scholarly journals Development of Modern Racism Scale in Global Airlines: A Study of Asian Female Flight Attendants

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2688
Author(s):  
Myoungjin Yu ◽  
Sunghyup Sean Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Airline Industry ◽  
Flight Attendants ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Modern Racism ◽  
Tourism Studies ◽  
Modern Racism Scale ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Expert Surveys ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Negative Phenomena

Due to the globalization of the airline industry, global airlines are focusing human resource management on diversity strategies and employing flight attendants of various races. Multinational flight attendants have brought many positive results; conversely, discrimination has led to negative phenomena such as racism. Nevertheless, research focusing on global airline racism in tourism studies is unprecedented. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a modern racism scale rating the discrimination perceived by Asian female flight attendants on global airlines. It was developed following Churchill’s eight steps (1979). This study derived measurement items through a literature review, in-depth interviews, first and second expert surveys, and a preliminary survey. These items were developed on a scale through a validity and reliability assessment and were finally confirmed as six dimensions and 24 measurement items. Lastly, research implications were discussed.

scholarly journals Why is Antonovsky's sense of coherence not correlated to physical health? Analysing Antonovsky's 29-item sense of coherence scale (SOC-29)

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 767-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trine Flensborg-Madsen ◽  
Søren Ventegodt ◽  
Joav Merrick
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Positive Results

We have previously concluded that the use of the Antonovsky sense of coherence (SOC) scale was unable to document a predicted strong association between SOC and physical health. By way of statistical methods, numerous studies have investigated the validity, reliability and applicability of the SOC scale with positive results. However, this paper analyses whether the questions in the SOC scale actually represent the universe of factors necessary to describe the phenomenon of SOC, which we believe is an important supplement to the statistically means of investigating validity and reliability. In this paper we explore theidea,the concepts,the theoryandthe operationalisationbehind the SOC Scale. The conclusions are: 1) it seems that Antonovsky's basic idea of coherence, for which he coined the term sense of coherence, as the basis for the highly popular salutogenic orientation is outstandingly good, in spite of the lack of statistical evidence; 2) the chosen key explanatory concepts ofcomprehensibility,manageability, andmeaning, seems to be a fair, although mental, conceptualisation of this idea; 3) Antonovsky's theory was unfortunately much less clear, as Antonovsky assumed predictability to be very important for the sense of coherence, especially for comprehensibility and manageability. This notion of predictability leaves its footprints in his operationalization of SOC into the SOC Scale. Our analysis convinced us that the SOC scale is unlikely to be a fair materialization of the idea of coherence and thus unlikely to measure SOC correctly.

scholarly journals The role of fathers in the postpartum period: experiences with skin to skin method

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 914-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquín Jesús Blanca Gutiérrez ◽  
María del Rosario Ábalos Pérez ◽  
Maria Victoria Montes Aguilera ◽  
Soledad González Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Simple Technique ◽  
Contact Method ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Father’S Role ◽  
Skin To Skin ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Positive Results

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at investigating the significance of the skin-to-skin contact method with fathers, looking at their own experiences with their newborns. METHODS: The information was collected through in-depth interviews with 14 fathers who had used the skin-to-skin contact method with their newborns, after a cesarean delivery. The technique utilized for data analysis was the qualitative method of content analysis. RESULTS: Four principal themes emerged from the data: the preparation for the skin-to-skin method, the experiences of the fathers, the father's role, and effects of the method on the baby. CONCLUSIONS: The investigations performed highlighted the importance of the involvement of health professionals in the use of this method, which leads to a series of positive results for the organization related to satisfaction. We conclude that the skin-to-skin method is a simple technique, recommended for positive results for fathers and their babies.

scholarly journals Evaluation complacency or evaluation inertia? A study of evaluative metrics and research practices in Irish universities

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lai Ma ◽  
Michael Ladisch
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Research Assessment ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Research Practices ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Quality Of Research

Abstract Evaluative metrics have been used for research assessment in most universities and funding agencies with the assumption that more publications and higher citation counts imply increased productivity and better quality of research. This study investigates the understanding and perceptions of metrics, as well as the influences and implications of the use of evaluative metrics on research practices, including choice of research topics and publication channels, citation behavior, and scholarly communication in Irish universities. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with researchers from the humanities, the social sciences, and the sciences in various career stages. Our findings show that there are conflicting attitudes toward evaluative metrics in principle and in practice. The phenomenon is explained by two concepts: evaluation complacency and evaluation inertia. We conclude that evaluative metrics should not be standardized and institutionalized without a thorough examination of their validity and reliability and without having their influences on academic life, research practices, and knowledge production investigated. We also suggest that an open and public discourse should be supported for the discussion of evaluative metrics in the academic community.

Expert Surveys as a Measurement Tool

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherie Maestas
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Questionnaire Design ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Expert Surveys ◽  
Key Questions

Polling political elites, academics, or other types of knowledgeable experts has provided scholars with a trove of information about political institutions, processes, and local context. Expert surveys are an especially useful method for measuring concepts that would be difficult or impossible to measure through alternative strategies and permits scholars to create indicators that are comparable across diverse contextual settings. This chapter provides an overview of the key questions researchers face when using experts as a tool of measurement. It highlights considerations regarding survey design, questionnaire design, and aggregation procedures with an eye toward identifying ways to enhance the validity and reliability of expert-based measures. The chapter also emphasizes the importance of design transparency and systematic reporting of procedures and measures of uncertainty about scores derived from expert surveys.

scholarly journals Preliminary studies on affirmative action in a brazilian university

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo de São Paulo
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Social Equity ◽  
Action Program ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Modern Racism ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Perceptions Of Students ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Modern Racism Scale ◽  
Variance Explained

As a signatory to Durban III World Conference against Racism, Discrimination, Xenophobia and other forms of Intolerance, Brazil has committed itself to the enforcement of mechanisms to promote social equity. As a consequence, governmental programs have been implemented, aiming at the inclusion of Afro-descendents in higher education. Actually, the quantity of such students in the academy is minimal and does not relate to what can be observed in the general population. As an example of such endeavor, Universidade de Brasília (UnB) has started an Affirmative Action program in order to include a contingent of 20% of its freshman students as representatives of racial underprivileged groups. This policy started in August 2004. The present study aimed to investigate the perceptions of students and general public to this policy. An instrument, based partially on McConahay's (1986) Modern Racism scale, was administered to a sample of 316 students. A factor analysis (AF) extracted five factors, corresponding to 48% of the total variance explained. An Analysis of Variance (Anova) was performed to better understand the results, concerning both age and gender of the subjects. Results show that, although students demonstrated interest in the implementing of Affirmative Action programs, and are aware of the relevance of such procedures to the cultural and social structure of the community, they do not agree with their reasons or measures taken, or to the existence of the problem itself.

scholarly journals Health education needs among individuals with low back pain

2006 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius Ng'uurah Nyagah
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Education Needs ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Hospital Rehabilitation ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Use Of Health Services

Lack of positive results from many of the health-education programmes for patients with low-back pain (LBP) is possibly due to the type of health information that may have been presented and the method that had been used. The present study sought to explore health-education needs among individuals with LBP. A qualitative approach that utilised in-depth interviews and a focus-group discussion was used. Data was drawn from ten participants attending physiotherapy treatment due to a non-specific LBP at the Nairobi Hospital Rehabilitation Unit, using purposive sampling. A thematic analysis procedure was used to analyse the data.  The study found the participants’ health education needs to be incongruent with the medical professionals’ assumptions of what the patients’ health education needs were. Deficiencies in explanation of the cause, diagnosis, prognosis, and the appropriate use of health services were found. The findings suggest that a more encompassing model of health education was believed to be more fitting. Since the findings indicate that the individuals with LBP require health education on various aspects, a Rehabilitative Model of health education was probably more pertinent to the individuals. That way, a more encompassing, all-inclusive model of health education would cover on the aspects that were currently neglected.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PROGRAM: SHOPEE FOR THE BAMBOO COMMUNITY OF PRINGGODANI

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-136
Author(s):  
DESSY ISFIANADEWI ◽  
TEZZA ADRIANSYAH ANWAR
Keyword(s):  
Program Implementation ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
The Public ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Data Validity ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Village ◽  
And Training ◽  
Positive Results

This study aims to determine the extent of the benefits of implementing CSR programs provided by companies to the public. Specifically, this research was carried out on the implementation of CSR programs carried out by Shopee, Shopee for the Country, for the community, in this case, the Pringgodani community as the recipient of assistance. This village is widely known for bamboo crafts made by craftsmen in the village.  This study use three methods of data collection, namely: interview method, observation, and documentation to maintain data validity and reliability. The results of this study note that CSR programs carried out by Shopee, Shopee for the Country to the Pringgodani Community include: UMKM (Community) education and training assistance in workshop building, capital assistance in the form of purchasing production machinery, assistance with product promotion and marketing partners online. The success of the Shopee CSR program to improve and develop the Community's potential has provided positive results and impacts even though it has not been fully optimized. This is because there are still some obstacles in addition to the existence of several supporting factors. It can be concluded that the current needs of the Community are the existence of education and ongoing assistance to craftsmen in producing quality products and running businesses that are ready to compete. Suggestions, CSR programs should be delivered directly to the recipient community without intermediaries, so that the program implementation can be carried out directly by the community.

How managerial communication reduces perceived job insecurity of flight attendants during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peerayuth Charoensukmongkol ◽  
Pornprom Suthatorn
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Support ◽  
Airline Industry ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Perceived Organizational Support ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Flight Attendants ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Perceived Job Insecurity

PurposeThis research investigates whether and how the quality of vertical communication implemented by airline industry management can reduce perceived job insecurity of flight attendants during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe sample of this research covers 322 flight attendants from five domestic airlines based in Thailand. An online questionnaire survey was used for data collection, and a partial least squares structural equation model was used for data analysis.FindingsThe results support the negative association between the quality of vertical communication and perceived job insecurity; moreover, this association is partially mediated by perceived role ambiguity. When considering the moderating effect of perceived organizational support on the direct linkage between the quality of vertical communication and perceived job insecurity, the quality of vertical communication only has a negative association with perceived job insecurity among employees who exhibit high levels of perceived organizational support. For those who exhibit low levels of perceived organizational support, the quality of vertical communication does not have a negative association with perceived job insecurity.Originality/valueThis study advances prior communication research by showing that in order for communication to effectively lessen the perceived job insecurity of employees, it needs to be backed by high-quality organizational support.

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