Study on Spatial-Temporal Change of Urban Green Space in Yangtze River Economic Belt and Its Driving Mechanism

Urban green space plays an important role in beautifying the environment, improving the quality of life of residents, and promoting sustainable urban development. Rapid urbanization has led to great changes in the spatial structure and layout of urban green space. It is urgent to put forward the sustainable development strategy of green space through the research on the change of urban green space. Based on the geographical spatial differences of urban green space and integrating the factors of economy, society, industry, land use, and the environment, we constructed a research framework of “space-supply-demand” integration of urban green space by GI and geodetector methods, and we conducted an empirical study on the spatial–temporal changes of urban green space and its driving mechanism in prefecture-level cities along the Yangtze River Economic Belt in China. First, the urban green space along the Yangtze River Economic Belt is concentrated in spatial distribution, while uneven development appears in urban greening among the zones. Second, the influence of different factors on urban green space change varies greatly and can be divided into three types: key factors, important factors, and auxiliary factors. The driving mechanism of the spatial distribution of urban green space supply and demand is quite different, but urban population and commercial service facilities land are their key influence factors, having a comprehensive influence on the spatial–temporal changes of urban green space. Third, the factors are classified into three categories of high, medium, and low levels according to the mean of interacting forces; in particular, the factors of per capita GDP, utility land, industrial smoke (dust) emissions, and other factors have a very strong interactive effect with other factors. Fourth, according to the spatial distribution characteristics of urban green space and its driving mechanism, this paper puts forward planning and policy suggestions, providing reference for other areas to deal with the green space change.

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An Investigation on Shenzhen Urban Green Space Changes and Their Effect on Local Eco-Environment in Recent Decades

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su132212549 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (22) ◽

pp. 12549

Author(s):

Yue Liu ◽

Hui Li ◽

Chang Li ◽

Cheng Zhong ◽

Xueye Chen

Keyword(s):

Carbon Storage ◽

Green Space ◽

High Surface ◽

Urban Green Space ◽

Sustainable Urban Development ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Environment Factors ◽

Urban Green ◽

Heat Islands ◽

Surface Wetness

Rapid urbanization and population growth impact enormous pressures on urban natural, economic and social environments. The quantitative analysis of urban green space (UGS) landscape dynamics and their impact on the urban eco-environment is of great significance for urban planning and eco-environment protection. Taking Shenzhen as an example, the UGS landscape changes and their impact on urban heat islands (UHI), surface wetness, air pollution and carbon storage were comprehensively investigated with Landsat and MODIS images. Results showed a large number of lands transferring from UGS to non-UGS from 1978 to 2018, especially for cropland. Built-up regions have adverse influences on eco-environment factors, and then they suffer high SUHI and AOD and low humidity and carbon storage. The growth of built-up areas not only enlarges the area of SUHI, but also enhances the intensity of heat islands. On the contrary, UGS patches have beneficial influences on all eco-environment factors and then enjoy a better eco-environment, including low SUHII, high surface wetness, high carbon storage and low AOD. It is expected that this study could provide scientific support for UGS plans and for conserving and sustainable urban development for developing cities.

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Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Urban Green Space Influenced by Rapid Urbanization and Land Use Policies in Shanghai

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12040476 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 476

Author(s):

Song Liu ◽

Xinsu Zhang ◽

Yongjiu Feng ◽

Huan Xie ◽

Li Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Green Space ◽

Dynamic Change ◽

Urban Green Space ◽

Spatiotemporal Dynamics ◽

Sustainable Urban Development ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Urban Green ◽

The Past ◽

Land Use Policies

Urbanization has led to the continuous expansion of built-up areas and the ever-growing urban population, threatening the quantity and quality of urban green space (UGS). Exploring the spatiotemporal variations of UGS is substantially conducive to the formulation of land-use policies to protect the ecosystems. As one of the largest megacities all around the world, Shanghai has experienced rapid urbanization in the past three decades. Insights into how UGS changes in response to urbanization and greening policies are essential for guiding sustainable urban development. This paper employed integrated approaches to characterize the changing patterns and intensities of green space in Shanghai, China from 1990 to 2015. The spatiotemporal dynamics of the UGS pattern were derived through four main methods: green space ratio, dynamic change degree (DCD), transition matrix and landscape metrics. The results showed that Shanghai’s green space decreased from 84.8% in 1990 to 61.9% in 2015 while the built-up areas increased from 15.0% to 36.5%. Among the green space sub-types, farmland was largely encroached and fragmented by urban sprawl, especially in the Outer Ring Expressway and Suburban Ring Expressway belts of the city. About 1522 km2 of the green space has transferred into built-up areas, followed by farmland, waterbody, forest, and grassland in descending order. The 2000–2010 period witnessed the strong urban expansion and dramatic changes in UGS, but then the change around 2015 turned down and stable. The landscape pattern metrics showed that the entire green space in Shanghai was growingly fragmented and isolated during the past 25 years. Combined with the green space-related planning and policies issued in 1990–2015, the results revealed that both rapid urbanization and greening policies accounted for the spatiotemporal dynamics of UGS. Based on the results, some implicants to new urban planning and policies of Shanghai were highlighted.

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Air Pollution and Urban Green Space: Evidence of Environmental Injustice in Adama, Ethiopia

Frontiers in Sustainable Cities ◽

10.3389/frsc.2021.728384 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Author(s):

Erin Flanagan ◽

Kristoffer Mattisson ◽

John Walles ◽

Asmamaw Abera ◽

Axel Eriksson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Green Space ◽

Urban Green Space ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Household Air Pollution ◽

Environmental Injustice ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Urban Green ◽

Air Pollution Exposure ◽

Pollution Exposure

While air pollution data in Ethiopia is limited, existing studies indicate high levels of both ambient and household air pollution; rapid urbanization also threatens the preservation of urban green spaces. In this study, environmental injustice, or the disproportionate burden of environmental exposures on persons of lower socioeconomic status (SES), was explored among women in Ethiopia using a mother and child cohort from the city of Adama. Land-use regression models were previously developed for modeling ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) throughout Adama, while household air pollution (cooking fuel type) and the presence of green space were assessed through questionnaires and home visits, respectively. The odds of being exposed to these environmental factors were analyzed in association with two SES indicators, education and occupation, using logistic regression. Our results indicate the presence of environmental injustice in Adama, as women with lower SES shouldered a higher burden of air pollution exposure and enjoyed less urban green space than their higher SES counterparts. These findings encourage the prioritization of air quality control and urban planning resources toward policy action within lower SES areas. From a societal perspective, our results also support more upstream interventions, including investment in educational and occupational opportunities. Still, a human rights approach is emphasized, as governments are responsible for protecting the right to a clean environment, especially for those disproportionately exposed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on environmental injustice in Ethiopia, and the first in Sub-Saharan Africa to investigate the inequalities of ambient and household air pollution exposure as well as urban green space access in the same cohort.

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Implementation and Evaluation of Urban Green Space Supply for Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-472332/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Awlachew Dejen Dejen ◽

Ayele Behaylu Yitagesu ◽

Dodge Getachew Aysassa

Keyword(s):

Urban Planning ◽

Green Space ◽

Outer Part ◽

Urban Green Space ◽

World Health ◽

Sustainable Urban Development ◽

Land Uses ◽

Urban Green ◽

Debre Berhan ◽

The Town

Abstract Urban green space (UGS) is part of urban land covered with vegetation which has an immense benefit for sustainable urban development. The main objective of this study was urban green space supply analysis and evaluation for Debre Berhan town, Ethiopia. To realize this objective, we generated UGSs information by using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) which was calculated from Sentinel 2 satellite image. Then, the result of NDVI calculation was classified as small vegetation and high vegetation with over all accuracy of 87.29% and kappa value of 0.808. According to the result, there are 15.85% and 1.55% supply of urban green space for small and high vegetation respectively. In addition, the UGS supply in inner and outer part of the town for each land use was quantified. The result showed that in the inner part of the town, service, green area, and vacant land uses have 30.12%, 30.06%, and 13.32% of UGS supply respectively. Conversely, recreation, commercial, and administration land uses are least supplied with 0.11%, 0.26%, and 0.40% share of UGS. Furthermore, the UGS supply was evaluated against the new urban planning strategy of Ethiopia (30% coverage) and World Health Organization standard (9m2 per person). The coverage of small vegetation and high vegetation was 15.85% and 1.55% respectively. The UGS per capita for small vegetation was about 75.16m2 while the value for high vegetation was 7.33m2. The results of our analysis can be used as an input for urban planning and master plan revision.

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Urban Green Space Suitability Evaluation Based on the AHP-CV Combined Weight Method: A Case Study of Fuping County, China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10082656 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 2656 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Zhiming Li ◽

Zhengxi Fan ◽

Shiguang Shen

Keyword(s):

Green Space ◽

Central City ◽

Urban Green Space ◽

Ahp Method ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Urban Green ◽

Suitability Evaluation ◽

Mountainous Regions ◽

Weight Method

Urban green space (UGS) provides critical ecosystem services and alleviates environmental problems caused by rapid urbanization. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is recognized as a traditional technique to identify the weight of the UGS suitability evaluation. We reveal the limitations of the AHP method for its subjectivity and uncertainty. Then, we introduce the AHP and coefficient of variation (AHP-CV) combined weight method to better evaluate the suitability of UGS. Based on the principle of minimum information entropy, the AHP-CV combined weight method takes advantage of both the AHP and CV methods, thus keeping a good balance between subjectivity and objectivity. We used the green space system planning of Fuping County in China as a case study. A new evaluation index system was established using 4 aspects. Our results show that high-suitability areas are mainly distributed around the northern mountainous regions, 2 important rivers and the outer areas of the central city. By comparing the UGS suitability evaluation results obtained by the AHP, CV, and AHP-CV combined weight methods, we found that the AHP-CV method was optimal. Therefore, the AHP-CV combined weight method will not only enrich spatial Multi-Criteria Decision-Making techniques but also have a wide application in the related fields of land-use planning.

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GREEN INDEXING OF HISAR MUNICIPAL CORPORATION USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-921-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol XLII-5 ◽

pp. 921-927

Author(s):

D. Singh ◽

S. Mondal ◽

R. S. Hooda

Keyword(s):

Green Space ◽

Urban Green Space ◽

Green Spaces ◽

World Health ◽

Support Vector ◽

Open Spaces ◽

Relative Deviation ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Urban Green ◽

Urban Green Spaces

Abstract. Urban Green Space (UGS) enhances the structure of the landscape of a city. It provides economic, social and health benefits to the inhabitants. Rapid urbanization and increase in population has put extreme pressure on urban green spaces. Therefore, mapping of urban green spaces is important to facilitate the urban planning sustainably. This study has been taken up to map the UGS in the Hisar Municipal Corporation (HMC) area of Haryana State constituting an area of 4197.32ha using high resolution LISS-IV data of November, 2017. Three different methods namely (a) Onscreen Digitization (b) Support Vector Machine-based classification (SVM) and (c) Multi Resolution Segmentation (MRS) have been tested to extract the green spaces. The onscreen digitization method has been considered as best method as compared to SVM and MRS because of the intervention of human mind and full control on manual editing. The SVM under estimated the green space for HMC with average relative deviation of 15%. However, it extracted the green area precisely without mixing of open spaces. MRS have given good results in terms of total area (relative deviation was 5%), however, spatial distribution of green spaces have been mixed with open spaces. The study identified the green index of HMC and suggested the suitability and sustainability of the city based on World Health Organization (WHO) defined standards. Green space for Hisar Municipal Corporation was 1690.96ha with average urban green space index of 0.40. Per capita green cover for HMC was 9.69m2/inhabitant, which is as per the standard reported by WHO i.e. 9m2/inhabitant. Further study may suggest some other algorithm for better results and automatic green space extraction.

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MAKING SMART URBAN DECISIONS: THE NICHE OF A PARAMETRIC SPATIAL MODEL TO BALANCE THE NEEDS OF URBAN STORMWATER MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN WELLBEING

ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-annals-vi-4-w2-2020-79-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol VI-4/W2-2020 ◽

pp. 79-86

Author(s):

J. Jia ◽

S. Zlatanova ◽

S. Hawken ◽

K. F. Zhang

Keyword(s):

Spatial Model ◽

Stormwater Management ◽

Green Space ◽

Urban Green Space ◽

Urban Stormwater ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Urban Green ◽

Human Wellbeing ◽

Important Relationship ◽

Sustainable Stormwater Management

Abstract. Rapid urbanization has resulted in high-density construction, more impervious area and with increasing threats of urban stormwater, drought and negative influences on human wellbeing. Although there has been progress in sustainable stormwater management and the promotion of human wellbeing with green space, the research has been conducted from a mono-disciplinary perspective and has brought potential conflicts in the utilisation of green space in an urban area. Since smart city proposed, researchers are exploring informational and integrated urban management to face this type of development conflicts and achieve a harmonious and sustainable future. This research proposes a parametric spatial model to integrate stormwater management and human recreation needs based on the understanding of the relationship between them on the same urban green space. We expect that this integrated parametric spatial model will help residents to interact with functional green space and provide options to organize the urban green space smarter and more effectively. This paper presents: (1) A review of the main sustainable stormwater management measures with principles, models and facilities to reveal an overlooked but important relationship between space and stormwater management. (2) Investigation of the research on the benefits of green space on human wellbeing. The study argues that the participation of green space cannot be effectively and accurately analysed with the current main analysis measures which relying on satellite-based vegetation indices or land-use database. This research is intended to set smarter decision making on urban green spaces which connects sustainable stormwater management with human wellbeing via visualised parametric spatial model.

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An analysis of the spatial distribution, influence and quality of urban green space – a case study of the Polish city of Tczew

Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series ◽

10.2478/bog-2018-0035 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 (42) ◽

pp. 129-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Adam Senetra ◽

Iwona Krzywnicka ◽

Marcin Mielke

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Natural Environment ◽

Green Space ◽

Urban Green Space ◽

Green Spaces ◽

Human Welfare ◽

Urban Green ◽

Urban Green Spaces ◽

The City

Abstract Rapid urban growth can exert negative effects on the natural environment due to the loss of naturally vegetated areas, loss of biological diversity, deforestation and soil erosion. The condition of cities is inherently linked with the natural environment which has a positive influence on health, social relations, human welfare and economic activity. Urban areas should abound in green spaces, and should also be easily accessible to the general public. The aim of this study was to determine the spatial distribution, influence and quality of urban green spaces on the example of the city of Tczew in northern Poland. The proposed methodology can be applied in cities of a similar size and urban structure to promote rational management of urban green space in line with the principles of sustainable development and spatial order. The Green-Space Record, a useful tool for inventorying urban green spaces, was developed to pursue the main research goal. The information accumulated in the Record constitutes valuable input data for further analysis, including the determination of the area, distribution, influence and quality of urban green spaces. The results of the analysis revealed that urban green spaces occupy more than 19% of Tczew’s territory, which is equivalent to 70.6 m2 per resident. Managed green spaces span the area of only 66.75 ha (11.31 m2 per resident) and are unevenly distributed in the city. More than half of these areas are found in the Stare Miasto (Old Town) district, whereas two residential districts (Gdańska, Prątnica) are completely devoid of public greens. The quality of urban green spaces is generally satisfactory in Tczew; however, not all residents have equal access to high-quality public greens.

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