scholarly journals Assessing Self-Efficacy and Communication Regarding Sexual Agreements among Men Who Have Sex with Men in the USA: Development and Validation of Two Novel Scales

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9727
Author(s):  
Torsten B. Neilands ◽  
Deepalika Chakravarty ◽  
Lynae A. Darbes ◽  
Nathan P. O’Brien ◽  
Ilse S. Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Scale Validation ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Sexual Agreements ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Sex With Men

HIV disproportionately impacts men who have sex with men (MSM) in the USA. Building upon research on relationship constructs unique to MSM couples’ HIV-prevention needs, we developed two new scales measuring sexual agreement self-efficacy (SASE) and importance of sexual agreement communication (ISAC). Following qualitative item development, we used two large independent samples of MSM couples (N1 = 441, N2 = 388) to conduct scale validation. Exploratory factor analyses indicated both SASE and ISAC to be unidimensional with 7 and 5 items (eigenvalues = 5.68 and 3.50), respectively, with strong factor loadings. Confirmatory factor analyses yielded satisfactory model fit for SASE (CFI = 0.99; SRMR = 0.03) and ISAC (CFI = 0.99; SRMR = 0.05). Reliability was high for SASE (ω = 0.92) and ISAC (ω = 0.84). Predictive validity analysis revealed a protective association between higher scores on both scales and the outcomes of sexual risk behavior and agreement breaks. Convergent and discriminant validity analyses demonstrated associations in the expected directions between these scales and multiple measures of relationship quality. Therefore, SASE and ISAC are two brief, valid, and reliable scales that can facilitate more in-depth explorations of sexual agreements in MSM and thereby contribute greatly to improving our understanding of and ability to intervene on sexual agreements to improve health and relationship outcomes.

The Development and Validation of a Scale Measuring Postgraduate School Application Self-Efficacy

2020 ◽  
pp. 106907272097440
Author(s):  
Meaghan K. Rowe-Johnson ◽  
Alex Rice ◽  
Saba R. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Education ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Development And Validation

This study introduces a new construct to the literature that may impact students’ entrance into postgraduate programs: postgraduate school application self-efficacy. Although previous scholars have explored the admissions processes for a variety of disciplines and have developed a measure for graduate education self-efficacy, no measure has been developed to assess postgraduate school application self-efficacy (PSASE). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop and validate a measure of 423 undergraduate students’ PSASE. Parallel analyses, exploratory factor analyses, and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to determine the underlying factor structure of the PSASE scale. Reliability and correlational analyses were also conducted to assess convergent and discriminant validity. Results revealed a conceptually interpretable, 16-item, four-factor solution that accounted for 80.88% of the total variance. Correlational analyses with graduate education self-efficacy and self-esteem provided evidence of convergent and discriminant validity for the PSASE subscales. Implications and future directions were explored.

Parental stress among Norwegian fathers and mothers: Similarities and differences

2021 ◽  
pp. 026540752110497
Author(s):  
Silje S. Hukkelberg ◽  
Ane Nærde
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Multimethod Approach ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Although fathers are increasingly involved in childrearing, less is known about how parental stress is perceived among mothers and fathers separately. The present study investigated the construct validity of the PSS in a community-based sample of Norwegian father–mother dyads with a child aged 4. A total of 1030 mothers and fathers ( N = 515 dyads) responded to the PSS, which is a much used instrument that assesses stress related to childrearing across 18 items. Construct validity was investigated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and the multitrait–multimethod approach (MTMM). The results revealed that six of the items showed extensive ceiling-effects for both parents, and were excluded from further analysis. Dimensionality was examined for the remaining 12 PSS items. The results supported a two-factor solution for both fathers and mothers, reflecting parental stressors (9 items) and lack of rewards (3 items). The MTMM approach indicated convergent and discriminant validity across traits (Parental stressors and Lack of rewards) and methods (father vs mother rating). We also explored the network of PSS items for mothers and fathers, and found both similarities and differences. Overall, the results of the factor analyses have implications for the use of the PSS. The networks of PSS suggest that some items may be especially important when addressing parental stress with mothers and fathers.

scholarly journals Further Validation of Workplace Spirituality Scale in an Eastern Context

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Kumar Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Workplace Spirituality ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Business And Management

Several scales for measuring workplace spirituality (WPS) are available. However, a majority of the available scales were developed in the Western context that may not be generalizable in an Eastern context. Petchsawang and Duchon (2009) developed a 22-item, four dimensional WPS scale with a sample from an Eastern Buddhist-centric culture for capturing WPS in an Eastern context. The purpose of this study was to assess the generalizability, dimensionality, and convergent and discriminant validity of this scale in another Eastern context, which has a strong tradition of Hindu culture. Confirmatory Factor Analyses were conducted on the data collected from 211 individuals, and results supported the four dimensions of the scale. Other statistical analyses demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity of the scale. Limitations of the study are highlighted, and suggestions for future research are discussed.Journal of Business and Management Studies Vol.1(1) 2016: 1-13

Convergent and Discriminant Validity of Assessment Center Dimensions: A Conceptual and Empirical Reexamination of the Assessment Center Construct-Related Validity Paradox

2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winfred Arthur ◽  
David J. Woehr ◽  
Robyn Maldegen
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Generalizability Theory ◽  
Assessment Center ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

This study notes that the lack of convergent and discriminant validity of assessment center ratings in the presence of content-related and criterion-related validity is paradoxical within a unitarian framework of validity. It also empirically demonstrates an application of generalizability theory to examining the convergent and discriminant validity of assessment center dimensional ratings. Generalizability analyses indicated that person, dimension, and person by dimension effects contribute large proportions of variance to the total variance in assessment center ratings. Alternately, exercise, rater, person by exercise, and dimension by exercise effects are shown to contribute little to the total variance. Correlational and confirmatory factor analyses results were consistent with the generalizability results. This provides strong evidence for the convergent and discriminant validity of the assessment center dimension ratings–a finding consistent with the conceptual underpinnings of the unitarian view of validity and inconsistent with previously reported results. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

Self‐consciousness scales for adults and children: Reliability, validity, and theoretical significance

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Structure Reliability ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses

The present article reports the factor structure, reliability and validity of Fenigstein et al.'s (1975) Self‐Consciousness Scale (SCS) using British respondents from five samples of undergraduate students, two of 17‐year‐old school pupils, one of 13‐year‐old pupils, and one of 11‐year‐old pupils. Confirmatory factor analyses reproduced in most samples a 3‐factor structure consistent with the SCS subscales, although exploratory factor analyses suggested the Private subscale consists of several subfactors. Concordantly, alpha reliability coefficients were higher for Social Anxiety and Public than for Private, respectively. Test–retest reliability was reasonable for Social Anxiety, but poorer for Public and Private. In line with correlations found by other researchers, that between Public and Private Self‐consciousness was r = 0.33. Both of these subscales correlated positively with Neuroticism. Nevertheless, public and private were considered to be distinguishable constructs. In contrast, Social Anxiety correlated highly positively with Introversion and Neuroticism, and negatively with Self‐Esteem, indicating poor discriminant validity. Exploratory factor analyses of scales designed for young adolescents yielded recognizable private and public factors, with the predominance of a Private factor among 11‐year olds, but of a Public factor among 13‐year olds. Finally, conceptual problems surrounding the private–public distinction are articulated in relation to (a) similar alternative constructs, and (b) Tajfel and Turner's (1979) concept of social identity.

A Measure of Variations in Internal Social Capital among Family Firms

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1207-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon C. Carr ◽  
Michael S. Cole ◽  
J. Kirk Ring ◽  
Daniela P. Blettner
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Drawing on the social capital literature, this study develops a new measure to assess the internal social capital using a sample of family firms and its effect on economic and noneconomic performance. We collected data from two independent samples to explore the importance of family businesses’ internal social capital as assessed by a new instrument—the internal social capital among family business (ISC–FB). Results from confirmatory factor analyses, convergent and discriminant validity assessments, and predictive and incremental validity offered support for the ISC–FB's construct validity. Finally, we cross–validated the hypothesized factor structure with a second sample of family firms. Implications and future research using this measure are proposed.

The Convergent Validity of Two Burnout Instruments

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelia Demerouti ◽  
Evangelia Demerouti ◽  
Arnold B. Bakker ◽  
Ioanna Vardakou ◽  
Aristotelis Kantas
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
General Survey ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Oldenburg Burnout Inventory

Summary This study examined the factorial and convergent validity of the OLdenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey (MBI-GS) among 232 Greek employees from different occupational groups (e. g., banking and insurance, chemical industry). Results of confirmatory factor analyses supported the proposed factor structure for both instruments. In addition, the convergent and discriminant validity of the OLBI and MBI-GS was supported by the results of multitrait-multimethod analyses. Since the OLBI subscales contain both positively and negatively phrased items, it is suggested to increase the psychometric properties of the MBI-GS by including the positively phrased items of the OLBI.

Development and Validation of the Internet Gratification Scale for Adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amandeep Dhir ◽  
Sufen Chen ◽  
Marko Nieminen
Keyword(s):  
Information Seeking ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Uses And Gratification ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Development And Validation

The proliferation of Internet usage has motivated Internet researchers and practitioners to study possible gratifications underlying Internet use. Despite the fact that research examining Internet gratification is more than two decades old, no attempt has been made in the last decade to develop an instrument that has known reliability of scores and validity of inferences to examine the various Internet gratifications. To bridge this gap, the present study has estimated the reliability of scores and validity of inferences of a 27-item instrument, examining different Internet uses and gratification (U&G) among 1,914 adolescent Internet users. The development and validation process involved exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, examination of convergent and discriminant validity, and other measures of construct validity and reliability. The factor analyses revealed a six-factor structure, representing six Internet gratifications, namely, information seeking, exposure, connection, coordination, entertainment, and social influence. This instrument exhibits excellent internal reliability. The practical and theoretical contributions of this instrument are also presented.

Gender Differences in the Construct Validity of the Silencing the Self Scale

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna L. Remen ◽  
Dianne L. Chambless ◽  
Thomas L. Rodebaugh
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
The Self ◽  
Latent Structure ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Limited Support

Gender differences in the construct validity of Jack's (1991) Silencing the Self Scale (STSS) were assessed using 187 female and 169 male undergraduates. Results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed gender differences in the scale's latent structure and at best provided only limited support for the validity of the scale's four subscales for women. Among men, the studies exposed a weakness in the scale's construct validity and provided insights into possible alternative interpretations made by men when responding to the scale's items. Convergent and discriminant validity of the scale were assessed by correlating it with measures of neuroticism and attachment. Whereas the construct validity of the STSS for use with women was supported, evidence was weaker for men. For men, data suggest that the STSS, in part, taps a motive to avoid intimacy and relationship situations that limit one's sense of independence and autonomy, a construct incongruous with Jack's notion of self-silencing.

Identification and Utility of a Short Form of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist-Youth Self-Report (PSC-17-Y)

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Paul Bergmann ◽  
Cara Lucke ◽  
Theresa Nguyen ◽  
Michael Jellinek ◽  
John Michael Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Symptom Checklist ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Youth Self Report ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Pediatric Symptom Checklist ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses

Abstract. The Pediatric Symptom Checklist-Youth self-report (PSC-Y) is a 35-item measure of adolescent psychosocial functioning that uses the same items as the original parent report version of the PSC. Since a briefer (17-item) version of the parent PSC has been validated, this paper explored whether a subset of items could be used to create a brief form of the PSC-Y. Data were collected on more than 19,000 youth who completed the PSC-Y online as a self-screen offered by Mental Health America. Exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) were first conducted to identify and evaluate candidate solutions and their factor structures. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were then conducted to determine how well the data fit the candidate models. Tests of measurement invariance across gender were conducted on the selected solution. The EFAs and CFAs suggested that a three-factor short form with 17 items is a viable and most parsimonious solution and met criteria for scalar invariance across gender. Since the 17 items used on the parent PSC short form were close to the best fit found for any subsets of items on the PSC-Y, the same items used on the parent PSC-17 are recommended for the PSC-Y short form.

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