scholarly journals Tooth Position in Wind Instrument Players: Dentofacial Cephalometric Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4306
Author(s):  
Miguel Pais Clemente ◽  
André Moreira ◽  
Catarina Morais ◽  
José Manuel Amarante ◽  
Afonso Pinhão Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Added Value ◽  
Cephalometric Analysis ◽  
Lower Incisor ◽  
Wind Instrumentalists ◽  
Tooth Position ◽  
String Instrument ◽  
Wind Instrument ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Applied Forces

Background: Specific dentofacial characteristics in wind instrumentalists should be taken in consideration when analyzing physiological and anatomical issues regarding the musician’s embouchure, posture, and biomechanics during musical performance. Objectives: To compare tooth cephalometric characteristics between wind instrument players and string players (overjet, overbite, lower facial height, facial convexity, lower incisor inclination, and interincisal angle). Methods: In total, 48 wind instrumentalists (67%) and 24 string instrumentalists (33%). These musicians performed lateral tele-radiography and the correspondent linear and angular measurements of the dentofacial cephalometric analysis. Statistical comparison of wind and string instrumentalists was made by using an independent t-test. Results: Small variations on the analyzed parameters were found between the wind and string instrument groups. Based on the cephalometric analysis the variable interincisal angle was statistically significant (p < 0.05), when comparing the wind and string instrument group. Conclusions: Knowledge of the overjet and overbite value permits a substantial analysis on the tooth position of wind instrument players, where both of these parameters are increased and greater than the norm value. The cephalometry was an added value on the interpretation of possible factors that lead to the position of the central incisors of wind instruments. Till some extent in this group of musicians the applied forces during the embouchure mechanism on the anterior teeth and the existing perioral forces promote an equilibrium on the vector of forces. This study findings demonstrate that when evaluating the two samples, wind and string instruments there are different dentofacial configurations, however the only statistically significant differences that were found are related to the interincisal angle (p < 0.05).

scholarly journals Finite Element Analysis of Mandibular Anterior Teeth with Healthy, but Reduced Periodontium

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3824
Author(s):  
Ioana-Andreea Sioustis ◽  
Mihai Axinte ◽  
Marius Prelipceanu ◽  
Alexandra Martu ◽  
Diana-Cristala Kappenberg-Nitescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Applied Forces ◽  
Orthodontic Forces

Finite element analysis studies have been of interest in the field of orthodontics and this is due to the ability to study the stress in the bone, periodontal ligament (PDL), teeth and the displacement in the bone by using this method. Our study aimed to present a method that determines the effect of applying orthodontic forces in bodily direction on a healthy and reduced periodontium and to demonstrate the utility of finite element analysis. Using the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) of a patient with a healthy and reduced periodontium, we modeled the geometric construction of the contour of the elements necessary for the study. Afterwards, we applied a force of 1 N and a force of 0.8 N in order to achieve bodily movement and to analyze the stress in the bone, in the periodontal ligament and the absolute displacement. The analysis of the applied forces showed that a minimal ligament thickness is correlated with the highest value of the maximum stress in the PDL and a decreased displacement. This confirms the results obtained in previous clinical practice, confirming the validity of the simulation. During orthodontic tooth movement, the morphology of the teeth and of the periodontium should be taken into account. The effect of orthodontic forces on a particular anatomy could be studied using FEA, a method that provides real data. This is necessary for proper treatment planning and its particularization depends on the patient’s particular situation.

Prevalence of Orofacial Changes in Wind Instrumentalists: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
José CR Glória ◽  
Amanda A Balestra ◽  
Nayara S Iasbik ◽  
Dhelfeson W Douglas-de-Oliveira ◽  
Olga D Flecha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Wind Instruments ◽  
Professional Musicians ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Wind Instrumentalists ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Dmf Index ◽  
Instrument Type ◽  
Pain Complaint

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to identify the prevalence of orofacial changes and factors associated with the frequent playing of wind instruments by musicians in Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 40 professional musicians who played wind instruments. The musicians filled out questionnaires about their habits and musical career. The Research Diagnostic Criteria were applied to investigate temporomandibular disorders. Other oral parameters examined included periodontal status, plaque index, and decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMF) index. A significance level of p<0.05 was adopted for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The population included 22 (55%) men and 18 (45%) women, with a mean age of 25.88 yrs. The most common instruments played were the saxophone (n=12, 30%), clarinet (n=9, 22.5%), and flute (n=6, 15%). The most frequent pain complaint after playing was numbness in the upper lip or no sensation (25% of musicians), and the most frequent dental change observed was inclination of the upper teeth (15% of musicians). There was no significant association between dental changes, pain, and classification of instrument type. CONCLUSION: The main oral change that affected musicians who played wind instruments was the inclination of anterior teeth.

scholarly journals Dental microwear texture gradients in guinea pigs reveal that material properties of the diet affect chewing behaviour

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela E. Winkler ◽  
Marcus Clauss ◽  
Maximilian Rölle ◽  
Ellen Schulz-Kornas ◽  
Daryl Codron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Dental Microwear ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Tooth Position ◽  
Posterior Tooth ◽  
Plant Feeding ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Chewing Behaviour

Dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA) is widely used for diet inferences in extant and extinct vertebrates. Often, a reference tooth position is analysed in extant specimens, while isolated teeth are lumped together in fossil datasets. It is therefore important to test whether DMT is tooth position specific, and if so, what the causes for wear differences are. Here we present results from controlled feeding experiments with 72 guinea pigs, which either received fresh or dried natural plant diets of different phytolith content (lucerne, grass, bamboo), or pelleted diets with and without mineral abrasives (frequently encountered by herbivorous mammals in natural habitats). We test for gradients in dental microwear texture along the upper cheek tooth row. Regardless of abrasive content, pelleted diets display an increase in surface roughness along the tooth row, indicating that posterior tooth positions experience more wear compared to anterior teeth. Guinea pigs feedings on plants of low phytolith content and low abrasiveness (fresh and dry lucerne, fresh grass) show almost no DMT differences between tooth positions, while individuals feeding on more abrasive plants (dry grass, fresh and dry bamboo) show a gradient of decreasing surface roughness along the tooth row. We suggest that plant feeding involves continuous intake and comminution by grinding, resulting in posterior tooth positions mainly processing food already partly comminuted and moistened. Pelleted diets require crushing, which exerts higher loads, especially on posterior tooth positions, where bite forces are highest. These differences in chewing behaviour result in opposing wear gradients for plant versus pelleted diets.

scholarly journals Airflow and air velocity measurements while playing wind instruments, with respect to risk assessment of a SARS-CoV-2 infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Spahn ◽  
Anna Hipp ◽  
Bernd Schubert ◽  
Marcus Rudolf Axt ◽  
Markus Stratmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Wind Instruments ◽  
Velocity Measurements ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Airborne Transmission ◽  
Wind Instrumentalists ◽  
Alto Flute ◽  
Brass Instruments ◽  
Wind Instrument ◽  
Air Jet

AbstractDue to airborne transmission of infection with the coronavirus, the question arose as to how high the risk of spreading infectious particles can be while playing a wind instrument.To contribute to this question and to help clarify the possible risks, we analyzed 14 wind instruments, first qualitative by making airflows visible while playing and second quantitative by measuring air velocities at three distances (1m, 1.5m and 2m) in direction of the instrument’s bell.Measurements took place with wind instrumentalists of the Bamberg Symphony in their concert hall.Our findings highlight that while playing all wind instruments no airflow escaping from the instruments – from the bell with brass instruments, from the mouthpiece, keyholes and bell with woodwinds – was measured beyond a distance of 1.5m from the instruments’ bell, regardless of volume, pitch or what was played. With that, air velocity while playing corresponded to the usual value of hall-like rooms, of 0.1 m/s. For air-jet woodwinds, alto flute and piccolo, significant air movements were seen close to their mouthpieces, which escaped directly into the room without passing through the instrument and therefore generating directed air movements.

The Clinical Study of Detecting the Endodontic Vitality Clinical Reference Range of Anterior Teeth in Children Used By Laser Doppler Flowmetry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuang Yang ◽  
Feifei Guo ◽  
Zhifei Zhou ◽  
Zeming Hui ◽  
Zirui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Laser Doppler ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Tooth Position ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Aim: To measure the pulpal blood flow (PBF) of the upper incisors using the laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and to calculate the endodontic vitality clinical reference range using PBF as an indicator in the healthy children. To clarify the factors that might interfere the detection and interpretation of the results. Methods: Seven to twelve-year-old school-age children were recruited randomly. The basic characteristics of the subjects are described in terms of age and gender. The mean, standard deviation, and reference range of the subjects’ PBF values are described based on their age, sex, and tooth position. Multi-factor analysis of variance was implemented, mainly including age, gender, and tooth position. Results: 1) The clinical reference range of the anterior teeth PBF in children of different ages was preliminary defined that was approximately among the range of 7-14. 2). A statistically significant correlation between PBF and age in school-aged children (P < 0.05) was detected and no statistical significance between genders (P > 0.05) was detected. The PBF detection value of lateral incisors was higher than that of central incisors, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The determination of the range of clinical reference of anterior teeth PBF in children by LDF could provide a good theoretical basis and reference basis for further promotion of its application.

Regulation and determination of the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food products

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
T.V. Adamchuk ◽  
A.P. Hrynko ◽  
Т.І. Moroz ◽  
O.A. Makarova ◽  
N.О. Stadnichuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Crude Soybean Oil ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Objectives. To conduct analysis of PAH findings obtained by different international research organizations and institutions. To compare European and Ukrainian laws regulating contamination of food with PAH. Methods and Materials. Analysis of scientific sources and European and Ukrainian legal acts regulating contamination of food with PAH. Research on contamination of food with PAH. Results and Discussion. According to European Food Safety Authority findings (2008) a total of 9714 foodstuff samples were investigated for one or more 16 priority PAH concentration. Results for the full set of 16 PAH were reported in 823 foodstuff samples, for 15 SCF priority PAH – in 1375 samples, and PAH 8 – in 4065 samples. Benzo[a]pyrene was detected in approximately 50% of all samples tested, ranging from not detected to 100% depending on the foodstuff group involved. In about 30% of samples tested for SCF priority PAH the carcinogenic and genotoxic PAH were detected despite the negative test results for benzo[a]pyrene. The CONTAM Panel came to a conclusion that benzo[a]pyrene is not an unconditional indicator of PAH occurrence in foodstuffs. Based on currently available data concerning PAH occurrence and toxicity, the CONTAM Panel concluded that PAH4 (benzo[a]pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, chrysene) and PAH8 (benzo[a]pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[ghi]perylene, chrysene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene constitute the most indicative PAH in foodstuffs with PAH8 not providing much added value compared to PAH4. The findings of the research conducted at the Research Center of Toxicology revealed that benzo[a]pyrene content in two samples of sunflower oil exceeded its maximum level. The PAH content in the unrefined crude soybean oil test sample exceeded the maximum level for both benzo[a]pyrene and the sum of three PAH. Considering the sources, conditions of PAH formation and oil production process peculiarities, it can be assumed that PAH accumulation in oil occurs due to improper drying of oilseeds. In Ukraine, as part of the implementation of the EU Association Agreement with Ukraine, the work is in progress to harmonize national legislation on PAH regulation with European documents. Conclusions. Given the high hygienic importance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as common carcinogenic foodstuff contaminants, it is necessary to assess health risk factors associated with above-mentioned compounds content in foodstuffs. Special measures to reduce their level in diets for the population should be developed and implemented. Key Words: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzo[a]pyrene, safety, risks, harmonization.

A microbiological and physical-chemical based evaluation of artisanal Minas cheese production in Rio Paranaíba city, Minas Gerais, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Vinícius Guimarães Nasser ◽  
Liliane Evangelista Visôtto ◽  
Fábio Martins Campos ◽  
Regiane Victória De Barros Fernandes ◽  
Diego Alvarenga Botrel
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Two Samples

The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological and physical-chemical features of the water and milk used in the preparation of artisanal cheese produced in seven dairies, located in Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais, Brazil, in order to ascertain the conformity of these parameters with the current legislation. Physical-chemical analyzes of water (alkalinity, acidity, residual chlorine, chlorine and pH), milk (fat, protein, total solids, nonfat dry extract, acidity, cryoscopy and density) and cheese (moisture content, presence of starch and alkaline phosphatase) were performed. Also, it was determined the most probable number of coliform at 30 °C, at 45 °C and mesophilic count in the samples of water, milk and cheese. Cheese weight, diameter and height were also determined to verify the patterning of the physical format of cheeses. The water used by dairies showed satisfactory microbiological characteristics. However, the water in properties 2 and 7 showed mean values of alkalinity approximately 2 times higher and lower than the recommended range (10 to 50 mg CaCO3.L-1), respectively. Considering the confidence intervals, no water sample showed satisfactory results for alkalinity and residual chlorine determinations. With regards to raw milk samples, three samples showed mesophilic bacteria count greater than 1 x 105 CFU/mL (property 1, 5 and 7), whereas four and two samples showed number of coliforms at 30 °C and at 45 °C higher than 1100 NMP/mL, respectively. The milk produced in the property 2 showed confidence interval values for density (1.033 to 1.035), above the recommended limit. In addition, the confidence interval for the freezing point of milk in all properties were out of recommended values (-0.550 to -0.530 °H). Seventy-five percent of the cheeses had coliform counts at 30 °C greater than 1 x 103 MPN/g and 100% of the samples had humidity valueabove 45.9% (maximum allowed after maturation). The weight of cheeses from the properties 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 also exceeded the recommended limit (1-1.2 kg). The artisanal cheese-making process requires some adjustments to meet the standards of current legislation, aiming to bring added value and greater product safety.

scholarly journals Changes of pharyngeal airway size and hyoid bone position following orthodontic treatment of Class I bimaxillary protrusion

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingzhu Wang ◽  
Peizeng Jia ◽  
Nina K. Anderson ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Jiuxiang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Hyoid Bone ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
T Test ◽  
Class I ◽  
Lower Incisor ◽  
Pharyngeal Airway ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Bimaxillary Protrusion ◽  
Maximum Anchorage ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives: To test the hypothesis that the sagittal position of the anterior teeth has no effect on pharyngeal airway dimension or hyoid bone position and to investigate the influence of orthodontic retraction of the anterior teeth on each section of pharynx and hyoid position. Materials and Methods: Forty-four Class I bimaxillary protrusion adults, treated with preadjusted appliances and maximum anchorage after extraction of four premolars, were divided into two groups according to their vertical craniofacial skeletal patterns. Pretreatment and posttreatment variables were compared using paired t-test, and the relationship between pharyngeal airway size and dentofacial variables was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient. The changes of pharyngeal airway size and hyoid position after treatment were compared between two groups using independent t-test. Results: Upon retraction of the incisors, the upper and lower lips were retracted by 2.60 mm and 3.87 mm, respectively. The tip of upper incisor was retracted by 6.84 mm and lower incisor retracted by 4.95 mm. There was significant decrease in SPP-SPPW, U-MPW, TB-TPPW, V-LPW, VAL, C3H, and SH (P &lt; .05). No statistically significant different changes were observed in the dentofacial structures, pharyngeal airway, and hyoid position between the two groups after the treatment. There was a significant correlation between the retraction distance of lower incisor and the airway behind the soft palate, uvula, and tongue. Conclusions: The pharyngeal airway size became narrower after the treatment. Extraction of four premolars with retraction of incisors did affect velopharyngeal, glossopharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and hyoid position in bimaxillary protrusive adult patients.

Effects of Thalassaemia Major on Components of the Craniofacial Complex

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şule Başsimitçi ◽  
Emel Yücel-Eroğlu ◽  
Mine Akalar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Direction ◽  
Cephalometric Analysis ◽  
Thalassaemia Major ◽  
Mandibular Growth ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Thalassaemic Patient ◽  
Craniofacial Complex

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the craniofacial effects of thalassaemia major and involved a cephalometric analysis of two samples, consisting of 30 thalassaemic patients and 30 control cases. Differences between the groups were tested by Variance analysis (two factors completely randomized design). It was found that thalassaemia major had significant effects on components of the craniofacial complex: The typical thalassaemic patient had a moderate Class 2 skeletal discrepancy with pronounced vertical mandibular growth direction, prominent mandibular incisors, everted lips, and a narrowed nasal cavity.

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