scholarly journals Association between Maternal Origin, Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Caesarean Section: A Nation-Wide Registry Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5938
Author(s):  
Fatou Jatta ◽  
Johanne Sundby ◽  
Siri Vangen ◽  
Benedikte Victoria Lindskog ◽  
Ingvil Krarup Sørbye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Maternal Origin ◽  
Length Of Residence ◽  
Sub Saharan

Aims: To explore the association between maternal origin and birthplace, and caesarean section (CS) by pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and length of residence. Methods: We linked records from 118,459 primiparous women in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway between 2013 and 2017 with data from the National Population Register. We categorized pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) into underweight (<18.5), normal weight (18.5–24.9) and overweight/obese (≥25). Multinomial regression analysis estimated crude and adjusted relative risk ratios (RRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for emergency and elective CS. Results: Compared to normal weight women from Norway, women from Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia/Pacific had a decreased risk of elective CS (aRRR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.37–0.87 and aRRR = 0.56, 0.41–0.77, respectively). Overweight/obese women from Europe/Central Asia had the highest risk of elective CS (aRRR = 1.42, 1.09–1.86). Both normal weight and overweight/obese Sub-Saharan African women had the highest risks of emergency CS (aRRR = 2.61, 2.28-2.99; 2.18, 1.81-2.63, respectively). Compared to women from high-income countries, the risk of elective CS was increasing with a longer length of residence among European/Central Asian women. Newly arrived migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest risk of emergency CS. Conclusion: Women from Sub-Saharan Africa had more than two times the risk of emergency CS compared to women originating from Norway, regardless of pre-pregnancy BMI.

scholarly journals Pensions, consumption and health: evidence from rural South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Lloyd-Sherlock ◽  
Sutapa Agrawal ◽  
Francesc Xavier Gómez-Olivé
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Older People ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Food Scarcity ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Food And Drink

Abstract Background Increasing numbers of older people in sub-Saharan Africa are gaining access to pension benefits and it is often claimed that these benefits promote healthy forms of consumption, which contribute to significant improvements in their health status. However, evidence to support these claims is limited. Methods The paper uses data for 2701 people aged 60 or over who participated in a population-based study in rural north-eastern South Africa. It analyses effects of receiving a pension on reported food scarcity, body mass index and patterns of consumption. Results The paper finds that living in a pension household is associated with a reduced risk of reported food scarcity and with higher levels of consumption of food and drink. The paper does not find that living in a pension household is associated with a higher prevalence of current smoking nor current alcohol consumption. However, the paper still finds that tobacco and alcohol make up over 40% of reported food and drink consumption, and that the correlation between reported food scarcity and body mass index status is imperfect. Conclusions The paper does not show significant associations between pension receipt and the selected risk factors. However, the context of prevalent obesity and high shares of household spending allocated to tobacco and alcohol call into question widely-made claims that pensions enhance healthy consumption among older people in low and middle-income countries.

scholarly journals Obstetric anal sphincter injury by maternal origin and length of residence: a nation-wide cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingvil Sorbye ◽  
Sukhjeet Bains ◽  
Siri Vangen ◽  
Johanne Sundby ◽  
Benedikte Lindskog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Maternal Origin ◽  
Length Of Residence ◽  
Sphincter Injury ◽  
Anal Sphincter Injury ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Primiparous Women

Objective: To estimate the association between maternal origin and obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI), and assess if associations differed by length of residence. Design: Population-based cohort study. Setting: The Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Population: Primiparous women with vaginal livebirth of a singleton cephalic fetus between 2008 and 2017 (n=188 658). Methods: Multivariable logistic regression models estimated aORs for OASI with 95% CI by maternal region of origin and birthplace. We stratified models on length of residence and paternal birthplace. Main outcome measures: OASI. Results: Overall 6 373 cases of OASI were identified (3.4% of total cohort). Women from South Asia were most likely to experience OASI (6.2%; aOR 2.24, 95% CI 1.93–2.60), followed by those from Southeast/East Asian/Pacific (5.7%; 1.83, 1.64–2.04), and Sub-Saharan Africa (5.2%; 1.97, 1.72–2.26), compared to women originating from Norway. Among women born in the same region, those with short length of residence in Norway (0–4 years), showed higher odds of OASI. Migrant women across most regions of origin had reduced risk of OASI if they had a Norwegian compared to foreign-born partner. Conclusions: Primiparous women from Asian regions and Sub-Saharan Africa had up to two-fold risk of OASI, compared to women originating from Norway. Migrants with short residence and those with a foreign-born partner had higher risk of OASI, implying that some of the risk differential is due to sociocultural factors. Some migrants, especially new arrivals, may benefit from special attention during labour to reduce morbidity and achieve equitable outcomes.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Maria LC Iurilli ◽  
Bin Zhou ◽  
James E Bennett ◽  
Rodrigo M Carrillo-Larco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
East And Southeast Asia ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Change In Mean

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.

scholarly journals Maternal Body Mass Index Is Strongly Associated with Children Z-Scores for Height and BMI

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pushpa Lata Tigga ◽  
Jaydip Sen
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Maternal Body ◽  
Sub Saharan

Introduction. Undernutrition continues to be a major public health problem throughout the developing world, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia including India. Limited studies suggest associations between maternal body mass index (BMI) and child nutritional status. The present study aims to determine the relationship between maternal BMI and children nutritional status. Methods. The study was conducted among 246 mothers who had given birth to single children (n=246) and belonged to the Proto-Australoid population of North Bengal, India. The anthropometric measurements of height and weight were recorded following standard procedures. Overall body composition was evaluated using BMI. Result. The results showed that overall mean BMI among mothers was 20.63±2.53 kg/m2, while those among boys and girls were 15.19±1.62 kg/m2 and 14.86±1.37 kg/m2 (p<0.001), respectively. The BMI of mothers were significantly and highly correlated with HAZ (0.709) and BMIZ (0.748) (p<0.001) of children. These are indicative of a strong genetic component between maternal and child anthropometry. Conclusion. The results indicate significant associations between mothers’ and children’s nutritional status. Assessments of body composition and nutritional status using BMI, especially among mothers and their children, are recommended.

scholarly journals Sleep Duration Determines Excess Body Mass Index among Young Adults in Surabaya

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Niwanda Yogiswara ◽  
Widati Fatmaningrum ◽  
Lilik Herawati
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lack Of Sleep ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Introduction: Lack of sleep duration is one of the risk factors that cause excess body mass index (BMI). One of the mechanisms are by regulating an increase in appetite and reducing the energy used. This study aimed to identify the relationship between sleep duration and excess BMI in young adults.Methods: This descriptive-analytic observational study with cross-sectional design was conducted on 70 respondents aged 18-25 years old. The primary outcomes measured were sleep duration and BMI. Sleep duration was grouped as <7 hours (short sleepers), and ≥7 hours. BMI was classified as 18.5-22.9 as normal, and ≥23 as excess BMI (including overweight and obesity) according to Asia-Pacific classification. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software.Results: The study showed that the prevalence of excess BMI was higher in respondents with sleep deprivation (<7 hours) of 67% compared to respondents with enough sleep of 33%. The average sleep duration was 42 minutes shorter on respondents with excess BMI with an average of 6.1 hours and 6.8 hours on normal-weight respondents. According to the results of the study, there was a significant relationship between sleep duration and excess BMI (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The study revealed that sleep duration was related with excess BMI in young adults.

EFFECT OF BODY MASS INDEX ON PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Subramanyam ◽  
Dr. P. Subhash Babu
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Group B

Obesity has become one of the major health issues in India. WHO defines obesity as “A condition with excessive fat accumulation in the body to the extent that the health and wellbeing are adversely affected”. Obesity results from a complex interaction of genetic, behavioral, environmental and socioeconomic factors causing an imbalance in energy production and expenditure. Peak expiratory flow rate is the maximum rate of airflow that can be generated during forced expiratory manoeuvre starting from total lung capacity. The simplicity of the method is its main advantage. It is measured by using a standard Wright Peak Flow Meter or mini Wright Meter. The aim of the study is to see the effect of body mass index on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate values in young adults. The place of a study was done tertiary health care centre, in India for the period of 6 months. Study was performed on 80 subjects age group 20 -30 years, categorised as normal weight BMI =18.5 -24.99 kg/m2 and overweight BMI =25-29.99 kg/m2. There were 40 normal weight BMI (Group A) and 40 over weight BMI (Group B). BMI affects PEFR. Increase in BMI decreases PEFR. Early identification of risk individuals prior to the onset of disease is imperative in our developing country. Keywords: BMI, PEFR.

Body Mass Index Impact on Disease Activity, Clinical and Sonographic Remission Rates in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-223
Author(s):  
Tanya Sapundzhieva ◽  
Rositsa Karalilova ◽  
Anastas Batalov
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Clinical Disease Activity ◽  
Das 28 ◽  
Remission Rates ◽  
Activity Indices

Aim: To investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on clinical disease activity indices and clinical and sonographic remission rates in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients and Methods: Sixty-three patients with RA were categorized according to BMI score into three groups: normal (BMI<25), overweight (BMI 25-30) and obese (BMI≥30). Thirty-three of them were treated with conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs), and 30 with biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs). Patients underwent clinical and laboratory assessment and musculoskeletal ultrasound examination (MSUS) at baseline and at 6 months after initiation of therapy. We evaluated the rate of clinical and sonographic remission (defined as Power Doppler score (PD) = 0) and its correlation with BMI score. Results: In the csDMARDs group, 60% of the normal weight patients reached DAS28 remission; 33.3% of the overweight; and 0% of the obese patients. In the bDMARDs group, the percentage of remission was as follows: 60% in the normal weight subgroup, 33.3% in the overweight; and 15.8% in the obese. Within the csDMARDs treatment group, two significant correlations were found: BMI score–DAS 28 at 6th month, rs = .372, p = .033; BMI score–DAS 28 categories, rs = .447, p = .014. Within the bDMARDs group, three significant correlations were identified: BMI score–PDUS at sixth month, rs = .506, p =.004; BMI score–DAS 28, rs = .511, p = .004; BMI score–DAS 28 categories, rs = .592, p = .001. Sonographic remission rates at 6 months were significantly higher in the normal BMI category in both treatment groups. Conclusion: BMI influences the treatment response, clinical disease activity indices and the rates of clinical and sonographic remission in patients with RA. Obesity and overweight are associated with lower remission rates regardless of the type of treatment.

scholarly journals Accuracy of Age-Based Formula to Predict the Size and Depth of Cuffed Oral Preformed Endotracheal Tubes in Children Undergoing Tonsillectomy

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132098051
Author(s):  
Matula Tareerath ◽  
Peerachatra Mangmeesri
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Insertion Depth ◽  
Endotracheal Tubes ◽  
Endotracheal Tube Size ◽  
Actual Size

Objectives: To retrospectively investigate the reliability of the age-based formula, year/4 + 3.5 mm in predicting size and year/2 + 12 cm in predicting insertion depth of preformed endotracheal tubes in children and correlate these data with the body mass index. Patients and Methods: Patients were classified into 4 groups according to their nutritional status: thinness, normal weight, overweight, and obesity; we then retrospectively compared the actual size of endotracheal tube and insertion depth to the predicting age-based formula and to the respective bend-to-tip distance of the used preformed tubes. Results: Altogether, 300 patients were included. The actual endotracheal tube size corresponded with the Motoyama formula (64.7%, 90% CI: 60.0-69.1), except for thin patients, where the calculated size was too large (0.5 mm). The insertion depth could be predicted within the range of the bend-to-tip distance and age-based formula in 85.0% (90% CI: 81.3-88.0) of patients. Conclusion: Prediction of the size of cuffed preformed endotracheal tubes using the formula of Motoyama was accurate in most patients, except in thin patients (body mass index < −2 SD). The insertion depth of the tubes was mostly in the range of the age-based-formula to the bend-to-tip distance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document