scholarly journals Gender-Specific Prevalence of Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases by Health Service Use among Schoolteachers in Afghanistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5729
Author(s):  
Sharifullah Alemi ◽  
Keiko Nakamura ◽  
Ahmad Shekib Arab ◽  
Mohammad Omar Mashal ◽  
Yuri Tashiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Check ◽  
Male Teachers ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Lifestyle Advice ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Teachers ◽  
Use Of Health Services

Objectives of this study were: (1) to examine gender differences in biomedical indicators, lifestyle behaviors, self-health check practices, receipt of professional non-communicable disease (NCD)-related lifestyle advice, and the use of health services among teachers in Afghanistan; and (2) to seek the patterns of these indicators among users and non-users of health services among both male and female teachers. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 600 schoolteachers in Kabul city in February 2017. Gender differences in percentage distributions of abnormal biomedical indicators, lifestyle behaviors, self-health check practices, and receipt of professional lifestyle advice were examined. These patterns were further analyzed according to the use of health services in the previous 12 months by both genders. The results showed that male teachers had a higher prevalence of hypertension, increased serum triglycerides, physically active lifestyle, and tobacco use than female teachers (28.2/20.4, p = 0.038; 47.0/37.9, p = 0.040; 54.3/40.9, p = 0.002; 15.8/0.7, p < 0.001, respectively); female teachers had a higher prevalence of increased serum LDL cholesterol, overweight/obesity, and frequent consumption of fruits/vegetables than male teachers (61.3/50.8, p = 0.018; 64.7/43.5, p < 0.001; 71.4/53.8, p < 0.001, respectively). Female teachers were more likely to receive professional lifestyle advice related to NCDs than male teachers. Although users of health services practiced self-health checks and received professional lifestyle advice more frequently than non-users, abnormal biomedical indicators were similarly shown among users and non-users of health services in both genders. In conclusion, high prevalence of abnormal biomedical indicators was indicated in both male and female teachers, although the specific abnormal biomedical indicators differed by gender. Users and non-users of health services presented a similar prevalence of these abnormal indicators. Understanding the differences in patterns of NCD risk factors is essential when developing gender-informed policies.

scholarly journals The Categories of Utterances Used by Male and Female Teachers

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Maharani . Dalimunthe ◽  
Anni Holila Pulungan ◽  
Zainuddin . .
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Male Teachers ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Teachers ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Teaching Learning

This study focus on investigating utterances used by male and female teachers in teaching learning process based on inquiry model. It is a qualitative research design. The subjects were six teachers in SMP AL-Wasliyah 29 Medan. There are three male teachers and three female teachers. The data of this research is collected by recording, transcribing and analysing. Recording was applied to record utterances of male and female teachers in teaching learning process based inquiry model. Transcribing was applied to transcribe the utterances of male and female in teaching learning process based on inquiry model. And analysing was to analyse the utterances of male and female in teaching learning process based on inquiry model. The study proposed by Tanen’s theory. The problem of the study are how the categories of male and female teachers’ utterances realized and why realized in the ways they are. The data were analysed by using Miles and Huberman. The result of this study revealed that: Male and female teachers were different in delivering their utterances. It could be seen from the categories showed on their utterances. Male teachers showed the categories of male utterances, such as support, intimacy, understanding, feeling, and proposal in their utterances to their students. While female teachers showed status, advice, and orders.Keywords: Gender Differences, Inquiry Model, Teaching Learning Process, Male and Female

scholarly journals GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ENGLISH TEACHERS COMMUNICATION PATTERN AT SMPN 1 PETANGBADUNG REGENCY

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
I Luh Meiyana Ariss Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Negative Reinforcement ◽  
Male Student ◽  
English Teachers ◽  
Communication Pattern ◽  
Male Teachers ◽  
Female Teacher ◽  
English Teacher ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Teachers

In this study, the researcher would like to investigate the types of reinforcements used by male and female teacher, the frequency of using reinforcements both male and female teacher, and to whom it is usually addressed by each teacher. The concern of this study, there were two subjects chosen, one male and one female English teacher. The data was collected through observation and interview.  The result of the study showed that those teachers are the same in using the types of reinforcement; they applied praise and negative reinforcement. In term of frequency of using reinforcement, female teachers applied more often than male teachers. Male and female teacher tended to reinforce them who were active in the classroom without regarding the students’ gender. In responding to reinforcement given, mostly students responded by smiling and becoming more active in the following the next lesson. In certain cases, male student showed different responses, particularly when they received negative reinforcement in term of point reducing and withdrawing certain image that they had.

Gender Differences in Patterns of Risk Factors Among Children Receiving Mental Health Services

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-311
Author(s):  
Christine M. Walrath ◽  
Hanno Petras ◽  
David S. Mandell ◽  
Robert L. Stephens ◽  
E Wayne Holden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services

Gender differences in factors affecting use of health services: an analysis of a community study of middle-aged and older Australians

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 2121-2129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Parslow ◽  
Anthony Jorm ◽  
Helen Christensen ◽  
Patricia Jacomb ◽  
Bryan Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Community Study ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Use Of Health Services

scholarly journals GENDER ROLE NORM CONFORMITY AND SEXUAL ASSAULT RISK AMONG MALE AND FEMALE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joke Depraetere ◽  
Christophe Vandeviver ◽  
Ines Keygnaert ◽  
Tom Vander Beken
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
College Students ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
University Students ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Role Norm

Scholars have established various risk factors that increase the risk of sexual victimization (SV) among college students. However, little research has focused on gender norm conformity as a risk factor of SV. Addressing this gap in the literature, we conducted a study with 322 men and 815 female university students. Over 51% of women and 23% of men indicated experiencing some form of SV in their lives. Logistic regression analyses revealed various gender differences and established that gender norms predict SV while controlling for established risk factors. We discuss these findings and their implications for prevention measures of SV.

Deadly Choices™ community health events: a health promotion initiative for urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Malseed ◽  
Alison Nelson ◽  
Robert Ware ◽  
Ian Lacey ◽  
Keiron Lander
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
Health Check ◽  
Audit Trail ◽  
Torres Strait ◽  
Health Screen

The present study was an evaluation of the effectiveness of Deadly Choices™ community events for improving participants’ short-term knowledge of chronic disease and risk factors, and increasing community engagement with local health services. Surveys were completed directly before and after participating in health education activities (pre and post surveys, respectively) assessing knowledge of chronic diseases and risk factors at three Deadly Choices community events and four National Aboriginal and Islander Day Observance Committee (NAIDOC) events in south-east Queensland where Deadly Choices health education activities took place. An audit trail was conducted at two Deadly Choices community events in Brisbane to identify the proportion of participants who undertook a health screen at the event who then followed up for a Medicare-funded health check (MBS item 715) or other appointment at an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander clinic in the local area within 2 months. Results were compared with a sample of participants who attended one Deadly Choices community event but did not complete a health screen. There were 472 community members who completed a pre and post survey. All knowledge scores significantly improved between baseline and follow up. Although based on a small sample, the audit trail results suggest individuals who participated in a health screen at the community day were approximately twice as likely to go back to a clinic to receive a full health check or have an alternative appointment compared with attendees who did not participate in a screen. Community events that include opportunities for health education and health screening are an effective strategy to improve chronic disease health literacy skills and appear to have the potential to increase community engagement with local Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health services.

Influence of living arrangements on health services utilisation in Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Afzal Mahmood ◽  
Anna E. Bauze ◽  
Justin T. Lokhorst ◽  
Peng Bi ◽  
Arthur Saniotis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Informal Care ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Health Service Use ◽  
Use Of Health Services

Background. The number of people living alone is increasing markedly. Others live as couples only, couples with child(ren) and single adult with child(ren). Health service utilisation could differ for people in different living arrangements as a result of varying levels of risk factors, health status, access to informal care and decision-making for accessing care. Objective. To identify the association between living arrangements and health service use. Methods. The Australian Bureau of Statistics’ National Health Survey 2001 data for people 18–65 years old were analysed for household composition and service use. Results. People in various household types differ in terms of their overall use of health services and their use of services by general practitioners. Sex, rurality, socioeconomic status and status of heart condition significantly influenced the use of health services. Conclusion. There are implications for health services provision and planning within the context of rapid changes in living arrangements. Additional research is required to explore the reasons to such differences, level of access to informal care, healthcare decision-making processes and consequences of under- or over-utilisation of services. What is known about the topic? Health service use is influenced by the disease burden and pattern, demography, economic factors, access to social support, quality of care and satisfaction with standards of care. These factors may influence access to and use of care. What does this paper add? This research points to the potential role of living arrangements on health services use. Many people now live alone and may not have access to informal care, and access to health information and education. People in different living arrangements appear to have different health service use. What are the implications for practitioners? Practitioners, in both primary care and acute care sectors, need to consider that patients, including younger people, may not have access to informal care, may present with delays and may not have the needed adequate support during convalescence. Health education needs to consider that people in different living arrangements may be exposed to different levels of risk factors in terms of their healthcare use.

Gender differences in patterns of risk factors among children receiving mental health services: Latent class analyses

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Walrath ◽  
Hanno Petras ◽  
David S. Mandell ◽  
Robert L. Stephens ◽  
E. Wayne Holden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Latent Class Analyses

Verbal and Nonverbal Responsiveness of Male and Female Preschool Teachers to Sex of Child and Sex-Typed Child Behaviors

1981 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan E. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Teachers ◽  
Male Teachers ◽  
Child Behaviors ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Teachers

Frequencies of verbal and nonverbal responsiveness of 20 male and 20 female preschool teachers to sex of child and to sex-typed child behaviors were observed. Male and female teachers responded verbally equally as often to boys arid girls, especially when the children were involved in masculine activities. Higher incidences of nonverbal responsiveness of male teachers to boys and to masculine behaviors indicated that male teachers tended to be more physically proximate to boys than girls and more involved in masculine behaviors than the women.

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