship among interoception, emotion, and social cognition; and the roles of different interoceptive pathways. It considers behavioral and brain evidence in the context of an experimental and clinical agenda to evaluate the potential role of interoception as a predictor of clinical outcomes, a marker of neurocognitive deficits across diseases, and a general source of insights for breakthroughs in the treatment and prevention of multiple disorders. Finally, future directions to improve the dimensional and transdiagnostic assessment of interoception are outlined.

Changing the Composition of Beginning Teachers: The Role of State Alternative Certification Policies

2021 ◽  
pp. 089590482110156
Author(s):  
Christopher Redding
Keyword(s):  
Beginning Teachers ◽  
Alternative Certification ◽  
New Teachers ◽  
State Level ◽  
Schools And Staffing Survey ◽  
Selective Colleges ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Alternate Routes ◽  
The Relationship

Drawing on nationally representative data from six cohorts of beginning teachers from the Schools and Staffing Survey and the National Teacher and Principal Survey, this study applies a difference-in-differences research design to examine the relationship between changes to state-level alternative certification policies and the characteristics of new teachers. The introduction of alternate routes into teaching is associated with an increase in the fraction of new teachers of color in a state and the new teachers who graduated from selective colleges. No evidence was found of a relationship with the relative share of male teachers or teachers of in-demand subjects.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Short-Term Prognosis of Venous Thromboembolism: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2627
Author(s):  
Francisco Galeano-Valle ◽  
Lucía Ordieres-Ortega ◽  
Crhistian Mario Oblitas ◽  
Jorge del-Toro-Cervera ◽  
Luis Alvarez-Sala-Walther ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Hemodynamic Instability ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Right Ventricle Dysfunction ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Cancer Associated Thrombosis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Acute Pe

The relationship between inflammation and venous thrombosis is not well understood. An inflammatory response may be both the cause and consequence of venous thromboembolism (VTE). In fact, several risk factors of VTE modulate thrombosis through inflammatory markers. Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is burdened by a remarkable mortality rate, up to 34% in severely ill patients presenting with hemodynamic instability. Initial mortality risk stratification is based on hemodynamic instability. Patients with a situation of hemodynamic stability require immediate further risk assessment based on clinical, imaging, and circulating biomarkers, as well as the presence of comorbidities. Some inflammatory biomarkers have shown potential usefulness in the risk stratification of patients with VTE, especially acute PE. C-reactive protein on admission is associated with 30-day mortality and bleeding in VTE patients. P-selectin is associated with right ventricle dysfunction in PE patients and might be associated with VTE recurrences and the extension of thrombosis. Tissue factor microparticles are associated with VTE recurrence in cancer-associated thrombosis. Other inflammatory biomarkers present scarce evidence (inflammatory cytokines, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, fibrinogen, leukocyte count). In this manuscript, we will review the prognostic role of different inflammatory biomarkers available both for clinical practice and research in VTE patients.

scholarly journals The role of systemic inflammation in heart failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-517
Author(s):  
E V Khazova ◽  
O V Bulashova
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Highly Sensitive

The discussion continues about the role of systemic inflammation in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases of ischemic etiology. This article reviews the information on the role of C-reactive protein in patients with atherosclerosis and heart failure in risk stratification for adverse cardiovascular events, including assessment of factors affecting the basal level of highly sensitive C-reactive protein. Research data (MRFIT, MONICA) have demonstrated a relationship between an increased level of C-reactive protein and the development of coronary heart disease. An increase in the serum level of highly sensitive C-reactive protein is observed in arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance, which indicates the involvement of systemic inflammation in these disorders. Currently, the assessment of highly sensitive C-reactive protein is used to determine the risk of developing myocardial infarction and stroke. It has been proven that heart failure patients have a high level of highly sensitive C-reactive protein compared with patients without heart failure. The level of C-reactive protein is referred to as modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases of ischemic origin, since lifestyle changes or taking drugs such as statins, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, etc. reduce the level of highly sensitive C-reactive protein. In patients with heart failure with different left ventricular ejection fraction values, it was found that the regression of the inflammatory response is accompanied by an improvement in prognosis, which confirms the hypothesis of inflammation as a response to stress, which has negative consequences for the cardiovascular system.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN, STATUS EKONOMI, PERAN PETUGAS KESEHATAN DAN PERAN KELUARGA TERHADAP VAKSINASI HPV (HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS) DI KLINIK DARA JINGGA KOTA JAMBI TAHUN 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Nia Nurzia
Keyword(s):  
Human Papilloma Virus ◽  
Health Personnel ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
P Value ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hpv Human Papilloma Virus

Abnormal cervical is still  in high levels of  which marked by the outbreak of the Human Papilloma Virus, It is not offset by the use of vaccination (HPV) Human Papilloma Virus which as the primary prevention of the spread of Human Papilloma Virus . recorded in Dara Jingga clinic in  2015, there were 226 people in the state of the cervix abnormal while those who making vaccination extremely low at only 40 people. Likewise, in 2016 there were 301 people in a state of abnormal cervical and vaccinated only 16 people . Based on it, this research is the research which aimed to determine the relationship between knowledge, economic status, family role and the role of health personnel  against the Human Papilloma Virus vaccination in Dara Jingga Clinic  Jambi City. This research is descriptive analytic with cross sectional design, the data collected through questionnaires, with a population was 321 people. using  acidental sampling technique with  sample was 32 people, research has been conducted on 22 to 24 August 2016 using univariate  and bivariate analysis assisted by a computer program. The results of the univariate analysis of vaccination picture were 10 respondents (31.3%) take advantage of HPV vaccination and 22 respondents (68,8%) did not take advantage of the HPV vaccination, an overview of knowledge were five respondents (15,6%) have sufficient knowledge, 15 respondents (46,9%) had a good knowledge,12 respondents (37,5%) had poor knowledge, an overview of economic status,  13 respondents (40,6%) had high economic status and  19 respondents (59,4% ) have lower economic status, description of the role of health workers13 respondents (40,6%) have a good role of health personnel and  19 respondents (59,4%) has the role of health personnel is not good. Overview of the role of the family, 11 respondents (34,4%) has the role of a good family and  21 respondents (65,6%) had a family roles goodles. the result of these studies show a relationship between the mother's knowledge by vaccination with HPV (Human Papilloma Virus ) with a p value of 0,035, the relationship between economic status with vaccination HPV (Human Papilloma Virus with p value 0,002, their relationship with the role of HPV vaccination of health workers with p value 0,002, their relationship with the family role of HPV vaccination with a p value of 0,004.Keywords: Knowledge, Economic Status, Role of health personnel, Role of Family,HPV Vaccination (Human Papilloma Virus)

scholarly journals Pathogen Threat and In-group Cooperation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotaka Imada ◽  
Nobuhiro Mifune
Keyword(s):  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Behavioral Immune System ◽  
Group Cooperation ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intergroup Behavior

Disease-causing parasites and pathogens play a pivotal role in intergroup behavior. Previous studies have suggested that the selection pressure posed by pathogen threat has resulted in in-group assortative sociality, including xenophobia and in-group favoritism. While the current literature has collated numerous studies on the former, strikingly, there has not been much research on the relationship between pathogen threat and in-group cooperation. Drawing upon prior studies on the function of the behavioral immune system (BIS), we argued that the BIS might facilitate cooperation with in-group members as a reactive behavioral immune response to pathogen threat. More specifically, we held that individuals might utilize cooperative behavior to ensure that they can receive social support when they have contracted an infectious disease. We reviewed existing findings pertaining to the potential role of the BIS in in-group cooperation and discussed directions for future studies.

Computed tomography study of pineal calcification in schizophrenia

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Bersani ◽  
A Garavini ◽  
I Taddei ◽  
G Tanfani ◽  
M Nordio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryComputed tomography studies concerning pineal calcification (PC) in schizophrenia have been conducted mainly by one author who correlated this calcification with several aspects of the illness. On the basis of these findings the aim of the present study was to analyze size and incidence of pineal gland calcification by CT in schizophrenics and healthy controls, and to verify the relationship between pineal calcification and age, and the possible correlation with psychopathologic variables. Pineal calcification was measured on CT scans of 87 schizophrenics and 46 controls divided into seven age subgroups of five years each. No significant differences in PC incidence and mean size between patients and controls were observed as far as the entire group was considered. PC size correlated with age both in schizophrenics and controls. We found a higher incidence of PC in schizophrenics in the age subgroup of 21–25 years, and a negative correlation with positive symptoms of schizophrenia in the overall group. These findings could suggest a premature calcific process in schizophrenics and a probable association with `non-paranoid' aspects of the illness. Nevertheless the potential role of this process possibly related to some aspects of the altered neurodevelopment in schizophrenia is still unclear.

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