scholarly journals How Do Air Quality Issues Caused by Particulate Matter Affect Consumers’ Emotional Response to Tourism Destinations and Willingness to Visit?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10364
Author(s):  
Jongsik Yu ◽  
Kyeongheum Lee ◽  
Antonio Ariza-Montes ◽  
Alejandro Vega-Muñoz ◽  
Heesup Han
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
New York ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Tourism Destination ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Tourism Destinations

This study identifies the perceived risk factors of particulate matter (PM) and the effect of the perceived risk factors of PM on the relationship between tourists’ trust and aspiration regarding the tourist destination, the customer return on investment, and the willingness to visit a tourism destination. Accordingly, this study discussed the severity of PM, which plays a key role in causing air quality issues, and classified the factors for perceived risk of PM into physical, psychological, financial, functional, and time risks to verify its effect on consumers’ emotional response and willingness to visit. Data collection for empirical analysis took place in April 2021 for two weeks. A total of 285 significant data points were obtained on tourists with travel experience in the past year. The demographic characteristics were confirmed using SPSS 22.0 (IBM, New York, NY, USA) and AMOS 22.0 (IBM, New York, NY, USA), and the measurement and structural models were verified through a confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling, respectively. The empirical analysis showed that the perceived risk of PM has a negative effect on trust in the tourism destination and desire for it, and the behavioral intention of customers. Furthermore, alternative attractiveness was found to play a significant moderating role. The results of this study proved the negative effect of PMs on tourism destinations and provided implications and insights to present a meaningful strategy for minimizing PMs’ perceived risk.

scholarly journals Particulate matter air pollution offsets ozone damage to global crop production

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke D. Schiferl ◽  
Colette L. Heald
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Diffuse Radiation ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Pollution Exposure

Abstract. Ensuring global food security requires a comprehensive understanding of environmental pressures on food production, including the impacts of air quality. Surface ozone damages plants and decreases crop production; this effect has been extensively studied. In contrast, the presence of particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere can be beneficial to crops given that enhanced light scattering leads to a more even and efficient distribution of photons which can outweigh total incoming radiation loss. This study quantifies the impacts of ozone and PM on the global production of maize, rice, and wheat in 2010 and 2050. We show that accounting for the growing season of these crops is an important factor in determining their air pollution exposure. We find that the effect of PM can offset much, if not all, of the reduction in yield associated with ozone damage. Assuming maximum sensitivity to PM, the current (2010) global net impact of air quality on crop production is positive (+6.0 %, +0.5 %, and +4.9 % for maize, wheat, and rice, respectively). Future emissions scenarios indicate that attempts to improve air quality can result in a net negative effect on crop production in areas dominated by the PM effect. However, we caution that the uncertainty in this assessment is large due to the uncertainty associated with crop response to changes in diffuse radiation; this highlights that more detailed physiological study of this response for common cultivars is crucial.

Particulate Matter in Ambient Air

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhold Görgen ◽  
Udo Lambrecht
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Time Extension ◽  
The Eu

AbstractNumerous studies have demonstrated the negative effect of particulate matter on human health. The EU therefore introduced ambitious limit values for particulate matter (PM10) in ambient air as early as 1999: an annual limit and a daily limit that can be exceeded on up to 35 days a year. These values are binding since 2005. The daily limit is still exceeded in many cities throughout Europe. Heated debates on the future of the daily limit are taking place at all levels of the EU in the context of the negotiations on the Commission's proposal on a new Air Quality Directive. Suggestions range from allowing a compliance time extension to increasing the number of days the daily limit can be exceeded, and abolition of the daily limit value. The deliberations have not yet been concluded, but the decisive European institutions have voiced support for keeping the daily limit while at the same time extending the compliance deadline. In this article, we will make the point that the problem can most probably be solved by allowing a compliance extension of around 5 years after the new directive enters into force. This would give the competent local authorities and the EU the time necessary to intensify their measures in order to comply with the daily limit in most areas where it is currently exceeded. An increase in the number of days the limit values may be exceeded, as called for by the European Parliament (EP), would therefore amount to an unnecessary lowering of the limit value.

scholarly journals Particulate matter air pollution may offset ozone damage to global crop production

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 5953-5966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke D. Schiferl ◽  
Colette L. Heald
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Diffuse Radiation ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Pollution Exposure

Abstract. Ensuring global food security requires a comprehensive understanding of environmental pressures on food production, including the impacts of air quality. Surface ozone damages plants and decreases crop production; this effect has been extensively studied. In contrast, the presence of particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere can be beneficial to crops given that enhanced light scattering leads to a more even and efficient distribution of photons which can outweigh total incoming radiation loss. This study quantifies the impacts of ozone and PM on the global production of maize, rice, and wheat in 2010 and 2050. We show that accounting for the growing season of these crops is an important factor in determining their air pollution exposure. We find that the effect of PM can offset much, if not all, of the reduction in yield associated with ozone damage. Assuming maximum sensitivity to PM, the current (2010) global net impact of air quality on crop production varies by crop (+5.6, −3.7, and +4.5 % for maize, wheat, and rice, respectively). Future emissions scenarios indicate that attempts to improve air quality can result in a net negative effect on crop production in areas dominated by the PM effect. However, we caution that the uncertainty in this assessment is large, due to the uncertainty associated with crop response to changes in diffuse radiation; this highlights that a more detailed physiological study of this response for common cultivars is crucial.

scholarly journals Which Risk Factors Matter More for Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic? An Application Approach of Gradient Boosting Decision Trees

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5879
Author(s):  
Yiyi Chen ◽  
Ye Liu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Health Risk Factors ◽  
Objective Risk ◽  
Direct Distance

Background: A growing body of scientific literature indicates that risk factors for COVID-19 contribute to a high level of psychological distress. However, there is no consensus on which factors contribute more to predicting psychological health. Objectives: The present study quantifies the importance of related risk factors on the level of psychological distress and further explores the threshold effect of each rick factor on the level of psychological distress. Both subjective and objective measures of risk factors are considered in the model. Methods: We sampled 937 individual items of data obtained from an online questionnaire between 20 January and 13 February 2020 in China. Objective risk factors were measured in terms of direct distance from respondents’ housing to the nearest COVID-19 hospital, direct distance from respondents’ housing to the nearest park, and the air quality index (AQI). Perceived risk factors were measured in regard to perceived distance to the nearest COVID-19 hospital, perceived air quality, and perceived environmental quality. Psychological distress was measured with the Kessler psychological distress scale K6 score. The following health risk factors and sociodemographic factors were considered: self-rated health level, physical health status, physical activity, current smoker or drinker, age, gender, marital status, educational attainment level, residence location, and household income level. A gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) was used to analyse the data. Results: Health risk factors were the greatest contributors to predicting the level of psychological distress, with a relative importance of 42.32% among all influential factors. Objective risk factors had a stronger predictive power than perceived risk factors (23.49% vs. 16.26%). Furthermore, it was found that there was a dramatic rise in the moderate level of psychological distress regarding the threshold of AQI between 40 and 50, and 110 and 130, respectively. Gender-sensitive analysis revealed that women and men responded differently to psychological distress based on different risk factors. Conclusion: We found evidence that perceived indoor air quality played a more important role in predicting psychological distress compared to ambient air pollution during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Perceived Risk Factors Affect Intention To Use FinTech

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-463
Author(s):  
Kin Leong Tang ◽  
Chee Keong Ooi ◽  
Jia Bao Chong
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Effect

Objective: Studies show there is a high acceptance of FinTech development in Malaysia. However, the perceived risk factors that hinder a user's intention to use FinTech remains vague. Research on perceived risk is limited, especially the use of FinTech in the context of Malaysia. Therefore, this study aims to narrow the gap in perceived risk factors of FinTech. Methodology: A total of 302 participants participated in the study. Collected data and hypotheses were tested using the method of structural equation modelling. Results: It is found that three of the four dimensions of financial risk, legal risk and operational risk have a significant negative impact on the intention to use FinTech. The findings found that security risks do not have a significant negative effect on the intention to use FinTech. This result is consistent with the finding that Malaysian consumers' perception of e-payment is not significantly related to perceived security. Implication: The results help practitioners better conceptualise and reduce risk barriers in preparing for the disruption of FinTech. Practitioners are also advised to pay attention to FinTech's operational skills and system functional performance in FinTech services.

scholarly journals Image and Risk Perception of Mozambique as a Tourism Destination: A Segmentation Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10(6)) ◽  
pp. 1828-1847
Author(s):  
Mariamo Amade Abdula ◽  
Zélia Breda ◽  
Celeste Eusébio
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Destination Image ◽  
Tourism Destination ◽  
The World ◽  
Tourism Destinations ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Practical Implications

Tourism has been recognised as one of the main industries in the world. It creates opportunities for developing tourism destinations; however, it also requires adaptation to new challenges in constant evolution. In this context, there is a continuous need to identify and explore new tourism markets, take advantage of emerging opportunities, and create products that offer innovative and differentiating tourism experiences. Mozambique is betting on the development of tourism as a factor of economic and territorial dynamism. This article aims to present a destination image-based segmentation study of potential visitors to Mozambique. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of 382 potential visitors to Mozambique. The application of a hierarchical cluster analysis based on the perceived destination image allowed the identification of three clusters: “nostalgic”, “destination lovers”, and “concerned”. The results highlight differences in terms of perceived risk and intentional behaviour among the clusters identified. The paper ends with important practical implications to improve the image of Mozambique as a tourism destination.

scholarly journals Development and Assessment of Spatially Continuous Predictive Algorithms for Fine Particulate Matter in New York State

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Sam Lightstone ◽  
Barry Gross ◽  
Fred Moshary ◽  
Paulo Castillo
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
New York State ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
York State ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Ground Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Stations

Health risks connected with fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollutants are well documented; increased risks of asthma, heart attack and heart failure are a few of the effects associated with PM2.5. Accurately forecasting PM2.5 is crucial for state agencies directed to devise State Implementation Plans (SIPS) to deal with National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) exceedances. In previous work, we explored the application of multi-temporal data-driven neural networks (NNs) to forecasting PM2.5. Our work showed that under different input conditions, the NN approach achieves higher forecasting scores for local (12 km) resolution when compared to the other Chemical Transport Model forecast models, such as the Community Multi-Scale Air Quality system (CMAQ). Critical to our approach was the inclusion of prior PM2.5 concentrations, retrieved from ground monitoring stations, as part of the input dataset for the NN. The NN approach can provide high-level forecasting accuracy; however, because of the dependency on ground monitoring stations, the forecast coverage is sparse. Here, we extend our previous station-specific efforts by forecasting hourly PM2.5 values that are spatially continuous through the use of a deep neural network (DNN). The DNN approach combines spatial Kriging with additional local source variables to interpolate the measured PM2.5 concentrations across non-station locations. These interpolated PM2.5 values are used as inputs in the original forecasting NN. Cross-validation testing, using all New York State AirNow PM2.5 stations, showed that this forecast approach achieves accurate results, with a regression coefficient (R2) of 0.59, and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.22 . Additionally, herein we demonstrate the usefulness of this approach on specific temporal events where significant dynamics of PM2.5 were observed; particularly, we show that even bias-corrected CMAQ forecasts do not track these transients and our NN method.

scholarly journals What can Tourism Destination Management do in Health Tourism Destinations? – An Empirical Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Bacsi ◽  
Ernő Kovács ◽  
Zsuzsanna Lőke ◽  
Krisztián Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Tourism Destination ◽  
Health Tourism ◽  
Tourism Destinations
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