scholarly journals El Nacimiento del Pueblo Mestizo: Critical Discourse on Historical Trauma, Community Resilience and Healing

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-275
Author(s):  
Lisa Cacari Stone ◽  
Magdalena Avila ◽  
Bonnie Duran
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Service Learning ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Historical Trauma ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Field Notes

Purpose. Historical trauma has been widely applied to American Indian/Alaska Native and other Indigenous populations and includes dimensions of language, sociocultural, and land losses and associated physical and mental disorders, as well as economic hardships. Insufficient evidence remains on the experiences of historical trauma due to waves of colonization for mixed-race Mexican people with indigenous ancestry (el pueblo mestizo). Research Question. Drawing from our critical lenses and epistemic advantages as indigenous feminist scholars, we ask, “How can historical trauma be understood through present-day discourse of two mestizo communities? What are public health practice and policy implications for healing historical trauma among mestizo populations?” Methodology and Approach. We analyzed the discourse from two community projects: focus groups and ethnographic field notes from a study in the U.S.–Mexico border region (2012–2014) and field notes and digital stories from a service-learning course in northern New Mexico (2016–2018). Findings. Our analysis describes the social and historical experiences of Mexicans, Mexican Americans, Chicanas/os, and Nuevo Mexicano peoples in the southwestern border region of the United States. We found four salient themes as manifestations of “soul-wound”: (1) violence/fear, (2) discrimination/shame, (3) loss, and (4) deep sorrow. Themes mitigating the trauma were community resiliency rooted in “querencia” (deep connection to land/home/people) and “conscientizacion” (critical consciousness). Conclusion. Historical trauma experienced by mestizo Latinx communities is rooted in local cultural and intergenerational narratives that link traumatic events in the historic past to contemporary local experiences. Future public health interventions should draw on culturally centered strength-based resilience approaches for healing trauma and advancing health equity.

scholarly journals A systematic review on resource allocation in public health

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Barbosa ◽  
A Gonçalves ◽  
M Guerra ◽  
C Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Program Planning ◽  
Business Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Analysis Technique

Abstract Background Research in resource allocation is a need arising from State interference by the allocative function, which seeks to promote resource adjustments with the provision of certain goods and public services (Musgrave, 1974; Musgrave & Musgrave, 1980, Longo & Troster, 1993). In this perspective, a research question arises: how has international literature on the field of Business, Management and Accounting been approaching resource allocation in public health? Methods Systematic Literature Review through the Scopus Database. keywords: “public health” and “resource allocation”. The types were Article and Review. Language: English, since it is internationally accepted in scientific articles, and Portuguese, in order to include Brazilian research. Search period: from 1976 to 2017. Areas: “Business, Management and Accounting”. The performed analysis technique was qualitative meta-synthesis and by using the MAXQDA Analytics Pro 18 software. Results The first identified study was in 2000 Sweden, pulished in Health Care Management Science. The most recente in 2017 Brazil, published in Evaluation and Program Planning. Among the countries that presented the largest production, the United States is highlighted (4). Dispersion of publication among reviews was noted. Generally, publications are grouped in four perspectives: adequate allocation, resource management and effective cost; resource allocation for treating specific diseases; resource allocation for decision-making; and health evaluation and the need of informing resource allocation. The prevailing lack of theoretical grounding must be highlighted. Conclusions Can be inferred that this production is recent, that it does not possess a specific focus or outline, as there is a variety of approaches, most of them being geared towards healthcare and disease control, such as cancer, diabetes, overweight, rabies, malaria and infectious diseases. Key messages International literature indicates that the theme is yet unexplored in the field of Business, Management e Accounting and most studies are geared towards healthcare and disease control. Allocation in the public-health policy as a function of the role of the State in providing the necessary budget for financial availability and not cost-wise, suggests lack of research.

Raza Sí, Migra No

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy Patiño
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Chicano Movement ◽  
New Mexican ◽  
Legal Violence ◽  
Print Shop

As immigration from Mexico to the United States grew through the 1970s and 1980s, the Border Patrol, police, and other state agents exerted increasing violence against ethnic Mexicans in San Diego’s volatile border region. In response, many San Diego activists rallied around the leadership of the small-scale print shop owner Herman Baca in the Chicano movement to empower Mexican Americans through Chicano self-determination. The combination of increasing repression and Chicano activism gradually produced a new conception of ethnic and racial community that included both established Mexican Americans and new Mexican immigrants. Here, Jimmy Patiño narrates the rise of this Chicano/Mexicano consciousness and the dawning awareness that Mexican Americans and Mexicans would have to work together to fight border enforcement policies that subjected Latinos of all statuses to legal violence. By placing the Chicano and Latino civil rights struggle on explicitly transnational terrain, Patiño fundamentally reorients the understanding of the Chicano movement. Ultimately, Patiño tells the story of how Chicano/Mexicano politics articulated an “abolitionist” position on immigration--going beyond the agreed upon assumptions shared by liberals and conservatives alike that deportations are inherent to any solutions to the still burgeoning immigration debate.

scholarly journals Enhancing Community Engagement by Schools and Programs of Public Health in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mindi B. Levin ◽  
Janice V. Bowie ◽  
Steven K. Ragsdale ◽  
Amy L. Gawad ◽  
Lisa A. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Service Learning ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Learning Community ◽  
Community Based Participatory Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Control And Prevention

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention define community engagement as “the process of working collaboratively with and through groups of people” in order to improve their health and well-being. Central to the field of public health, community engagement should also be at the core of the work of schools and programs of public health. This article reviews best practices and emerging innovations in community engagement for education, for research, and for practice, including critical service-learning, community-based participatory research, and collective impact. Leadership, infrastructure, and culture are key institutional facilitators of successful academic efforts. Major challenges to overcome include mistrust by community members, imbalance of power, and unequal sharing of credit. Success in this work will advance equity and improve health in communities all around the world. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Public Health, Volume 42 is April 1, 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Racism

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selena T. Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Historical Trauma ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Social

Racism is pervasive, endemic, and historically rooted in systematic assumptions inherent in superiority based on race and requires the critical attention of all social workers. The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) has made strides in tackling racism as demonstrated by the social worker and civil rights activist Whitney Young Jr. (1921–1971), other pioneers, and more recently, the NASW zero-tolerance racism policy. Undergirded in empirical discussion, this article leads with the etymology of race(ism), followed by a discussion of Racial Formation Theory and Critical Race Theory. The article gives a historical sketch of racism, followed by examples of its contemporary indicators—throughout social institutions—in the United States. Racism is pervasive and impinges on micro-level and macro-level systems. It is, therefore, beyond the scope of this article to address how racism impacts each group in America. Social work scholars and other experts have provided extensive empirical documentation about the historical trauma and sufferings of other racial groups (e.g., Native Americans/Native peoples/American Indians, Mexican Americans) discussed elsewhere. Specifically, the racism endured by blacks in America is the emphasis of this article. Themes of “colorism” and historical trauma are provided to contextualize advances in national reform and encourage a broader conversation about the racism that blacks experience globally. In addition, this article highlights strides by the social work profession to eradicate racism. Implications for social work are discussed.

scholarly journals Challenges in Oral Health Provision and Utilization in the Australian Indigenous Population: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peivand Bastani ◽  
Yaser Sarikhani ◽  
Arash Ghanbarzadegan ◽  
Faeze Ostovar ◽  
Lisa Jamieson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Indigenous Australians ◽  
Service Access ◽  
Indigenous Australian ◽  
Oral Health Services

Abstract Background Oral health is a vital area of public health. Access to dental services are particularly important among Indigenous populations at a global level. This scoping review aimed to investigate challenges in the provision and utilization of oral health services among Indigenous Australians. The findings may be an important contribution to the literature and facilitate policymakers in reducing inequities in dental service access and utilisation among this vulnerable population. Methods This scoping review was conducted up to June 10, 2020. Five main databases were searched, including PUBMED, SCOPUS, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE and PROQUEST. The main key words were: oral health, dental health, utilization, provision, access, Indigenous, Native, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander. Arksey and O’Malley`s protocol was applied, which comprises 5 steps of: (1) identifying the research question; (2) identifying relevant studies; (3) study selection; (4) charting the data and collating and; (5) summarising and reporting results. Thematic analysis was used to summarize and analyse the data applying MAX QDA10 software for qualitative data analysis. For a better understanding of the themes and subthemes, a thematic network was presented. Results Results show that there are six main themes and fourteen sub-themes affecting Indigenous Australians` utilization and provision of oral health services. Personal characteristics, Socio-economic status and challenges regarding access were that the main factors influencing utilization of oral health services. The findings suggest that challenges relating to public health, policymaking and service provision can affect Indigenous Australians provision to oral health services. Conclusion Benefits in Indigenous Australian access and utilization of oral health services may improve if policy makers at both national and local levels increase resourcing in this important public health sector. A deeper understanding of the social and cultural nuances driving Indigenous Australians’ reluctance to attend for dental care is crucial.

scholarly journals The Real-World Experience: Students Perspectives on Service-Learning Projects

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Service Learning ◽  
Real World ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Business Students ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Collegiate Level ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Service Learning Projects ◽  
Learning Projects

The purpose of this paper is to identify how students gain “real-world” experience via service-learning projects.  This article describes the results of a pilot study conducted with over 75 business graduate students to investigate the effects of service-learning curriculum at the collegiate level.  The following qualitative data was collected:  observations, field notes, interviews, video-taped group meetings, and student reflection journals.  This data was collected to gain insight on the research question, “What are business students’ views of service-learning projects and how they contribute to ‘real-world’ experience?”  In addition, this article briefly discusses literature on the ethnographic qualitative approach and its significance, as well as the service-learning literature that continues to evolve as the instigation of such projects continues to draw the attention of researchers and educators.  

scholarly journals High Rates of COVID-19 Infection Among Indigenous Maya at a US Safety-Net Health System in California

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492199037
Author(s):  
Patricia K. Foo ◽  
Berenice Perez ◽  
Neha Gupta ◽  
Gerardo Jeronimo Lorenzo ◽  
Nana-Yaa Misa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
The United States ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Alameda County ◽  
System A ◽  
Record Review

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has disproportionately and negatively affected communities of color in the United States, especially Black, Latinx, and Indigenous populations. We report a cluster of COVID-19 cases among the Maya in Alameda County, California, most of whom were misclassified in public health data as nonindigenous Spanish-speaking people. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all COVID-19 tests performed from April 1 through May 31, 2020, at Alameda Health System. A total of 1561 tests from 1533 patients were performed, with an overall test positivity rate of 17.0% (N = 265). We used the language field from the electronic health record to identify 29 patients as speaking an indigenous Mayan language; by medical record review, we identified 52 additional Maya patients. Maya patients had a test positivity rate of 72.8% as compared with 27.1% ( P < .001) for nonindigenous Latinx patients and 8.2% ( P < .001) for all other patients. In our sample, 39.6% of patients who had a positive test result for COVID-19 were hospitalized, 11.3% required admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), and 4.9% died of COVID-19. Maya patients had lower rates of hospitalization, ICU admission, and 30-day in-hospital mortality than non-Maya patients. We shared our data with the county health department to inform responses for education, testing, and isolation for Maya patients in Alameda County. Ongoing COVID-19 public health efforts should assess the community prevalence of COVID-19 in the Maya community and other indigenous communities and implement interventions that are linguistically and culturally appropriate.

scholarly journals Rebuilding Community-Based and Public Health Nursing in the Wake of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Pittman ◽  
Jeongyoung Park
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Public Health Nursing ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community And Public Health ◽  
Health Nursing

The COVID-19 pandemic has reset the table for a dialogue about health equity, public health, and the future of nursing. Experts anticipated that payment reforms would lead to a much-needed increase in community and public health nursing. Despite calls for the profession of nursing to take a leadership role in addressing the social determinants of health and health equity, data show that jobs for nurses in community-based clinics and public health have actually declined in the last decade. This article offers background on the ongoing decline in public health infrastructure in the United States, an analysis of workforce data on nursing jobs using the National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses from the years 2000, 2004, 2008, and 2018, and the National Association of County and City Health Officials from 2008 to 2019, as well as a discussion of why these findings are so troubling. We discuss policy implications for nurse educators related to curricula and clinical experiences, and for professional nursing organizations as they set goals to increase and improve nursing jobs in community clinics and public health settings. In conclusion, we note that the federal investments in community health centers and public health nursing provide a short window of opportunity to reverse the historic and ongoing decline and rebuild a stronger community and public health nurse workforce.

scholarly journals Land Use and Land Cover Changes in the Diversity and Life Zone for Uncontacted Indigenous People: Deforestation Hotspots in the Yasuní Biosphere Reserve, Ecuadorian Amazon

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1539
Author(s):  
Marco Heredia-R ◽  
Bolier Torres ◽  
Francisco Cabrera-Torres ◽  
Emma Torres ◽  
Carlos G. H. Díaz-Ambrona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
Land Cover Changes ◽  
Life Zone

Land use and land cover change (LULC) is an essential component for the monitoring environmental change and managing natural resources in areas of high natural and cultural biodiversity, such as the Amazon biome. This study was conducted in in the northern Amazon of Ecuador, specifically in the Diversity and Life Zone (DLZ) of the Yasuní Biosphere Reserve (YBR). The general aim was to investigate the territorial dynamics of land use/land cover changes to support policies for environmental and sociocultural protection in the DLZ. Specific objectives included (i) mapping LULC spatial and temporal dynamics in the DLZ in the period from 1999 to 2018, (ii) identifying sensitive LULC hotspots within the DLZ, and (iii) defining the possible policy implications for sustainable land use in the DLZ. Multitemporal satellite imagery from the Landsat series was used to map changes in LULC, which were divided into three-time stages (1999–2009, 2009–2018, 1999–2018). We adopted open-access Landsat images downloaded from the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The processes for assessing LULC in the DLZ included (1) data collection and analysis, (2) data processing for remote sensing, (3) thematic land cover, and (4) homogenization and vectorization of images. The results showed that in the period 1999–2018, most of the uses and land cover were transformed into pastures in the DLZ. Therefore, it is important to improve territorial planning, to avoid conflicts between indigenous populations, migrant settlers, and uncontacted indigenous populations that live in the DLZ, within the YBR.

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