scholarly journals Regression with Highly Correlated Predictors: Variable Omission Is Not the Solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4259
Author(s):  
Mariella Gregorich ◽  
Susanne Strohmaier ◽  
Daniela Dunkler ◽  
Georg Heinze
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Environmental Sciences ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Bivariate Correlation ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Correlated Predictors ◽  
Epidemiology And Public Health

Regression models have been in use for decades to explore and quantify the association between a dependent response and several independent variables in environmental sciences, epidemiology and public health. However, researchers often encounter situations in which some independent variables exhibit high bivariate correlation, or may even be collinear. Improper statistical handling of this situation will most certainly generate models of little or no practical use and misleading interpretations. By means of two example studies, we demonstrate how diagnostic tools for collinearity or near-collinearity may fail in guiding the analyst. Instead, the most appropriate way of handling collinearity should be driven by the research question at hand and, in particular, by the distinction between predictive or explanatory aims.

scholarly journals Dealing with Multicollinearity Problem in Analysis of Side Friction Characteristics Under Urban Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shishodiya Ghanshyam Singh ◽  
S. Vasantha Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Linear Combination ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Heterogeneous Traffic ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Vehicular Speed ◽  
Inflation Factor ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Side Friction ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDisturbance to the moving traffic, such as on-street parking and bus stop on carriageway normally called as side friction in the literature, is one of the major problems that impact the vehicular speed on urban arterials in developing countries like India. Regression model to study the mode-wise vehicular speeds using side friction and other influencing variables faces the problem of multicollinearity as there is a strong correlation between the independent variables which results in high R2 and high p values. Instead of dropping the highly correlated variables which is the conventional practice to deal with multicollinearity, we proposed an approach of taking a linear combination and ratio of independent variables. To test the applicability of the proposed approach, traffic data from five locations in Hyderabad and Vellore in India having a wide variety of geometric and traffic characteristics with one or more side frictions were collected and regression models were built. It was found that the proposed approach of taking linear combination and ratio worked very well as the models exhibited a high R2, low p values and low variance inflation factor. The regression models also forecast speeds with good and reasonable accuracy. For better understanding of the impact of side friction, the present study proposed an index called side friction index and it was found that the number of side friction elements and their impact are directly proportional. Also, the impact is not uniform across the different vehicle types. Though the present study focussed on side friction problem, the approach that we proposed in this paper to deal with multicollinearity can be applied in other fields as well.

Replication of Findings in Published Analyses

2018 ◽  
pp. 263-301
Author(s):  
Quan Li
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The Other ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Geographic Spread

This chapter demonstrates how to replicate the statistical findings in two published articles from international relations and economics, respectively. The purpose of these replication exercises is to accumulate first-hand experience in conducting social science empirical research. One study involves the research question: What influences the geographic spread of military conflict, one dependent variable, and a couple of regression models? The other study also involves one research question: Does religiosity influence individual attitudes toward innovation but many dependent and independent variables and numerous regression models? Both styles of empirical research are common in applied work.

Occupational and Environmental Health

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Practical Case ◽  
Environmental Sciences ◽  
Wide Range

This thoroughly updated seventh edition is a comprehensive, clearly written, and practical textbook that includes information on both occupational health and environmental health, providing the necessary foundation for recognizing and preventing work-related and environmentally induced diseases and injuries. National and international experts share their knowledge and practical experience in addressing a wide range of issues and evolving challenges in their fields. A multidisciplinary approach makes this an ideal textbook for students and practitioners in public health, occupational and environmental medicine, occupational health nursing, epidemiology, toxicology, occupational and environmental hygiene, safety, ergonomics, environmental sciences, and other fields. Comprehensive coverage provides a clear understanding of occupational and environmental health and its relationships to public health, environmental sciences, and government policy. Practical case studies demonstrate how to apply the basic principles of occupational and environmental health to real-world challenges. Numerous tables, graphs, and photographs reinforce key concepts. Annotated Further Reading sections at the end of chapters provide avenues for obtaining further infomation. This new edition of the book is thoroughly updated and also contains new chapters on climate change, children’s environmental health, liver disorders, kidney disorders, and a global perspective on occupational health and safety.

scholarly journals Leveraging Local Expertise in Stewardship, Hospital Epidemiology and Public Health to Enrich Postgraduate Training in NYC

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s311-s312
Author(s):  
Kelsie Cowman ◽  
Belinda Ostrowsky ◽  
Susan Seo ◽  
Victor Chen ◽  
Rachel Bartash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New York ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Postgraduate Training ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Hospital Epidemiology ◽  
Full Day ◽  
Epidemiology And Public Health

Background: New York City is a gateway for emerging pathogens and global threats. In 2013, faculty from Montefiore Medical Center and Memorial Sloan Kettering developed a free half-day workshop for postgraduate trainees in antimicrobial stewardship (AS), infection prevention (IP), hospital epidemiology, and public health. This annual workshop, sponsored by the Infectious Diseases Society of New York (IDSNY), incorporates case studies and expert panel discussions on timely topics such as Ebola, Candida auris, Clostridiodes difficile, measles, nosocomial influenza, drug shortages, and AS/IP “big data.” Methods: From 2013 through 2017, the workshop involved 10–15 interactive AS/IP cases with audience response questions and panel discussions. In 2018–2019, based on feedback, the format was revised to emphasize breakout sessions in which participants actively practiced AS/IP tools, (eg, medication utilization evaluations, epidemiologic curves, and performance improvement devices). Examples of 2018–2019 cases are shown in Figure 1. A pre- and postseminar paper survey was conducted yearly to understand baseline training in AS/IP, desire for future AS/IP careers, and self-reported effectiveness of the workshop. Results: Initially, the primary audience was NYC ID fellows. From 2018 onward, we opened enrollment to pharmacy residents. Approximately 45 NYC ID fellows were eligible for the course each year. Results from 2013 to 2016 surveys were reported previously (Fig. 2). There were 32 attendees in 2018, 42 in 2019. The survey response rate was 88% in 2018 and 95% in 2019, with 68 (92%) total participants. Most participants had received previous training in IP (82%) and AS (94%) (Fig. 3). Most participants reported that the program was a good supplement to their ID training (98%) and that case studies were an effective means of learning IP (100%) and AS (98%). Furthermore, 92% stated they would like additional AS/IP training, and many since 2013 have requested a full-day course. Self-reported interest in future involvement in AS/IP increased after the workshop: IP, 68%–83% (P =.04) and AS, 88%–91% (P = .61). Conclusions: Most trainees reported satisfaction with the workshop and case-study learning method; interest in future AS/IP careers increased after the seminar. We intend to explore Funding: to expand to a full-day program for all NYC postgraduate trainees and AS/IP junior faculty. As such, we hope to obtain the endorsement of professional societies such as SHEA. This workshop could address a crucial educational gap in AS/IP postgraduate training and help sustain our future workforce.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

scholarly journals El Nacimiento del Pueblo Mestizo: Critical Discourse on Historical Trauma, Community Resilience and Healing

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-275
Author(s):  
Lisa Cacari Stone ◽  
Magdalena Avila ◽  
Bonnie Duran
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Service Learning ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Historical Trauma ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Field Notes

Purpose. Historical trauma has been widely applied to American Indian/Alaska Native and other Indigenous populations and includes dimensions of language, sociocultural, and land losses and associated physical and mental disorders, as well as economic hardships. Insufficient evidence remains on the experiences of historical trauma due to waves of colonization for mixed-race Mexican people with indigenous ancestry (el pueblo mestizo). Research Question. Drawing from our critical lenses and epistemic advantages as indigenous feminist scholars, we ask, “How can historical trauma be understood through present-day discourse of two mestizo communities? What are public health practice and policy implications for healing historical trauma among mestizo populations?” Methodology and Approach. We analyzed the discourse from two community projects: focus groups and ethnographic field notes from a study in the U.S.–Mexico border region (2012–2014) and field notes and digital stories from a service-learning course in northern New Mexico (2016–2018). Findings. Our analysis describes the social and historical experiences of Mexicans, Mexican Americans, Chicanas/os, and Nuevo Mexicano peoples in the southwestern border region of the United States. We found four salient themes as manifestations of “soul-wound”: (1) violence/fear, (2) discrimination/shame, (3) loss, and (4) deep sorrow. Themes mitigating the trauma were community resiliency rooted in “querencia” (deep connection to land/home/people) and “conscientizacion” (critical consciousness). Conclusion. Historical trauma experienced by mestizo Latinx communities is rooted in local cultural and intergenerational narratives that link traumatic events in the historic past to contemporary local experiences. Future public health interventions should draw on culturally centered strength-based resilience approaches for healing trauma and advancing health equity.

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