scholarly journals Effect of Differing Durations of High-Intensity Intermittent Activity on Cognitive Function in Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11594
Author(s):  
Lorna M. Hatch ◽  
Karah Dring ◽  
Ryan A. Williams ◽  
Caroline Sunderland ◽  
Mary Nevill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Test List ◽  
Exercise Duration ◽  
Item Level ◽  
Sternberg Paradigm

Exercise duration may influence the acute effects on cognition. However, only one study to date has explored the dose-response relationship between exercise duration and cognition in adolescents. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of differing durations of high-intensity intermittent running on cognition in adolescents. Thirty-eight adolescents (23 girls) completed three trials separated by 7 d: 30 min exercise, 60 min exercise, and rest; in a randomised crossover design. The exercise was a modified version of the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST), which elicited high-intensity intermittent exercise. Cognitive function tests (Stroop test, Sternberg paradigm, Flanker task) were completed 30 min pre, immediately post, and 45 min post exercise. Response times on the incongruent level of the Flanker task improved to a greater extent 45 min following the 30 min LIST, compared to rest (p = 0.009). Moreover, response times improved to a greater extent on the three-item level of Sternberg paradigm 45 min following the 30 min LIST, compared to the 60 min LIST (p = 0.002) and rest (p = 0.013), as well as on the five-item level 45 min following the 30 min LIST, compared to the 60 min LIST (p = 0.002). In conclusion, acute exercise enhanced subsequent cognition in adolescents, but overall, 30 min of high-intensity intermittent running is more favourable to adolescents’ cognition, compared to 60 min.

The Effect of 45 Minutes of Soccer-Specific Exercise on the Performance of Soccer Skills

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keeron J. Stone ◽  
Jonathan L. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Test List ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Specific Exercise ◽  
Point Score ◽  
Soccer Match ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test

Purpose:The aim of the study was to examine the effect of fatigue, developed during prolonged high-intensity intermittent exercise, on the performance of soccer shooting and dribbling skill.Methods:Nine semiprofessional soccer players with a mean age of 20.7 ± 1.4 years volunteered to participate in the study. Participants completed a slalom dribble test and the Loughborough Soccer Shooting Test (LSST), before and directly following the performance of three 15-min bouts of a modified version of the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST).Results:Mean heart rates and mean 15-m sprint times remained unchanged across the three bouts of the LIST. Following the LIST slalom dribbling time increased significantly by 4.5 ± 4.0% (P = .009), while the mean total points scored during the LSST was significantly reduced by 7.6 ± 7.0 points (P = .012). When fatigued the frequency of shots in the LSST achieving the highest score of 5 points was reduced by 47% while the frequency of shots achieving the lowest 0 point score increased by 85%.Conclusion:Results show that while 45 min of exercise caused no decrements in sprint performance there were significant reductions in the ability to perform soccer-specific skills. Both the speed (dribbling time) and accuracy (shot performance) with which soccer-specific skills were executed was impaired following exercise replicating one-half of a soccer match.

scholarly journals Breakfast glycaemic index and cognitive function in adolescent school children

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (12) ◽  
pp. 1823-1832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon B. Cooper ◽  
Stephan Bandelow ◽  
Maria L. Nute ◽  
John G. Morris ◽  
Mary E. Nevill
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Glycaemic Response ◽  
Postprandial Period ◽  
Breakfast Consumption ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Sternberg Paradigm ◽  
Study Participants

It has been suggested that a low-glycaemic index (GI) breakfast may be beneficial for some elements of cognitive function (e.g. memory and attention), but the effects are not clear, especially in adolescents. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine the effects of a low-GI breakfast, a high-GI breakfast and breakfast omission on cognitive function in adolescents. A total of fifty-two adolescents aged 12–14 years were recruited to participate in the study. Participants consumed a low-GI breakfast, a high-GI breakfast or omitted breakfast. A battery of cognitive function tests was completed 30 and 120 min following breakfast consumption and capillary blood samples were taken during the 120 min postprandial period. The findings show that there was a greater improvement in response times following a low-GI breakfast, compared with breakfast omission on the Stroop (P = 0·009) and Flanker (P = 0·041) tasks, and compared with a high-GI breakfast on the Sternberg paradigm (P = 0·013). Furthermore, accuracy on all three tests was better maintained on the low-GI trial compared with the high-GI (Stroop:P = 0·039; Sternberg:P = 0·018; Flanker:P = 0·014) and breakfast omission (Stroop:P < 0·001; Sternberg:P = 0·050; Flanker:P = 0·014) trials. Following the low-GI breakfast, participants displayed a lower glycaemic response (P < 0·001) than following the high-GI breakfast, but there was no difference in the insulinaemic response (P = 0·063) between the high- and low-GI breakfasts. Therefore, we conclude that a low-GI breakfast is most beneficial for adolescents' cognitive function, compared with a high-GI breakfast or breakfast omission.

scholarly journals POLYSULFIDE-ENRICHED GARLIC SUPPLEMENTATION IMPROVES COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND REDUCES HEART RATE DURING HIGH INTENSITY INTERMITTENT EXERCISE

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-244
Author(s):  
Ahmad Safwanudin Nordin ◽  
Alif Nazrin Jumat ◽  
Iqbal Khan Norhamazi ◽  
Syarifah Maimunah Mud Puad ◽  
Adam Linoby
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Intermittent Exercise

Sustained Passing Performance of Elite and Subelite Female Soccer Players Following a Female Match-Specific Exercise Protocol

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mikayla J. Lyons ◽  
Jennifer Conlon ◽  
Amy Perejmibida ◽  
Paola Chivers ◽  
Christopher Joyce
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Test List ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Performance Times ◽  
Female Specific

Purpose: This study examined the maintenance of passing performance following soccer-specific high-intensity intermittent exercise in elite (n = 9) and subelite (n = 11) Western Australian female soccer players (19.5 [2.5] y). Methods: A total of 20 participants completed the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (LSPT) prior to, during, and following 90 minutes of a modified, female-specific, individualized exercise protocol (Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test [LIST]) to simulate 2 halves of a soccer match. Performance in the LSPT was calculated by adding “raw time” to the accumulated “penalty time” for each test. Results: Elite players recorded greater distances (t58 = 4.671, P < .001, effect size [ES] = 1.21) and higher derived VO2max values (t58 = 4.715, P < .001, ES = 1.20) for the LIST exercise protocol over the subelite players. The total performance times for each LSPT were longer in the subelites in comparison with the elites, with a very large ES difference seen in post-LIST1 (t18 = −6.64, P < .001, ES = 2.99) and post-LIST2 (t18 = −9.143, P < .001, ES = 4.12). No between-groups differences were identified for “raw time” at any time point. Hence, all reported LSPT performance differences are attributed to “penalty time.” Conclusion: These data suggest that elite players can sustain their passing performance more efficiently throughout match play that can subelite female soccer players. These findings may contribute to future talent-identification testing by helping to distinguish between elite- and subelite-level players through sustained passing performance. Coaches may also use this information to better inform best-practice training methods through modification of male soccer-specific high-intensity intermittent exercise to a female cohort.

Dose-Response Effects of Exercise Duration and Recovery on Cognitive Functioning

2017 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 1164-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Crush ◽  
Paul D. Loprinzi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Exercise Duration ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Enhancement Effect ◽  
Cognitive Tests

We examined the effects of different acute exercise durations and recovery periods on cognitive function in a counterbalanced, cross-over randomized controlled experiment. We placed 352 participants, aged 18 to 35 years into one of 16 experimental groups. Each participant visited the laboratory twice, separated by a 1-week washout period. Either Visit 1 or 2 consisted of an acute bout of moderate-intensity treadmill exercise (10, 20, 30, 45, or 60 minutes) followed by a period of rest (5, 15, or 30 minutes) before taking a set of five cognitive tests; the other visit consisted only of completing the cognitive tests (no exercise). Cognitive tests sampled multiple cognitive parameters, including reasoning, concentration, memory, attention, and planning. We found that a short recovery period (i.e., 5 minutes) may have a less favorable effect on planning ability but may be beneficial for memory. In addition, for various exercise durations and recovery periods, a Group × Time × Resting (nonexercise) A cognitive interaction effect was observed such that for both memory and inhibitory cognitive ability, acute exercise (vs. no exercise) had an enhancement effect for those with lower resting cognitive functioning. The length of the acute exercise recovery period and resting cognitive ability most influenced the association between exercise and cognitive function.

scholarly journals Peripheral BDNF and psycho-behavioral aspects are positively modulated by high-intensity intermittent exercise and fitness in healthy women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo de Poli ◽  
Vithor Lopes ◽  
Fabio Lira ◽  
Alessandro Zagatto ◽  
Alberto Jimenez-Maldonado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Exercise Enjoyment ◽  
Two Phases

Abstract The study aimed to investigate the effect of high-intensity intermittent effort (HIIE) performed in luteal and follicular menstrual phases on BDNF, cognitive function, mood and exercise enjoyment. Fourteen healthy women completed four experimental sessions, randomly. For each menstrual phase one graded exercise test (GXT) and one HIIE session (10 × 1-min runs 90% peak GXT velocity [1-min recovery]) were performed. Blood samples were collected at rest and immediately after efforts, as well profile of mood states questionnaire (POMS) and Stroop-task application. During the HIIE, subjective scales were applied (feeling, felt arousal, rate of perceived exertion and physical activity enjoyment). In serum BDNF no difference was observed between menstrual phases (p = 0.87). Nevertheless, HIIE increased BDNF concentration during two phases (p = 0.03). In addition, the magnitude of circulating BDNF changes (BDNFΔ) and VO2max showed an inverse relationship in follicular phase (r= -0.539, p = 0.046), whereas in luteal phase the BDNFΔ were negatively correlated with duration (r= -0.684, p = 0.007) and RPE (r= -0.726, p = 0.004) in GXT. No difference between menstrual phases was observed for POMS (p ≥ 0.05); however, HIIE attenuates tension (p < 0.01), depression (p < 0.01) and anger moods (p < 0.01), independently of menstrual phases. Subjective scales and Stroop-task did not show differences. Menstrual cycle does not affect BDNF, cognitive function, mood and exercise enjoyment, but HIIE increases peripheral BDNF and attenuate tension, depression and anger independently of menstrual phase. Besides, the BDNFΔ were correlated with fitness status in follicular phase, exhibiting higher changes in women with lower fitness status.

EXPRESS: Evaluation of the Transient Hypofrontality Theory in the Context of Exercise: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110488
Author(s):  
Myungjin Jung ◽  
Seungho Ryu ◽  
Minsoo Kang ◽  
Amir-Homayoun Javadi ◽  
Paul D. Loprinzi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Variance Estimation ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Task Type ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Robust Variance Estimation

Accumulating research suggests that, as a result of reduced neural activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), higher-order cognitive function may be compromised while engaging in high-intensity acute exercise, with this phenomenon referred to as the transient hypofrontality effect. However, findings in this field remain unclear and lack a thorough synthesis of the evidence. Therefore, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of in-task acute exercise on cognitive function, and further, to examine whether this effect is moderated by the specific type of cognition (i.e., PFC-dependent vs. non-PFC-dependent). Studies were identified by electronic databases in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. In total, twenty-two studies met our inclusion criteria and intercept only meta-regression models with robust variance estimation were used to calculate the weighted average effect sizes across studies. Acute exercise at all intensities did not influence cognitive function (β = -0.16, 95% CI = [-0.58, 0.27], p = .45) when exercise occurred during the cognitive task, and no significant moderation effects emerged. However, there was evidence that cognitive task type (PFC-dependent vs. non-PFC-dependent) moderated the effect of high-intensity acute exercise on a concomitant cognitive performance (β = -0.81, 95% CI = [-1.60, -0.02], p = .04). Specifically, our findings suggest that PFC-dependent cognition is impaired while engaging in an acute bout of high-intensity exercise, providing support for the transient hypofrontality theory. We discuss these findings in the context of a cognitive-energetic perspective.

scholarly journals Effect of football activity and physical fitness on information processing, inhibitory control and working memory in adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan A. Williams ◽  
Simon B. Cooper ◽  
Karah J. Dring ◽  
Lorna Hatch ◽  
John G. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Trial Time ◽  
Sternberg Paradigm

Abstract Background Whilst an acute bout of exercise has been shown to enhance subsequent cognition, including in adolescents, the effects of team games (of which Football is the most popular) has received little attention. Therefore, this study examined: the effect of an acute bout of outdoor Football activity on information processing, inhibitory control, working memory and circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in adolescents; the effect of physical fitness on cognition and; the moderating effect of physical fitness on the acute exercise responses. Methods Following familiarisation, 36 adolescents (16 girls) took part in two trials (60-min Football and 60-min seated rest) separated by 7-d in a counterbalanced, crossover design. Information processing and inhibitory control (Stroop Test), and working memory (Sternberg Paradigm) were assessed 30-min before exercise/rest and immediately, 45- and 90-min post-exercise/rest. Capillary blood samples were obtained before exercise/rest and up to 120-min post-exercise/rest. The median split of distance covered on the MSFT was used to divide the group into high- and low-fit groups. Results Performance on the cognitive function tasks was similar between Football and seated rest (trial*time interactions; all p > .05). However, the high-fit group had overall quicker response times on both levels of the Stroop Task and all three levels of the Sternberg Paradigm (main effect of fitness; all p < .001). Furthermore, the exercise-cognition relationship was moderated by physical fitness, with improvements in working memory response times seen post-exercise, only in the high-fit group (trial*time*fitness interaction, p < .05). Circulating BDNF was unaffected by the Football activity and physical fitness (p > .05). Conclusion The present study shows that higher levels of physical fitness are beneficial for cognitive function and provides novel evidence that an ecologically valid, and popular, form of exercise is beneficial for working memory following exercise, in high-fit participants only.

scholarly journals Peripheral BDNF and psycho-behavioral aspects are positively modulated by high-intensity intermittent exercise and fitness in healthy women

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Araujo Bonetti de Poli ◽  
Vithor Hugo Fialho Lopes ◽  
Fábio Santos Lira ◽  
Alessandro Moura Zagatto ◽  
Alberto Jimenez-Maldonado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Exercise Enjoyment ◽  
Serum Bdnf

AbstractAcute high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) induces the myokine secretion associated with neurogenesis, as well brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF); however, it remains unknown how the menstrual phase influences this secretion after an acute exercise session. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of HIIE performed in luteal and follicular menstrual phases on BDNF, cognitive function, mood, and exercise enjoyment. Fourteen healthy women completed four experimental sessions, randomly. One graded exercise test (GXT) and one HIIE session (10 × 1-min runs 90% peak GXT velocity [1-min recovery]) were performed for each menstrual phase. Blood samples were collected at rest and immediately after efforts, and the profile of mood states questionnaire (POMS) and Stroop-task test were applied. During the HIIE, subjective scales were applied (feeling, felt arousal, rate of perceived exertion, and physical activity enjoyment). The main results showed that the serum BDNF presented no difference between menstrual phases (p = 0.870); however, HIIE increased BDNF concentration in both menstrual phases (p = 0.030). In addition, the magnitude of circulating BDNF variation (Δ%BDNF) and $$\dot{\text{V}}{{\text{O}}}_{\text{2max}}$$ V ˙ O 2max demonstrated an inverse relationship in the follicular phase (r =  − 0.539, p = 0.046), whereas in the luteal phase, Δ%BDNF was negatively correlated with time test (r =  − 0.684, p = 0.007) and RPE (r =  − 0.726, p = 0.004) in GXT. No differences between menstrual phases were observed for POMS (p ≥ 0.05); however, HIIE attenuated tension (p < 0.01), depression (p < 0.01), and anger moods (p < 0.01), independently of menstrual phases. The subjective scales and Stroop-task test did not show differences. In conclusion, menstrual cycle phase does not affect serum BDNF levels, cognitive function, mood, and exercise enjoyment. Contrary, HIIE increases peripheral BDNF and attenuates tension, depression, and anger independently of menstrual phase. In addition, Δ%BDNF was correlated with physical fitness in the follicular phase, exhibiting higher changes in women with lower physical fitness status.

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