scholarly journals Neuropsychological Pattern in a Series of Post-Acute COVID-19 Patients in a Rehabilitation Unit: Retrospective Analysis and Correlation with Functional Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5917
Author(s):  
Davide Antonio Di Pietro ◽  
Laura Comini ◽  
Lidia Gazzi ◽  
Alberto Luisa ◽  
Michele Vitacca
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Barthel Index ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Complex Figure ◽  
Test Digit ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Intensive Care Unit Delirium ◽  
Frontal Functions

Intensive Care Unit delirium, insomnia, anxiety, and frontal/dysexecutive disorders have been described following COVID-19 infection. The aim of this case study was to re-evaluate the neuropsychological pattern in a series of patients with COVID-19 outcomes. We retrospectively evaluated 294 patients admitted to the Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri of Lumezzane (Brescia) (May–September 2020). Neuropsychological assessment was available for 12 patients. We extracted clinical, functional data (FIM and Barthel Index score) and neuropsychological tests (MMSE, Trail making a-b, verbal fluency test, digit span, prose memory test, Frontal Assessment Battery, clock drawing test, Rey–Osterrieth complex figure, Tower of London test). The results were analyzed by Spearman (rho) correlation. Six patients presented dysexecutive alterations even in the presence of normal overall cognitive functioning. Forward digit span score was directly correlated to FIM value at admission (p = 0.015) and inversely correlated to delta FIM (p = 0.030) and delta Barthel Index (p = 0.025). In our experience, subclinical cognitive alterations were present in 4% of patients recovering from COVID-19 pneumonia. The possible correlation between verbal memory and frontal functions, and the degree of functional impairment at admission and its subsequent improvement, underscores the importance of an adequate cognitive evaluation and rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Cognitive deficits in post-stroke aphasia

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 840-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena V. Bonini ◽  
Márcia Radanovic
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Visuospatial Skills ◽  
Trail Making

The assessment of aphasics’ cognitive performance is challenging and such patients are generally excluded from studies that describe cognitive deficits after stroke. We evaluated aphasics’ performance in cognitive tasks compared to non-aphasic subjects. A sample of 47 patients (21 aphasics, 17 non-aphasics with left hemisphere lesions and 9 non-aphasics with right hemisphere lesions) performed cognitive tasks (attention, verbal and visual memory, executive functions, visuospatial skills and praxis). Aphasic patients performed poorer than all non-aphasics in Digit Span (p < 0.001), Clock-Drawing Test (p = 0.006), Verbal memory (p = 0.002), Visual Memory (p < 0.01), Verbal Fluency (p < 0.001), and Gesture Praxis (p < 0.001). Aphasia severity correlated with performance in Trail Making test part B (p = 0.004), Digit Span forward (p < 0.001) and backwards (p = 0.011), and Gesture Praxis (p = 0.002). Aphasia is accompanied by deficits not always easy to be evaluated by cognitive tests due to speech production and motor impairments. Assessment of cognitive functions in aphasics might contribute to optimize therapeutic intervention.

Comparison of Neuropsychological Assessment by Videoconference and Face to Face

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Richard Gnassounou ◽  
Bénédicte Defontaines ◽  
Séverine Denolle ◽  
Stéphanie Brun ◽  
Raphaël Germain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Complex Figure ◽  
Selective Reminding ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessments ◽  
Figure Test ◽  
Selective Reminding Test

Abstract Objective: To compare the administration of neuropsychological tests by teleneuropsychology (TeleNP) and face to face (F-F) in order to determine the feasibility and reliability of TeleNP. Method: At the inclusion visit, all participants underwent a traditional F-F neuropsychological assessment as part of their standard care. Four months after inclusion, they were randomized to undergo an additional neuropsychological assessment either by F-F administration or by TeleNP. Results: A total of 150 adults with cognitive complaints, but with no major cognitive or sensorial impairment were included. At 4 months, 69 participants were randomized in the F-F arm and 71 in TeleNP arm (10 lost in the follow-up). The overall satisfaction was high: 87.1% in the TeleNP arm were “very satisfied”, and 82.9% indicated no preference between F-F and TeleNP. In agreement with previous data from the literature, neuropsychological assessments gave similar results across both administration conditions for a large majority of tests [Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) French version, Mahieux gestural praxis battery, Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), time of completion of the Trail making Test (TMT) A and B, number of errors of the TMT B, Rey complex figure test, categorical et phonological verbal fluency tests] and minor differences for others [80-picture naming test (DO-80), FAB, Digit Span forward and backward and number of errors in the TMT A]. Conclusions: TeleNP is a promising method to be able to test patients as an alternative to F-F condition. Before this procedure can be generalized, it is now necessary to standardize the adaptation of certain tests and to test them in populations with more significant cognitive disorders.

The Association of Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism With Cognitive Performance in Nondemented Polish Adults Aged 55 to 75

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata T. Piskunowicz ◽  
Katarzyna Linkowska ◽  
Szymon Gołota ◽  
Tomasz Grzybowski ◽  
Kornelia Kędziora-Kornatowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Auditory Memory ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Complex Figure ◽  
General Linear Model Analysis ◽  
Trail Making

The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is known as a risk factor for dementia. How APOE ε polymorphism affects cognitive performance in nondemented aging subjects remains less clear. In this study, the relationship between APOE status and cognitive performance across various cognitive domains in adults aged 55 to 75 years ( n = 74) without dementia was investigated. E4 carriers ( n = 11) performed worse versus noncarriers on forward Digit Span and delayed recall of the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure. General linear model analysis revealed a small but significant main effect of ε4 on Rey-Osterrieth complex figure delayed recall. Comparing ε2 carriers, ε3 homozygotes, and ε4 carriers, ε3/ε3 performed significantly better on Trail Making Test part B and derived score Trail Making Test B-A. The findings support the relation between the APOE ε polymorphism and visual memory, short-term auditory memory, visuospatial attention, and executive functions in an aging sample without dementia.

scholarly journals Impaired Recent Verbal Memory in Pornography-Addicted Juvenile Subjects

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pukovisa Prawiroharjo ◽  
Hainah Ellydar ◽  
Peter Pratama ◽  
Rizki Edmi Edison ◽  
Sitti Evangeline Imelda Suaidy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Complex Figure ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning ◽  
Pornography Addiction ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Figure Test

We aimed to find the differences in memory capabilities between pornography-addicted and nonaddicted juveniles. We enrolled 30 juveniles (12–16 y) consisting of 15 pornography addiction and 15 nonaddiction subjects. We used Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) to measure verbal memory, Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCFT) for visual memory, along with Trail Making Test A and B (TMT-A and TMT-B) for attention. We found a significant reduction in the RAVLT A6 result of the addiction group (nonaddiction vs addiction: 13.47 ± 2.00 vs 11.67 ± 2.44, MD = −1.80, p=0.04), but not in ROCFT or attention tests. Analysis in sex subgroups yielded no sex-specific difference. We concluded that pornography addiction may be associated with impaired recent verbal memory in juveniles, regardless of sex and without association to attention.

scholarly journals Cognitive functions in acute unilateral vestibular loss

2020 ◽  
Vol 267 (S1) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilara Aktert Ayar ◽  
Emre Kumral ◽  
Nese Celebisoy
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Line Orientation ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Vestibular Loss ◽  
Canal Paresis ◽  
Complex Figure ◽  
Visuospatial Functions ◽  
Figure Test ◽  
Orientation Test

AbstractCognitive deficits mainly involving visuospatial functions have been defined in patients with bilateral and even unilateral vestibular loss (UVL). We compared the cognitive test results of 21 patients with acute UVL with age- and education-matched healthy controls. The diagnosis of UVL was based on the clinical findings, a normal magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted sequence and canal paresis on the affected side on caloric testing. Cognitive tests assessing visuospatial functions (Benton’s Judgment of Line Orientation test, Verbal and non-verbal Cancellation tests, Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure test) and global mental status, verbal memory, learning, retention of information, and recalling (Mini Mental State Examination, Oktem Verbal Memory Process Test, Forward and Backward Digit span) were used in addition to Beck depression and Anxiety inventories. Abnormalities in verbal and non-verbal cancellation tests (p < 0.005), Benton’s Judgment of Line Orientation test (p = 0.042) and backward digit span (p = 0.029) was found. A very prominent difference regarding Beck depression (p = 0.012) and anxiety inventories (p < 0.001) was present. On multiple regression analysis, the abovementioned cognitive tests’ results lost their statistical significance (p > 0.05) when depression and anxiety scores were taken into consideration. The severity of canal paresis was found to be correlated with Benton’s Judgment of Line Orientation test (p = 0.008, r = − 0.5639) and Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure test copying scores (p = 0.029, r = − 0.477). Comparison of all the results in right- and left-sided lesions did not reveal a significant difference (p > 0.05). Vestibular patients are prone to develop anxiety, and depression. Deficits in visuospatial functions, mental manipulation, psychomotor speed and short-term memory detected in our patients with acute UVL seem to be enhanced by accompanying anxiety and depression. The extent of vestibular dysfunction was correlated with the severity of deficits in visuospatial skills. Lesion side did not cause alterations in cognitive or emotional status.

scholarly journals Test de Atención d2: Consistencia interna, estabilidad temporal y evidencias de validez/The d2 Test of Attention: Internal Consistency, Temporal Stability and Evidence of Validity

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-165
Author(s):  
Josiane Pawlowski
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Validity Evidence ◽  
Test Digit ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Effectiveness Index ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Speed Accuracy

EspañolEl objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la adecuación psicométrica del Test d2 para su uso en Costa Rica. Una muestra de 445 individuos con edades entre 18 y 47 años, 58% mujeres y 42% hombres, contestaron la prueba d2; 50 de ellos completaron la prueba una segunda vez y 40 respondieron también las pruebas Test del Trazo, Test de Colores y Palabras de Stroop, Span de Dígitos, Búsqueda de Símbolos, Claves y Cancelación. Fueron evaluadas la consistencia interna, la estabilidad temporal y las evidencias de validez basadas en relaciones con otras variables y en la estructura interna. Los puntajes más fiables fueron los siguientes: total de respuestas (TR), total de aciertos (TA), índice de efectividad en la prueba (TOT) e índice de concentración (CON), con resultados del alfa de Cronbach y de fiabilidad test-retest en el rango de .90 a .97. Las correlaciones con pruebas que evalúan atención sostenida y selectiva, velocidad de procesamiento, precisión y control inhibitorio sugieren evidencias de validez para los puntajes CON, TR, TA y O (errores de omisión). Además, el aumento de edad está relacionado a la disminución de los puntajes TA y CON, en especial. Se discuten los hallazgos respecto a la estructura factorial de la prueba. Los resultados corroboran estudios previos e indican puntajes válidos del d2 para evaluar individuos de nivel universitario de Costa Rica.EnglishIn this research, some psychometric properties of the d2 test were analyzed for its use in Costa Rica. A total of 445 participants aged between 18 and 47 years, 58% women and 42% men, completed the d2 test; a subset of 50 participants completed the test a second time, and 40 participants answered the additional tests: Trail Making Test, Stroop Test, Digit Span, Symbol Search, Coding and Cancellation. Internal consistency, temporal stability and validity evidences based on relations to other variables and based on the internal structure were evaluated. The most reliable scores were total number of responses (TR), total number of correct characters canceled (TA), effectiveness index (TOT) and concentration index (CON), with Cronbach’s Alpha results and test-retest reliability ranged from .90 to .97. Correlations with tests that evaluate sustained and selective attention, processing speed, accuracy, and inhibitory control suggest validity evidence for the CON, TR, TA, and O (omission errors) scores. In addition, aging is especially related to the decrease in TA and CON scores. The findings regarding the factorial structure of the test are discussed. The results corroborate previous studies and indicate validity evidence for d2 test scores for evaluating Costa Rican university students and graduates.

scholarly journals The Effects of Acute Stress on Memory, Attention and Cognition in Healthy Human Volunteers

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Md Monir Hossain ◽  
Shahnaz Naznin ◽  
Dolly Sen ◽  
Mahnaz Hossain Fariba
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stress ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Logical Memory ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Test Digit ◽  
Trail Making

The study was designed to investigate the effects of an acute naturalistic stressor, namely, examination of stress on memory, attention and cognition in healthy human volunteers. Fifty-three students participated in this study. All the volunteers were assessed for their neuropsychological states, which are memory, attention and cognition, during non-examination and examination period. The neuropsychological tests used in this study were- logical memory test, digit span test, letter cancellation test, trail making test and Stroop test. It was revealed that there was significant difference (p<0.05) in the score of logical memory II, backward and total score of digit span, time taken to complete letter cancellation test and score in part C of Stroop test in the exam period. The present study thus demonstrated that acute naturalistic stress improves attention while impairs delayed memory retrieval and cognition.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 20(1): 14-19, 2017

scholarly journals Impaired cognition in depression and Alzheimer (AD): a gradient from depression to depression in AD

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 671-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narahyana Bom de Araujo ◽  
Helena Sales Moraes ◽  
Heitor Silveira ◽  
Cynthia Arcoverde ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Vasques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Complex Figure ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Learning Test

Objective To assess cognition in major depressed (MD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and depression in AD elderly. Method Subjects were evaluated by Mini Mental, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Rey Complex Figure, Digit Span, Similarities, Trail Making A/B, Verbal Fluency and Stroop. One-way ANOVA and multivariate models were used to compare the performance of each group on neuropsychological tests. Results We evaluated 212 subjects. Compared to MD, attention, working memory, processing speed and recall showed significantly better in controls. Controls showed significantly higher performance in all cognitive measures, except in attention compared to AD. Verbal fluency, memory, processing speed and abstract reasoning in MD was significantly higher compared to AD. AD was significantly better in general cognitive state than depression in AD. All other cognitive domains were similar. Conclusion A decreasing gradient in cognition appeared from the control to depression in AD, with MD and AD in an intermediate position.

Younger age is a good predictor of better executive function after surgery for pituitary adenoma in adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 803-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARSTEN MÜSSIG ◽  
THOMAS LEYHE ◽  
BRITTA BESEMER ◽  
RALF SAUR ◽  
HANS-ULRICH HÄRING ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Pituitary Surgery ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Test Part ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Trail Making

AbstractPituitary adenomas, even after successful treatment, are associated with cognitive dysfunctions. We hypothesized that an association between the age of the patients at pituitary surgery and neuropsychological outcome may exist. Forty-two patients (mean age 51 ± 10 years) who had been successfully treated for pituitary adenoma (surgery with or without subsequent radiotherapy) underwent neuropsychological testing. Age at treatment (mean 37 ± 11 years) was significantly associated with Trail Making Test, Part B (TMT-B) results, a measure of executive control and attention (r = .60, p < .0001). This association remained significant after adjustment for age at testing and time since treatment (r = .42, p = .008). No associations were detected between age at treatment and Trail Making Test, Part A (TMT-A, attentional speed), the digit span test (acoustic working memory), and the German version of the Auditory Verbal Learning and Memory, and Memory Test (verbal memory, all p ≥ .3). Our data suggest a favorable effect of younger age at treatment in adults on neurocognitive outcome after surgery for pituitary adenoma. (JINS, 2009, 15, 803–806.)

scholarly journals Ongoing Oscillatory Electrophysiological Alterations in Frail Older Adults: A MEG Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Suárez-Méndez ◽  
Stefan Walter ◽  
David López-Sanz ◽  
Natalia Pasquín ◽  
Raquel Bernabé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Complex Figure ◽  
Test Digit

Objective: The role of the central nervous system in the pathophysiology of frailty is controversial. We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to search for abnormalities in the ongoing oscillatory neural activity of frail individuals without global cognitive impairment.Methods: Fifty four older (≥70 years) and cognitively healthy (Mini-Mental State Examination ≥24) participants were classified as robust (0 criterion, n = 34) or frail (≥ 3 criteria, n = 20) following Fried's phenotype. Memory, language, attention, and executive function were assessed through well-validated neuropsychological tests. Every participant underwent a resting-state MEG and a T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scan. We performed MEG power spectral analyses to compare the electrophysiological profiles of frail and robust individuals. We used an ensemble learner to investigate the ability of MEG spectral power to discriminate frail from robust participants.Results: We identified increased relative power in the frail group in the mu (p &lt; 0.05) and sensorimotor (p &lt; 0.05) frequencies across right sensorimotor, posterior parietal, and frontal regions. The ensemble learner discriminated frail from robust participants [area under the curve = 0.73 (95% CI = 0.49–0.98)]. Frail individuals performed significantly worse in the Trail Making Test, Digit Span Test (forward), Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure, and Semantic Fluency Test.Interpretation: Frail individuals without global cognitive impairment showed ongoing oscillatory alterations within brain regions associated with aspects of motor control, jointly to failures in executive function. Our results suggest that some physical manifestations of frailty might partly arise from failures in central structures relevant to sensorimotor and executive processing.

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