scholarly journals Differences in Reward Sensitivity between High and Low Problematic Smartphone Use Adolescents: An ERP Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9603
Author(s):  
Xinmei Deng ◽  
Qiufeng Gao ◽  
Lijun Hu ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Yanzhen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reward Condition ◽  
Reward Sensitivity ◽  
Social Reward ◽  
Social Feedback ◽  
Problematic Smartphone Use ◽  
Punishment Condition ◽  
Reward Positivity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Reward And Punishment

Background: Problematic smartphone use is highly prevalent in adolescent populations compared to other age groups (e.g., adults and young children). Previous studies suggested that higher levels of reward sensitivity were associated with problematic smartphone use. Therefore, the current study investigated the neural processing of monetary and social reward and punishment feedbacks between high and low problematic smartphone use adolescents. Methods: 46 adolescents participated in the current study and they were categorized into two groups based on their level of problematic smartphone use: those who obtained low scores on the measure of problematic smartphone use were categorized as Low Problematic Smartphone Use (LPSU), and those who obtained high scores on the measure of problematic smartphone use were categorized as High Problematic Smartphone Use (HPSU). Electrocortical activities were recorded during the processing of monetary and social reward and punishment feedback. Results: (1) LPSUs evoked larger P3 in the social punishment condition than in the monetary punishment condition. HPSUs evoked larger P3 in the social reward condition than in the monetary condition. (2) The feedback-related negativity (FRN) amplitudes in the reward condition were significantly larger than those in the punishment condition. (3) HPSUs induced larger reward positivity in social feedback conditions than in monetary feedback conditions, while there were no significant differences between the two types of conditions in the LPSUs. Discussion: The results provide neural underpinning evidence that high sensitivity to social rewards may be related to problematic smartphone use in adolescence.

scholarly journals Does Smartphone Addiction Fall on a Continuum of Addictive Behaviors?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Yu ◽  
Steve Sussman
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Addiction ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Gaming Addiction ◽  
Addictive Behaviors ◽  
Problematic Smartphone Use ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Current Review ◽  
The Social ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Meta Analyses

Due to the high accessibility and mobility of smartphones, widespread and pervasive smartphone use has become the social norm, exposing users to various health and other risk factors. There is, however, a debate on whether addiction to smartphone use is a valid behavioral addiction that is distinct from similar conditions, such as Internet and gaming addiction. The goal of this review is to gather and integrate up-to-date research on measures of smartphone addiction (SA) and problematic smartphone use (PSU) to better understand (a) if they are distinct from other addictions that merely use the smartphone as a medium, and (b) how the disorder(s) may fall on a continuum of addictive behaviors that at some point could be considered an addiction. A systematic literature search adapted from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method was conducted to find all relevant articles on SA and PSU published between 2017 and 2019. A total of 108 articles were included in the current review. Most studies neither distinguished SA from other technological addictions nor clarified whether SA was an addiction to the actual smartphone device or to the features that the device offers. Most studies also did not directly base their research on a theory to explain the etiologic origins or causal pathways of SA and its associations. Suggestions are made regarding how to address SA as an emerging behavioral addiction.

Predicting problematic smartphone use over time in adolescence: A latent class regression analysis of online and offline activities

2020 ◽  
pp. 146144482094880
Author(s):  
Anne-Linda Camerini ◽  
Tiziano Gerosa ◽  
Laura Marciano
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Class Membership ◽  
Problematic Smartphone Use ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Latent Class Regression ◽  
The Social ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Time Future

Despite today’s ubiquitous nature of smartphones among adolescents, little is known about behavioural online and offline longitudinal predictors of problematic smartphone use (PSU). Guided by Uses and Gratifications Theory, we applied latent class analysis on survey data collected in 2017 from a cohort of 1096 adolescents ( Mage = 12.4, SDage = 0.56) and regressed PSU measured 1 year later on class membership, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics, social desirability and autoregressive effects. We extracted four distinct classes: social-recreational onliners ( n = 228), weekend onliners ( n = 331), balanced ( n = 404) and noninvolved ( n = 153). Characterised by significantly more time spent online for recreational and social networking activities, both during weekdays and weekend days, as well as less time for sleep, the social-recreational onliners class showed significantly higher levels of PSU over time. Future studies should assess not only duration but also the frequency of daily online activities to provide further insights into behavioural predictors of PSU.

scholarly journals Problematic Smartphone Use during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Its Association with Pandemic-Related and Generalized Beliefs

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5724
Author(s):  
Meng Xuan Zhang ◽  
Juliet Honglei Chen ◽  
Kwok Kit Tong ◽  
Eilo Wing-yat Yu ◽  
Anise M. S. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Problematic Smartphone Use ◽  
Chinese Adult ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Cynicism ◽  
Smartphone Use

Smartphone technologies have played a crucial role in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic; however, the increased use of smartphones during the pandemic period may expose the general public to a higher risk of problematic smartphone use (PSU). This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of PSU among Chinese community adults and adopted a social-cognitive theory and social axiom framework to evaluate the effects of beliefs on PSU. A Chinese adult sample (N = 616) was obtained through probability sampling via a telephone survey from Macao, China and included 591 smartphone users’ data (39.4% men) for formal analysis. The prevalence of PSU was 43.3% in the overall sample, with 41.9% in women, and 45.5% in men. Two types of beliefs derived from the social-cognitive theory, pandemic-related self-efficacy and government efficacy, both showed significant and negative correlations with PSU (r = −0.13 and −0.10, p < 0.05). As for the two beliefs from the social axiom framework, reward for application was negatively correlated with PSU (r = −0.10, p < 0.05), whereas social cynicism was positively associated with PSU (r = 0.25, p < 0.001). Among those four beliefs, social cynicism exerted the most substantial effect on PSU when controlling for demographics. Our findings enriched the understanding of PSU during the pandemic and provided empirical direction regarding cognition-based intervention strategies for reducing PSU.

scholarly journals Mapping social reward and punishment processing in the human brain: A voxel-based meta-analysis of neuroimaging findings using the Social Incentive Delay task

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Martins ◽  
L. Rademacher ◽  
A. S. Gabay ◽  
R. Taylor ◽  
J. A. Richey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Social Reward ◽  
Bold Signal ◽  
Social Incentives ◽  
Delay Task ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Reward And Punishment

ABSTRACTSocial incentives (rewards or punishments) motivate human learning and behaviour, and alterations in the brain circuits involved in the processing social incentives have been linked with several neuropsychiatric disorders. However, questions still remain about the exact neural substrates implicated in social incentive processing. Here, we conducted four Anisotropic Effect Size Signed Differential Mapping voxel-based meta-analyses of fMRI studies investigating the neural correlates of the anticipation and receipt of social rewards and punishments using the Social Incentive Delay task. We map the regions involved in each of these four processes in the human brain, identify decreases in the BOLD signal during the anticipation of both social reward and punishment avoidance that were missed in individual studies due to a lack of power, and characterise the effect size and direction of changes in the BOLD signal for each brain area. Our results provide a better understanding of the brain circuitry involved in social incentive processing and can inform hypotheses about potentially disrupted brain areas linked with dysfunctional social incentive processing during disease.HighlightsVoxel-based meta-analysis of the neural underpinnings of social incentive processingWe map the brain regions involved in the processing of social incentives in humansWe identify new regions missed in individual studies as a result of lack of powerOur work can inform research on pathological brain processing of social incentives

Imaging the “social brain” in schizophrenia: A systematic review of neuroimaging studies of social reward and punishment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Mow ◽  
Arti Gandhi ◽  
Daniel Fulford
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Social Impairment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Reward ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Social Stimuli ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Reward And Punishment

Decreased social functioning and high levels of loneliness and social isolation are common in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), contributing to reduced quality of life. One key contributor to social impairment is low social motivation, which may stem from aberrant neural processing of socially rewarding or punishing stimuli. To summarize research on the neurobiology of social motivation in SSD, we performed a systematic literature review of neuroimaging studies involving the presentation of social stimuli intended to elicit feelings of reward and/or punishment. Across 11 studies meeting criteria, people with SSD demonstrated weaker modulation of brain activity in regions within a proposed social interaction network, including prefrontal, cingulate, and striatal regions, as well as the amygdala and insula. Firm conclusions regarding neural differences in SSD in these regions, as well as connections within networks, are limited due to conceptual and methodological inconsistencies across the available studies. We conclude by making recommendations for the study of social reward and punishment processing in SSD in future research.

scholarly journals Neural Response to Monetary and Social Feedback Demonstrate Differential Associations with Depression and Social Anxiety

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brady D Nelson ◽  
Johanna M Jarcho
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Neural Response ◽  
Differential Association ◽  
Social Feedback ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Reward Positivity ◽  
Monetary Rewards ◽  
Social Tasks ◽  
Positive And Negative Feedback ◽  
Trial Structure

Abstract An aberrant neural response to rewards has been linked to both depression and social anxiety. Most studies have focused on the neural response to monetary rewards, and few have tested different modalities of reward (e.g., social) that are more salient to particular forms of psychopathology. In addition, most studies contain critical confounds, including contrasting positive and negative feedback and failing to disentangle being correct from obtaining positive feedback. In the present study, 204 participants underwent electroencephalography during monetary and social feedback tasks that were matched in trial structure, timing, and feedback stimuli. The reward positivity (RewP) was measured in response to correctly identifying stimuli that resulted in monetary win, monetary loss, social like, or social dislike feedback. All monetary and social tasks elicited a RewP, which were positively correlated. Across all tasks, the RewP was negatively associated with depression and positively associated with social anxiety. The RewP to social dislike feedback, independent of monetary and social like feedback, was also associated with social anxiety. The present study suggests that a domain-general neural response to correct feedback demonstrates a differential association with depression and social anxiety, but a domain-specific neural response to social dislike feedback is uniquely associated with social anxiety.

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