scholarly journals Shame and STIs: An Exploration of Emerging Adult Students’ Felt Shame and Stigma towards Getting Tested for and Disclosing Sexually Transmitted Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7179
Author(s):  
Emily Scheinfeld
Keyword(s):  
Adult Students ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Identity Exploration ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Sexual Exploration ◽  
The U.S

Emerging adulthood is identified as a time of identity exploration, during which emerging adults (EAs) may engage in sexual exploration and risky behaviors, potentially resulting in the contraction of a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Many EAs, do not disclose their status to partners or those who can provide social support, like parents. Nor do they often get tested. This may be due to the changing status of stigma surrounding STIs. This study examines traditional measures of the stigma/shame of STI diagnoses, treatment, and testing, and their relevance alongside both increased opportunities for casual sex and not only heightened education surrounding STIs, but also heightened prevalence of STIs in the U.S. Results show EAs perceived that if their community found out they got tested, they would likely be treated differently. They also felt they would be uncomfortable disclosing an STI to parents as well as to sexual partners. However, disclosing to a monogamous partner yielded less felt shame and stigma by EAs. Lastly, stigma/shame was associated with STI communication, as well as with overall perception of STI knowledge, and getting tested. Further explanation of the results and possible implications of this study are discussed.

Emerging Adult Perceptions of and Preferences for Parenting Styles and Associated Psychological Outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 2491-2504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cliff McKinney ◽  
Janet W. Kwan
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Child Gender ◽  
Perceived Parenting ◽  
Gender Dyads

Research suggests that child perception of parenting styles may strongly influence child outcomes and parents must balance support and structure based on their emerging adult children’s changing needs. The current study examined emerging adult perceptions of parenting style in comparison with their preferences and how these characteristics interact to predict psychological problems. Significant interactions between preferred and perceived parenting style were found, several of which were further moderated by gender. Results suggest that emerging adults prefer parenting styles that grant autonomy, and males reported lower psychological problems when they also perceived such a parenting style, whereas females reported higher psychological problems. This may suggest that females experience more risky behaviors while at college when granted autonomy relative to males, thus accounting for their higher psychological problems. The current study emphasizes the ongoing impact of parental influences on emerging adult outcomes and that children’s preferences and perceptions influence parent–child gender dyads.

scholarly journals Young New Zealand women's sexual decision making in casual sex situations: A qualitative study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Cooper ◽  
Barrie Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Sexual Decision Making ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Societal Expectations

This qualitative study explores the sexual decision making (SDM) of a group of young New Zealand women who had previously participated in casual sex without a condom. In doing so, it helps address a gap in the literature of first-hand accounts of the factors that have influenced SDM related to sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk in New Zealand. Eleven women were interviewed with the intention of gaining a greater understanding of their SDM before, and in, the 'heat of the moment'. Four major themes related to SDM emerged from the data: 1) the importance of being in a relationship; 2) the influence of alcohol on SDM; 3) the power of societal expectations and the women's desire to be seen as "normal"; and 4) the sense of powerlessness many felt in negotiating condom use. The findings are discussed in relation to their relevance for sexual health promotion in the social context of New Zealand and in terms of research indicating that similar factors influence the SDM of young women in other Western countries.

Emerging Adult Sexual Behavior

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-64
Author(s):  
Sara A. Vasilenko
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Vaginal Intercourse ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Sizeable Minority

By emerging adulthood, the majority of individuals have engaged in some types of sexual behavior. However, during this period there is considerable variability and change in the prevalence of recent sexual behaviors and their relationship contexts. This chapter reviews the literature on the prevalence of multiple sexual behaviors, focusing on data from nationally representative studies where possible. Findings suggest that most emerging adults engage in behaviors such as kissing, oral sex, and vaginal intercourse during emerging adulthood, with peak prevalence of these behaviors in the late twenties or early thirties. Other behaviors, such as partnered masturbation, anal sex, and kink behaviors are also practiced by a sizeable minority of individuals. Although many individuals engage in casual sex during emerging adulthood, most instances of sexual behavior occur in relationships. Differences in sexual behavior across several subgroups are discussed, with a particular focus on gender and sexual orientation.

scholarly journals Factors Predicting Uptake of Sexually Transmitted Infections Testing among Men Who Have Sex with Men Who Are “Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Tourists”—An Observational Prospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3582
Author(s):  
Zixin Wang ◽  
Yuan Fang ◽  
Natthakhet Yaemim ◽  
Kai J. Jonas ◽  
Andrew Chidgey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Sti Testing ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

The term “Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) tourists” refers to individuals who obtain PrEP in other countries and use it in their home countries. A prospective observational cohort study was conducted among a group of men who have sex with men (MSM) who obtained PrEP in private clinics in Thailand and used it in Hong Kong. Participants completed two web-based self-administered surveys when obtaining PrEP in Thailand and three months afterwards. Out of 110 participants at baseline, 67 completed the follow-up. The prevalence of sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing was 47.8% during the follow-up period. Eleven participants received an STI diagnosis, and seven of them were incident infections in the past three months. Participants who perceived a higher chance for STI infection (adjusted odds ratios (AOR): 1.90, 95% CI: 1.00, 3.75) and reported higher intention to take up STI testing at baseline (AOR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.50) were more likely to receive STI testing during the follow-up period. Baseline perceptions that service providers would think they were having risky behaviors because of PrEP use was negatively associated with the dependent variable (AOR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.31, 0.86). Service planning and health promotion related to STI testing is needed for MSM “PrEP tourists”.

Emerging Adult Development and Substance Use Disorders

2017 ◽  
pp. 16-37
Author(s):  
Douglas C. Smith ◽  
Tara M. Dumas ◽  
Jordan P. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Identity Exploration ◽  
Developmental Processes ◽  
Additional Risk

Developmental processes influence emerging adults’ substance use. Such processes may occur both before and during the period of emerging adulthood, which lasts roughly from ages 18 to 29. This chapter begins by reviewing the prevalence of risky substance use and substance use disorders among emerging adults as well as the sequelae of such use. After a brief review of Arnett’s theory of emerging adulthood, the chapter provides an updated review of how the dimensions of emerging adulthood (i.e., identity exploration, feeling in between, self-focus, instability, optimism) are associated with substance use. Also reviewed are the additional risk factors for substance use that likely interact with these dimensions.

scholarly journals An event-level examination of successful condom negotiation strategies among young women

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 898-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Peasant ◽  
Erika A Montanaro ◽  
Trace S Kershaw ◽  
Gilbert R Parra ◽  
Nicole H Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Negotiation Strategies ◽  
Condom Negotiation ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention

This study examines the effect of condom negotiation strategies on condom use and partner type and substance use before sex as moderators of strategy effectiveness. Women reported their daily sexual behavior during the last month. Withholding sex was more strongly associated with condom use when utilized with a non-casual sex partner. Directly requesting condom use was more strongly and using deceptive reasons to influence condom use was less strongly related to condom use during substance use. Results underscore the importance of understanding the contexts in which condom negotiation strategies are successful in order to improve HIV/sexually transmitted infection prevention efforts among women.

scholarly journals Young New Zealand women's sexual decision making in casual sex situations: A qualitative study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Cooper ◽  
Barrie Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Sexual Decision Making ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Societal Expectations

This qualitative study explores the sexual decision making (SDM) of a group of young New Zealand women who had previously participated in casual sex without a condom. In doing so, it helps address a gap in the literature of first-hand accounts of the factors that have influenced SDM related to sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk in New Zealand. Eleven women were interviewed with the intention of gaining a greater understanding of their SDM before, and in, the 'heat of the moment'. Four major themes related to SDM emerged from the data: 1) the importance of being in a relationship; 2) the influence of alcohol on SDM; 3) the power of societal expectations and the women's desire to be seen as "normal"; and 4) the sense of powerlessness many felt in negotiating condom use. The findings are discussed in relation to their relevance for sexual health promotion in the social context of New Zealand and in terms of research indicating that similar factors influence the SDM of young women in other Western countries.

scholarly journals Gaps in Sexually Transmitted Infection Screening among Men who Have Sex with Men in PrEP Care in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Chandra ◽  
Kevin M. Weiss ◽  
Colleen F. Kelley ◽  
Julia L. Marcus ◽  
Samuel M. Jenness
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Error Variance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Exposure Site ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends comprehensive sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening every 3–6 months for men who have sex with men (MSM) using HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). The gaps between these recommendations and clinical practice by region have not been quantified.MethodsWe used survey data collected from the internet-based ARTnet study between 2017 and 2019 on STI screening among MSM across the U.S., stratified by current, prior, and never PrEP use. Poisson regression models with robust error variance were used to model factors, including residence in the Southeast, associated with consistent (“always” or “sometimes”) exposure site-specific STI screening during PrEP care.ResultsOf 3259 HIV-negative MSM, 19% were currently using PrEP, 6% had used PrEP in the past, and 75% had never used PrEP. Among ever PrEP users, 87%, 78%, 57%, and 64% reported consistent screening for STIs by blood sample, urine sample or urethral swab, rectal swab, or pharyngeal swab, respectively, during PrEP care. Compared to PrEP users in all other regions, PrEP users in the Southeast were significantly less likely to be consistently screened for urogenital (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76–0.98) and rectal STIs (aPR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.62–0.93) during PrEP care.ConclusionsSubstantial gaps exist between CDC recommendations for STI screening during PrEP care and current clinical practice, particularly for rectal and pharyngeal exposure sites that can harbor asymptomatic infections and for MSM in Southeast states where the STI burden is substantial.SUMMARYNearly half of U.S. men who have sex with men in PrEP care are not receiving consistent bacterial STI screening at sites of sexual exposure, and levels are worse in the Southeast region where the burden of STI is highest.

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