The Fire and Explosion Hazard of Coloured Powders Used during the Holi Festival

During the world-famous Holi festival, people throw and smear each other with a colored powder (Holi color, Holi powder, Gulal powder). Until now, adverse health and environmental effects (skin and eye irritation, air pollution, and respiratory problems) have been described in the available literature. However, the literature lacks data on the flammable and explosive properties of these powders during mass events, despite the fact that burns, fires, and explosions during the Holi festival have taken place many times. The aim of the article is to present the fire and explosion parameters of three currently used Holi dust and cornflour dust types as reference dust. The minimum ignition temperature of the dust layer and dust cloud, the maximum explosion pressure and its maximum rate of growth over time, the lower explosion limit, the limit of oxygen concentration, and the minimum ignition energy were determined. Tests confirmed that the currently available Holi powders should be classified as flammable dusts and low-explosive dusts. The likelihood of a fire or explosion during mass incidents involving a Holi dust-air mixture is high.

Download Full-text

Analysis of susceptibility of inflammable tobacco products dust to ignition from a heated surface

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201824700005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 247 ◽

pp. 00005

Author(s):

Marzena Półka

Keyword(s):

Ignition Temperature ◽

Heated Surface ◽

Dust Cloud ◽

Tobacco Product ◽

Explosion Hazard ◽

Structural Elements ◽

Tobacco Products ◽

Dust Layer ◽

Safety Requirements ◽

Fire And Explosion

In the article was described combustible properties of tobacco product dust. Those properties decide about fire and explosion hazard for dust in layer and in cloud according to PN-EN 50281-2-1:2002 and PN-EN ISO/IEC 80079-20-2. There were determined protection against fire and explosion requirements of buildings structural elements and appliances used in space where dust accumulates. The article also consists safety requirements of using appliances in explosion hazard areas according to PN-EN 60079-14:2014. In the article are presented results of minimal ignition temperature of layer (MITL) and minimal ignition temperature of cloud dust (MTCD) as a function of dust layer thickness of chosen tobacco product and values of maximum acceptable surface temperature (MAST) of machines operating in the presence of dust cloud and chosen dust layer with thickness of 5 and 12.5mm.

Download Full-text

Variation of ignition sensitivity characteristics of non-stick coal dust explosions

International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies ◽

10.1093/ijlct/ctaa046 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Di Sha ◽

Yucheng Li ◽

Xihua Zhou ◽

Ruiqing Li

Keyword(s):

Ignition Temperature ◽

Coal Dust ◽

Dust Cloud ◽

Particle Sizes ◽

Ignition Energy ◽

Minimum Ignition Energy ◽

Dust Layer ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Minimum Ignition Temperature ◽

Dust Explosions

Abstract The ignition and explosion of coal dust are significant hazards in coal mines. In this study, the minimum ignition temperature and energy of non-stick coal dust were investigated empirically at different working conditions to identify the key factors that influence the sensitivity and characteristics of coal dust explosions. The results showed that for a given particle size, the minimum ignition temperature of the coal dust layer was inversely related to the thickness of the coal dust layer. Meanwhile, when the layer thickness was kept constant, the minimum ignition temperature of the coal dust layer decreased with smaller coal dust particle sizes. Over the range of particle sizes tested (25–75 μm), the minimum ignition temperature of the coal dust cloud gradually increased when larger particles was used. At the same particle size, the minimum ignition temperature of the coal dust layer was much lower than that of the coal dust cloud. Furthermore, the curves of minimum ignition energy all exhibited a minimum value in response to changes to single independent variables of mass concentration, ignition delay time and powder injection pressure. The interactions of these three independent variables were also examined, and the experimental results were fitted to establish a mathematical model of the minimum ignition energy of coal dust. Empirical verification demonstrated the accuracy and practicability of the model. The results of this research can provide an experimental and theoretical basis for preventing dust explosions in coal mines to enhance the safety of production.

Download Full-text

Assessment of explosion risk for wood dust in a ventilation-dust separation installation, by determining the concentration of total dust in suspension inside of the installation

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/202235400006 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 354 ◽

pp. 00006

Author(s):

Marius Kovacs ◽

Lorand Toth ◽

Sorin Simion

Keyword(s):

Textile Industry ◽

Wood Products ◽

Wood Dust ◽

Explosion Hazard ◽

Minimum Ignition Energy ◽

Bag Filter ◽

Cloud Particle ◽

Measured Concentration ◽

Explosion Pressure ◽

Explosion Limit

Most of combustible dusts present both fire and explosion hazard. Explosion may occur at certain concentrations of dust mixed with air and in the presence of an ignition source. The threat posed by this real danger was confirmed by the events that took place in economic units such as: feed factories, wood products, textile industry, steel, etc. Among the parameters of explosiveness of combustible dust, which can cause an explosion, we mention: maximum explosion pressure, lower explosion limit, explosive index, minimum ignition energy, electrical resistivity of dust, minimum ignition temperature of dust layer and cloud, particle size and concentration of dust in suspension. The current paper presents the results of determinations of combustible wood dust concentrations, performed at an important economic unit, manufacturing veneer and wood panels, at a dusting ventilation installation composed of fan, cyclone and textile filter. These determinations were made in the pipe connecting the fan and the bag filter, to assess possible danger of explosion in the pipe, by relating the measured concentration to the lower explosion limit (concentration of wood dust).

Download Full-text

Influence of structural and textural features of ores and rocks on mine dust explosion hazard during development of pyrite deposits

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202019203017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 192 ◽

pp. 03017

Author(s):

Marina Rylnikova ◽

Viktor Fedotenko ◽

Natalia Mitishova

Keyword(s):

Sulfur Content ◽

Underground Mining ◽

Environmental Safety ◽

Ore Deposits ◽

Dust Explosion ◽

Explosion Hazard ◽

Mining Operations ◽

Mine Dust ◽

Mining Works ◽

Explosive Properties

In the practice of mining works, sulfide-dust explosions often occur during underground development of pyrite ore deposits: copper-zinc, lead-zinc, copper-nickel, antimony, and others. This makes it necessary to conduct researches aimed at improvement of methods for studying the explosive properties of sulfide dust and development of industrial and environmental safety requirements for mining operations. Currently, there is no generally accepted state-approved regulatory procedure for assessment of sulfide dust explosion hazards during underground mining operations in Russia. Assessment of the type and concentration of mine sulfide dust in the underground mine atmosphere is vitally important for solving this problem. In practice, ores even with a sulfur content of less than 35% can constitute a sulfide dust explosion hazard, although mine dust with a sulfur content of less than 35% does not explode in laboratory conditions. To identify the cause of this phenomenon and develop technical solutions for ensuring safety of underground mining operations, change in the sulfur content of various mine dust fractions obtained from primary disintegration of sulfides was studied.

Download Full-text

Sensitivity to ignition by electrostatic discharge of explosive dust / air

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201929012011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 290 ◽

pp. 12011 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dan Gabor ◽

Emilian Ghicioi ◽

Mihaela Părăian ◽

Niculina Vătavu ◽

Florin Adrian Păun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrostatic Discharge ◽

Electrostatic Charge ◽

Explosion Hazard ◽

Explosive Mixture ◽

Ignition Energy ◽

Minimum Ignition Energy ◽

Electrostatic Discharges ◽

Industrial Sectors ◽

Surrounding Atmosphere

In industrial sectors that use, process, transport or store, substances such as combustible dusts could exist some workplaces with explosion hazard due to the possibility of dust/air explosive formation and ignition, both inside the installations and in the surrounding atmosphere. Methods and means of protection aim to prevent the development of explosive atmospheres, followed by preventing the occurrence of ignition sources and then limiting the effects of explosions. To assess the risk of ignition of the explosive atmosphere, there must be known first of all, the explosive atmosphere’s sensitivity to ignition by electrostatic discharge, respectively, the minimum ignition energy of the explosive mixture, afterwards being required an analysis on the possibilities of formation and discharge of electrostatic charge. For the most common combustible dusts, the minimum ignition energy is given, but for new types of flammable substances this parameter defining the sensitivity to ignition of the mixture by electrostatic discharges must be determined. The paper presents the results of research carried out in order to develop the methods and standards for determining the minimum ignition energy of the combustible dust / air mixture and of the methods for the assessment of the risk of ignition of the dust/air explosive atmosphere by electrostatic discharge.

Download Full-text

Fire and explosion hazard in the process of 3-methyl-2-penten-4-yne-1-ol synthesis in vitamin a manufacture

Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal ◽

10.1007/bf00760961 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 195-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. V. Fesenko ◽

E. G. Koreshkova ◽

G. P. Chernysh

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Explosion Hazard ◽

Fire And Explosion

Download Full-text

Fire and Explosion Hazards Associated with Electrostatic Powder Coating

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0014.4266 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 ◽

pp. 23-36

Author(s):

Jakub Bielawski

Keyword(s):

Powder Coating ◽

Combustible Material ◽

Dust Layer ◽

Potential Sources ◽

Minimum Requirements ◽

Fire And Explosion ◽

Fire And Explosion Hazards

This paper presents fire and explosion hazards during electrostatic powder coating, and describes the course of the process as well as the characteristics of powder coating as a combustible material. Potential sources of ignition that could initiate a fire of a dust layer or an explosion of a dust-air mixture have been identified. The minimum requirements and recommendations raising the level of safety in the area of coating installations are presented.

Download Full-text