scholarly journals Effects of Isomaltulose Ingestion on Thermoregulatory Responses during Exercise in a Hot Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5760
Author(s):  
Junto Otsuka ◽  
Yumi Okamoto ◽  
Naoto Fujii ◽  
Yasuaki Enoki ◽  
Daisuke Maejima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Hot Environment ◽  
Sports Drinks ◽  
Cutaneous Vasodilation ◽  
Thermoregulatory Responses ◽  
Temperature Thresholds

Isomaltulose is a low glycemic and insulinemic carbohydrate available as a constituent of sports drinks. However, it remains unclear whether thermoregulatory responses (sweating and cutaneous vasodilation) after isomaltulose drink ingestion differ from those of sucrose and water during exercise in a hot environment. Ten young healthy males consumed 10% sucrose, 10% isomaltulose, or water drinks. Thirty-five minutes after ingestion, they cycled for fifteen minutes at 75% peak oxygen uptake in a hot environment (30 °C, 40% relative humidity). Sucrose ingestion induced greater blood glucose concentration and insulin secretion at the pre-exercise state, compared with isomaltulose and/or water trials, with no differences during exercise in blood glucose. Change in plasma volume did not differ between the three trials throughout the experiment, but both sucrose and isomaltulose ingestions similarly increased plasma osmolality, as compared with water (main beverage effect, p = 0.040)—a key response that potentially delays the onset of heat loss responses. However, core temperature thresholds and slopes for heat loss responses were not different between the trials during exercise. These results suggest that ingestion of isomaltulose beverages induces low glycemic and insulinemic states before exercise but does not alter thermoregulatory responses during exercise in a hot environment, compared with sucrose or water.

Ten-day endurance training attenuates the hyperosmotic suppression of cutaneous vasodilation during exercise but not sweating

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Ichinose ◽  
Kazunobu Okazaki ◽  
Shizue Masuki ◽  
Hiroyuki Mitono ◽  
Mian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Training ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cutaneous Vasodilation ◽  
Thermoregulatory Responses ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual

It is well known that hyperosmolality suppresses thermoregulatory responses and that plasma osmolality (Posmol) increases with exercise intensity. We examined whether the decreased esophageal temperature thresholds for cutaneous vasodilation (THFVC) and sweating (THSR) after 10-day endurance training (ET) are caused by either attenuated increase in Posmol at a given exercise intensity or blunted sensitivity of hyperosmotic suppression. Nine young male volunteers exercised on a cycle ergometer at 60% peak oxygen consumption rate (V̇o2 peak) for 1 h/day for 10 days at 30°C. Before and after ET, thermoregulatory responses were measured during 20-min exercise at pretraining 70% V̇o2 peak in the same environment as during ET under isoosmotic or hyperosmotic conditions. Hyperosmolality by ∼10 mosmol/kgH2O was attained by acute hypertonic saline infusion. After ET, V̇o2 peak and blood volume (BV) both increased by ∼4% ( P < 0.05), followed by a decrease in THFVC ( P < 0.05) but not by that in THSR. Although there was no significant decrease in Posmol at the thresholds after ET, the sensitivity of increase in THFVC at a given increase in Posmol [ΔTHFVC/ΔPosmol,°C·(mosmol/kgH2O)−1], determined by hypertonic infusion, was reduced to 0.021 ± 0.005 from 0.039 ± 0.004 before ET ( P < 0.05). The individual reductions in ΔTHFVC/ΔPosmol after ET were highly correlated with their increases in BV around THFVC ( r = −0.89, P < 0.005). In contrast, there was no alteration in the sensitivity of the hyperosmotic suppression of sweating after ET. Thus the downward shift of THFVC after ET was partially explained by the blunted sensitivity to hyperosmolality, which occurred in proportion to the increase in BV.

Preexercise carbohydrate ingestion, glucose kinetics, and muscle glycogen use: effect of the glycemic index

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 1845-1851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Febbraio ◽  
Justin Keenan ◽  
Damien J. Angus ◽  
Shannon E. Campbell ◽  
Andrew P. Garnham
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Carbohydrate Feeding

Eight trained men cycled at 70% peak oxygen uptake for 120 min followed by a 30-min performance cycle after ingesting either a high-glycemic index (HGI), low-glycemic index (LGI), or placebo (Con) meal 30 min before exercise. Ingestion of HGI resulted in an elevated ( P < 0.01) blood glucose concentration compared with LGI and Con. At the onset of exercise, blood glucose fell ( P < 0.05) such that it was lower ( P < 0.05) in HGI compared with LGI and Con at 15 and 30 min during exercise. Plasma insulin concentration was higher ( P < 0.01) throughout the rest period after ingestion of HGI compared with LGI and Con. Plasma free fatty acid concentrations were lower ( P < 0.05) throughout exercise in HGI compared with LGI and Con. The rates of [6,6-2H]glucose appearance and disappearance were higher ( P < 0.05) at rest after ingestion and throughout exercise in HGI compared with LGI and Con. Carbohydrate oxidation was higher ( P < 0.05) throughout exercise, whereas glycogen use tended ( P = 0.07) to be higher in HGI compared with LGI and Con. No differences were observed in work output during the performance cycle when comparing the three trials. These results demonstrate that preexercise carbohydrate feeding with a HGI, but not a LGI, meal augments carbohydrate utilization during exercise but does not effect exercise performance.

Exercise throughout 6° head-down tilt bed rest preserves thermoregulatory responses

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 1817-1823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manabu Shibasaki ◽  
Thad E. Wilson ◽  
Jian Cui ◽  
Benjamin D. Levine ◽  
Craig G. Crandall
Keyword(s):  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Dynamic Exercise ◽  
Cutaneous Vasodilation ◽  
Thermoregulatory Responses ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship

Spaceflight and its bed rest analog [6° head-down tilt (HDT)] decrease plasma and blood volume and aerobic capacity. These responses may be associated with impaired thermoregulatory responses observed during exercise and passive heating after HDT exposure. This project tested the hypothesis that dynamic exercise during 13 days of HDT bed rest preserves thermoregulatory responses. Throughout HDT bed rest, 10 subjects exercised for 90 min/day (75% of pre-HDT maximum heart rate; supine). Before and after HDT bed rest, each subject exercised in the supine position at the same workload in a 28°C room. The internal temperature (Tcore) threshold for the onset of sweating and cutaneous vasodilation, as well as the slope of the relationship between the elevation in Tcore relative to the elevation in sweat rate (SR) and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC; normalized to local heating maximum), were quantified pre- and post-HDT. Tcore thresholds for the onset of cutaneous vasodilation on the chest and forearm (chest: 36.79 ± 0.12 to 36.94 ± 0.13°C, P = 0.28; forearm: 36.76 ± 0.12 to 36.91 ± 0.11°C, P = 0.16) and slope of the elevation in CVC relative to Tcore (chest: 77.9 ± 14.2 to 80.6 ± 17.2%max/°C; P = 0.75; forearm: 76.3 ± 11.8 to 67.5 ± 14.3%max/°C, P = 0.39) were preserved post-HDT. Moreover, the Tcore threshold for the onset of SR (36.66 ± 0.12 to 36.74 ± 0.10°C; P = 0.36) and the slope of the relationship between the elevation in SR and the elevation in Tcore (1.23 ± 0.19 to 1.01 ± 0.14 mg · cm-2 · min-1 · °C-1; P = 0.16) were also maintained. Finally, after HDT bed rest, peak oxygen uptake and plasma and blood volumes were not different relative to pre-HDT bed rest values. These data suggest that dynamic exercise during this short period of HDT bed rest preserves thermoregulatory responses.

An Approach to diabetic ketoacidosis in an emergency setting.

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Pitocco ◽  
Mauro Di Leo ◽  
Linda Tartaglione ◽  
Emanuele Gaetano Rizzo ◽  
Salvatore Caputo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Diabetic Complication ◽  
Emergency Setting ◽  
Online Activity

Background: Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the most commonly encountered diabetic complication emergencies. It typically affects people with type 1 diabetes at the onset of the disease. It can also affect people with type 2 diabetes, although this is uncommon. Methods: Research and online content related to diabetes online activity is reviewed. DKA is caused by a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin and elevated levels of counter regulatory hormones. Results: Goals of therapy are to correct dehydration, acidosis and to reverse ketosis, gradually restoring blood glucose concentration to near normal. Conclusion: Furthermore it is essential to monitor potential complications of DKA and if necessary, to treat them and any precipitating events.

scholarly journals Modeling the Effect of Subcutaneous Lixisenatide on Glucoregulatory Endocrine Secretions and Gastric Emptying in Type 2 Diabetes to Simulate the Effect of iGlarLixi Administration Timing on Blood Sugar Profiles

2021 ◽  
pp. 193229682110156
Author(s):  
Thibault Gautier ◽  
Rupesh Silwal ◽  
Aramesh Saremi ◽  
Anders Boss ◽  
Marc D. Breton
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Model Complexity ◽  
Evening Meal ◽  
Administration Timing

Background: As type 2 diabetes (T2D) progresses, intensification to combination therapies, such as iGlarLixi (a fixed-ratio GLP-1 RA and basal insulin combination), may be required. Here a simulation study was used to assess the effect of iGlarLixi administration timing (am vs pm) on blood sugar profiles. Methods: Models of lixisenatide were built with a selection procedure, optimizing measurement fits and model complexity, and were included in a pre-existing T2D simulation platform containing glargine models. With the resulting tool, a simulated trial was conducted with 100 in-silico participants with T2D. Individuals were given iGLarLixi either before breakfast or before an evening meal for 2 weeks and daily glycemic profiles were analyzed. In the model, breakfast was considered the largest meal of the day. Results: A similar percentage of time within 24 hours was spent with blood sugar levels between 70 to 180 mg/dL when iGlarLixi was administered pre-breakfast or pre-evening meal (73% vs 71%, respectively). Overall percent of time with blood glucose levels above 180 mg/dL within a 24-hour period was similar when iGlarLixi was administered pre-breakfast or pre-evening meal (26% vs 28%, respectively). Rates of hypoglycemia were low in both regimens, with a blood glucose concentration of below 70 mg/dL only observed for 1% of the 24-hour time period for either timing of administration. Conclusions: Good efficacy was observed when iGlarlixi was administered pre-breakfast; however, administration of iGlarlixi pre-evening meal was also deemed to be effective, even though in the model the size of the evening meal was smaller than that of the breakfast.

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