scholarly journals The Effect of Polarized Training (SIT, HIIT, and ET) on Muscle Thickness and Anaerobic Power in Trained Cyclists

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6547
Author(s):  
Paulina Hebisz ◽  
Rafał Hebisz
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Ultrasound Measurement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mountain Bike ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experimental Group

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of two different concepts in a training program on muscle thickness and anaerobic power in trained cyclists. Twenty-six mountain bike cyclists participated in the study and were divided into an experimental group (E), which performed polarized training, comprising sprint interval training (SIT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and endurance training (ET), and a control group (C), which performed HIIT and ET. The experiment was conducted over the course of 9 weeks. Laboratory tests were performed immediately before and after the conducted experiment, including an ultrasound measurement of the quadriceps femoris muscle thickness and a sprint interval testing protocol (SITP). During the SITP, the cyclists performed 4 maximal repetitions, 30 s each, with a 90-s rest period between the repetitions. SITP was performed to measure maximal and mean anaerobic power. As a result of the applied training program, the muscle thickness decreased and the mean anaerobic power increased in the experimental group. By contrast, no significant changes were observed in the control group. In conclusion, a decrease in muscle thickness with a concomitant increase in mean anaerobic power resulting from the polarized training program is beneficial in mountain bike cycling.

scholarly journals The Effects of the TPACK-P Educational Program on Teachers’ TPACK: Programming as a Technological Tool

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.34) ◽  
pp. 636
Author(s):  
Seong Won Kim ◽  
Youngjun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Content Knowledge ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Technological Tool ◽  
Experimental Group

Background/Objectives: This study examined the effects of introducing programming as a technological tool for teachers’ Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) development.Methods/Statistical Analysis: Thirty-two teachers were divided into two groups, completing different types of TPACK educational programs. The control group’s TPACK training program was based on information and communication technology (ICT), while that of the experimental group was based on programming. To verify the effectiveness of the TPACK training program, tests were administered before and after the educational program. A statistical analysis of questionnaire results also investigated changes resulting from TPACK.Findings: Both the control and experimental groups showed statistically significant improvements in the post-test compared with the pre-test. However, in the detailed areas of TPACK by group, the improvements in the two groups differed. Unlike the control group, the experimental group showed a statistically significant improvement in the knowledge related to technology. This result illustrated that programming is effective in solving the problem of integrating technology into the classroom. In contrast, there was no significant difference in the post-test, as this was applied in the short term. However, programming has been shown to affect Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK), Technological Content Knowledge (TCK), and TPACK. In summary, the results showed that a TPACK educational program based on programming is effective for teachers’ TPACK development. Keywords: TPACK, In-service teacher, Programming, TPACK-P, Educational program

scholarly journals Peningkatan Pemahaman Perawat Pelaksana dalam Penerapan Keselamatan Pasien Melalui Pelatihan Keselamatan Pasien

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Yulia ◽  
Achir Yani S Hamid ◽  
Mustikasari Mustikasari
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Safety Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hospital Control ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experimental Group

AbstrakUpaya membangun budaya keselamatan pasien memerlukan komitmen yang dipengaruhi pengetahuan perawat. Tujuan penelitianquasi experiment ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan keselamatan pasien terhadap pemahaman perawat pelaksanamengenai penerapan keselamatan pasien. Hasil penelitian pada 83 perawat pelaksana di RS XX (kelompok eksperimen) dan83 perawat pelaksana di RS XY (kelompok kontrol) menunjukkan ada perbedaan yang bermakna pemahaman perawat pelaksanasebelum dan setelah mendapatkan pelatihan pada kelompok eksperimen (p= 0,000; α= 0,05) dan tidak ada perbedaan padapemahaman perawat pelaksana sebelum dan setelah pada kelompok kontrol (p= 0,417; α= 0,05). Rumah sakit perlu melakukanprogram pelatihan keselamatan pasien secara berkelanjutan dan mengembangkan standar kinerja untuk memfasilitasi transferpengetahuan perawat.Kata Kunci: keselamatan pasien, pelatihan, pemahaman, perawat pelaksanaAbstractEfforts to build a culture of patient safety required commitment is influenced by knowledge of nurses. This quasi-experimentalstudy aimed to describe the influence of patient safety training for nursing staff’s comprehension of the implementation ofpatient safety’s procedure. Results for 83 nursing staffs XX Hospital (experimental group) and 83 nursing staffs XY Hospital(control group) showed no significant differences in understanding nursing staffs before and after receiving training in theexperimental group (p= 0.000; α= 0.05) and no difference in understanding nursing staffs before and after in the controlgroup (p= 0.417; α= 0.05). Hospitals need to make patient safety training program on an ongoing basis and develop performancestandards as a facilitation of transferred of nursing staff’s knowledge.Keywords: comprehension, nursing staffs, patient safety, training

scholarly journals Effects of a self-training program on shooting performance and kinematics in young basketball players: a case study (Efectos de un programa de autoentrenamiento sobre el rendimiento y cinemática de tiro en jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto: un caso de estu

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 256-263
Author(s):  
Pedro Grenha ◽  
José Moura ◽  
Eduardo Guimarães ◽  
Pedro Fonseca ◽  
Filipa Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Free Throw ◽  
Ball Release ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Release Height ◽  
Release Speed ◽  
Experimental Group

  The current study intended to investigate the effects of a self-training program on shooting performance and kinematics of young basketball players. Fourteen male basketball players aged 16.64±.50 years, divided in control group (n=7) and experimental group (n=7), were assessed on free-throw, two-point and three-point shooting performance and on four kinematic parameters (release height, release angle, release speed and trajectory variability), before and after a five-week training program. During the five-week period, the experimental group accomplished a shooting training program that included 600 shots per week. Both groups maintained their regular basketball practice. The results show that the experimental group significantly increased their shooting performance on three-point (p<.05) and on free-throw (p<.05). Moreover, a significant decrease in three-point ball release angle (p<.05) and a significant increase in free-throw ball release height (p<.05) were observed in the experimental group, while the control group significantly increased the two-point ball release speed (p<.05). In conclusion, self-shooting basketball practice, in addition to formal practice, significantly improves shooting performance of young basketball players. In contrast, the reduced changes on the analysed kinematic parameters caused by the self-training program are most likely a consequence of the absence of external feedback during training process.  Resumen. El propósito del presente estudio fue investigar los efectos de un programa de autoentrenamiento en el rendimiento y cinemática de tiro de jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto. Catorce jugadores de baloncesto masculinos, de 16.64±0.50 años, divididos en grupo de control (n=7) y grupo experimental (n=7), fueron evaluados en el rendimiento de tiro libre, de dos puntos y de tres puntos y en cuatro parámetros cinemáticos (altura de liberación, ángulo de liberación, velocidad de liberación y variabilidad de la trayectoria), antes y después de un programa de entrenamiento de cinco semanas. Durante el período de cinco semanas, el grupo experimental realizó un programa de entrenamiento de tiro que incluía 600 tiros por semana. Ambos grupos mantuvieron su práctica regular de baloncesto. Los resultados muestran que el grupo experimental aumentó significativamente su rendimiento en el tiro de tres puntos (p<.05) y en el tiro libre (p<.05). Además, se observó, en el grupo experimental, una disminución significativa del ángulo de liberación en el tiro de tres puntos (p<.05) y un aumento significativo de la altura de liberación en el tiro libre (p<.05), mientras que el grupo de control aumentó significativamente la velocidad de liberación en el tiro de dos pontos (p<.05). En conclusión, la autopráctica de tiro en baloncesto, además de la práctica formal, mejora significativamente el rendimiento de tiro de los jugadores jóvenes. Por el contrario, los cambios reducidos en los parámetros cinemáticos analizados son probablemente una consecuencia de la ausencia de corrección externa durante el proceso de autoentrenamiento.

scholarly journals Reducing implicit cognitive biases through the performing arts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josué García Arch ◽  
Cèlia Ventura-Gabarró ◽  
Pedro Lorente Adamuz ◽  
Pep Gatell Calvo ◽  
Lluís Fuentemilla
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implicit Biases ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Separate Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Healthy Participants

The main purpose of the present research was to test whether involvement in a 14-day training program on the performing arts could reduce implicit biases. We asked healthy participants to complete an Implicit Association Test (IAT) to assess biased attitudes to physical illness in two separate sessions, before and after the training program. A separate control group matched by age, gender and educational level completed the two IAT sessions, separated by same number of days, without being involved in the training program. Results showed that participants who were involved in the training program reduced their implicit bias towards illness measured through IAT in the second session. This reduction in IAT measures was not observed in the control sample, despite the two IAT measures being matched in temporal delay with the experimental group. These findings suggest that an interventional program based on the performing arts could be effective in reducing levels of implicit biases among the general population.

scholarly journals The Effect of Gratitude Training Program on the Gratitude Levels of University Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
Ayşe Eliüşük-bülbül
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Psychological Counseling ◽  
Sample Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Faculty Of Education ◽  
Experimental Group

In this research, the effect of gratitude training program on the gratitude levels of university students was examined. The sample group of the research consisted of 34 students studying at the Konya Necmettin Erbakan University Ereğli Faculty of Education Guidance and Psychological Counseling Department. The Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ) developed by McCullough et al. (2002) and adapted to Turkish by Yüksel and Oğuz (2012) was used for gathering the data. The scale was applied 3 times; before and after the application and 2 months after the application. A 6-week gratitude training program was applied to the experimental group. Nothing was applied to the control group. The data was generated using the SPSS program. Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon test were used in the analysis of the data. Significant differences were found in the level of gratitude of the individuals as a result of the practice.

scholarly journals Comparison of Aerobic Capacity Changes as a Result of a Polarized or Block Training Program among Trained Mountain Bike Cyclists

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8865
Author(s):  
Paulina Hebisz ◽  
Rafał Hebisz ◽  
Maja Drelak
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Mountain Bike ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Intensity Training

This study compared the effectiveness of a block training program and a polarized training program in developing aerobic capacity in twenty trained mountain bike cyclists. The cyclists were divided into two groups: the block training program group (BT) and the polarized training program group (PT). The experiment lasted 8 weeks. During the experiment, the BT group alternated between 17-day blocks consisting of dominant low-intensity training (LIT) and 11-day blocks consisting of sprint interval training (SIT), and high-intensity interval training (HIIT), while the PT group performed SIT, HIIT, and LIT simultaneously. Before and after the experiment, the cyclists performed incremental tests during which maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), maximal aerobic power (Pmax), power achieved at the first ventilatory threshold (PVT1), and at the second ventilatory threshold (PVT2) were measured. VO2max increased in BT group (from 3.75 ± 0.67 to 4.00 ± 0.75 L∙min−1) and PT group (from 3.66 ± 0.73 to 4.20 ± 0.89 L∙min−1). In addition, Pmax, PVT1, and PVT2 increased in both groups to a similar extent. In conclusion, the polarized training program was more effective in developing the VO2max compared to the block program. In terms of developing other parameters characterizing the cyclists’ aerobic capacity, the block and polarized program induced similar results.

Effect of aerobic training on the plasma ACTH response to exercise

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 2499-2501 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Buono ◽  
J. E. Yeager ◽  
A. A. Sucec
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Submaximal Work ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Adult Volunteers ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of this study was to reexamine the effect of training on plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) levels during exercise. Ten adult volunteers were split into a control and an experimental group. The experimental group participated in a 12-wk training program that resulted in a significant 11% increase in their mean maximal O2 uptake. The plasma ACTH response to a 150-W work rate was measured in both groups before and after the training program. The experimental group demonstrated a significant reduction in the ACTH response (11 vs. 4 pg/ml) to the work rate, whereas the control group demonstrated an unchanged response (16 vs. 13 pg/ml) over the course of the study. These data suggest that the ACTH response to an absolute submaximal work rate is blunted after training.

The Effects of an In-service Program upon the Attitudes of Nursing Aides

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack J. Lehman ◽  
James W. Vargo
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Disabled Persons ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Service Program ◽  
Physically Disabled ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Service Training ◽  
Nursing Aides ◽  
Experimental Group

Twenty-six female nursing aides were divided into two groups to determine whether an in-service training program would enhance their attitudes toward physically disabled geriatric patients requiring custodial care. The Attitude Toward Disabled Persons Questionnaire (ATDP) was administered to the experimental and control groups before and after the in-service training program. Each in-service program consisted of a lecture on a specific topic followed by informal discussion of patient care. Three research hypotheses were tested to evaluate the effectiveness of the in-service program in altering attitudes toward the physically disabled: (1) The experimental group would score higher on post-test than on pre-test; (2) The control group would not score higher on post-test than on pre-test; and (3) The experimental group would change more from pre-test to post-test than would the control group. All three research hypotheses were supported (the first at p<.005 and the third at p<.01). Limitations of the study and suggestions for further research were discussed.

scholarly journals The Influence of functional training on biomotor skills in girl tennis players aged 10–12

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
OKTAY ZIRHLI ◽  
NEVZAT DEMIRCI
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Functional Training ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: ‪The purpose of this study is to examine whether functional training has an impact on biomotor skills of 10–12-year-old girls. Material and methods: ‪The study involved 20 girls (10 controls and 10 subjects) – who had been playing tennis for at least 2 years. A routine tennis training program was applied to the control group of tennis players participating in the study: 4 days a week, 90 minutes a day for 8 weeks. A 2+2 training program (2 days routine and 2 days functional training) was applied to the experimental group of tennis players for 8 weeks, 4 days a week, 90 minutes a day. At the end of the training program, biomotor tests were conducted. Results: ‪There was not any significant differences when the pre-test and post-test values of the control group of tennis players who performed traditional tennis training were compared with their biomotor skills and Wingate anaerobic power (p> .05). When the pre-test and post-test values of the experimental group of tennis players with 8-week functional tennis training were compared with their biomotor skills and Wingate anaerobic power, a significant difference was found in all variables (p <0.01). Conclusions: ‪The obtained data shows that the "functional training" programs implemented together with "routine tennis training" can positively improve the biomotor characteristics of 10–12 year-old girl tennis players.

scholarly journals The Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training Periods on Morning Serum Testosterone and Cortisol Levels and Physical Fitness in Men Aged 35–40 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2143
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Ambroży ◽  
Łukasz Rydzik ◽  
Zbigniew Obmiński ◽  
Wiesław Błach ◽  
Natalia Serafin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Training Program ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Intensive physical activity largely modulates resting concentrations of blood cortisol (C) and testosterone (T) and their molar ratio, which is defined as the anabolic–catabolic index and expressed as T/C × 102. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of the author’s high-intensity training program on T, C, T/C × 102, and selected physical fitness indices in men between 35 and 40 years of age. Methods: The experiment was conducted on a group of 30 healthy men, divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group followed a high-intensity 8-week training program, which included three sessions per week, each of them lasting 1 h and consisting of intensive-interval exercises followed by strength circuit exercises. The controls did not change their previous recreational physical activity. T, C, and T/C × 102 were measured before and after the experiment for all participants. Physical performance was examined using a standardized laboratory exercise test to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Results: There were statistically significant increases in T (by 36.7%) and T/C × 102 (by 59%), while C somewhat dropped (by 12%) in the experimental group. No changes in the hormonal indices were found in the control group. After completing the experimental training, there were no statistically significant changes in aerobic capacity, but it improved muscle strength in the men studied. Conclusions: High-intensity interval training, continued over an 8-week period, modulates (significantly and positively) the balance between testosterone and cortisol levels and improves physical capacity in men aged 35–40 years.

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